手动构建自己的docker容器镜像实战
Posted 我是沐风晓月
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前言
之前的实战中，我们实战中，我们使用的镜像都是镜像仓库已有的镜像。 已有的镜像都是别人已经开发好上传的。今天我们一起来看看如何构建自己的镜像并上传到镜像仓库中。
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文章目录
一. 设置docker构建镜像的环境
- 使用docker commit命令进行镜像的构建
1.1 commit 命令的介绍
我们执行 docker help commit来查看：
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker help commit
Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create a new image from a container's changes
Aliases:
docker container commit, docker commit
Options:
-a, --author string Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
-c, --change list Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
-m, --message string Commit message
-p, --pause Pause container during commit (default true)
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
1.2 创建一个tomcat容器
- 拉取Tomcat的镜像
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
0e29546d541c: Pull complete
9b829c73b52b: Pull complete
cb5b7ae36172: Pull complete
6494e4811622: Pull complete
668f6fcc5fa5: Pull complete
dc120c3e0290: Pull complete
8f7c0eebb7b1: Pull complete
77b694f83996: Pull complete
0f611256ec3a: Pull complete
4f25def12f23: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:9dee185c3b161cdfede1f5e35e8b56ebc9de88ed3a79526939701f3537a52324
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
docker.io/library/tomcat:latest
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
- 基于Tomcat的镜像创建容器
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker run --name mytomcat -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat
1f5bd6dcca0a614ec047bf3882e3fe2e4cdb17b7f343d7834145b17d1fc3c3c3
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
- 在Tomcat中部署一个简单的页面
如果不创建页面，直接访问Tomcat是会报错的，所以这里需要手动创建一个web测试页面：
//查看正在运行的容器
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1f5bd6dcca0a tomcat "catalina.sh run" 53 seconds ago Up 52 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp mytomcat
// 登录Tomcat容器
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker exec -it 1f5bd6dcca0a /bin/bash
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt LICENSE README.md RUNNING.txt conf logs temp webapps.dist
CONTRIBUTING.md NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES bin lib native-jni-lib webapps work
// 创建web测试目录
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# mkdir webapps/mufeng_demo
//创建index.html
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# echo "<h1>This is mufenggrow </>" > webapps/mufeng_demo/index.html
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat#
- 浏览器访问测试：
使用ip+端口号/mufeng_demo/index.html进行访问：
二. 开始构建自己的镜像
2.1 查看容器的ID
先要确定自己要基于哪个容器生成镜像， 这里我们用Tomcat的容器来构建：
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1f5bd6dcca0a tomcat "catalina.sh run" 19 minutes ago Up 19 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp mytomcat
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
可以确定该容器的ID是1f5bd6dcca0a
2.2 使用命令docker commit 生成该容器的镜像，并保存在本地
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker commit 1f5bd6dcca0a mufeng_tomcat
sha256:3dbdf1f915ac9cc3210fb0e77d9f5d93f24064ac604cf12d24f602693396eed3
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mufeng_tomcat latest 3dbdf1f915ac 9 seconds ago 680MB
tomcat latest fb5657adc892 15 months ago 680MB
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
执行完成后，看到多了一个mufeng_tomcat 的镜像。
三. 上传镜像到镜像仓库
3.1 登录docker hub
docker hub的官网地址： https://hub.docker.com/
-
注册：
-
创建存储库
你可以手动创建存储库，当然也可以不创建，我们这里默认是不创建的，上传的时候直接用mufenggrow/ 即可
3.2 创建镜像
如果要上传到镜像仓库中，需要在镜像名称前加上仓库的路径信息：
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker commit 1f5bd6dcca0a mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
sha256:dc9420341e4bd06cdd7dc5881220481c9dbe8faf4d548356c6dbab265a36416b
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat latest dc9420341e4b 5 seconds ago 680MB
mufeng_tomcat latest 3dbdf1f915ac 16 minutes ago 680MB
tomcat latest fb5657adc892 15 months ago 680MB
3.3 上传到镜像仓库
- 使用docker login 登录
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: mufenggrow
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
- 开始上传
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker push mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
Using default tag: latest
The push refers to repository [docker.io/mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat]
66f50273e519: Pushed
3e2ed6847c7a: Mounted from library/tomcat
bd2befca2f7e: Mounted from library/tomcat
59c516e5b6fa: Mounted from library/tomcat
3bb5258f46d2: Mounted from library/tomcat
832e177bb500: Mounted from library/tomcat
f9e18e59a565: Mounted from library/tomcat
26a504e63be4: Mounted from library/tomcat
8bf42db0de72: Mounted from library/tomcat
31892cc314cb: Mounted from library/tomcat
11936051f93b: Mounted from library/tomcat
latest: digest: sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8 size: 2630
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
- 到网页端查看
- 下载测试
先删除系统中已经有的包：
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker rmi mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
Untagged: mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
Untagged: mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat@sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8
Deleted: sha256:dc9420341e4bd06cdd7dc5881220481c9dbe8faf4d548356c6dbab265a36416b
Deleted: sha256:6d5bd3130a0c60a6075e5856fa11c8acfdab7a2252360a6fbeabdef1f83fc526
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker rmi mufeng_tomcat
Untagged: mufeng_tomcat:latest
Deleted: sha256:3dbdf1f915ac9cc3210fb0e77d9f5d93f24064ac604cf12d24f602693396eed3
Deleted: sha256:ea120c9388c452a6f215f1761b5981e40370e74b68d1886237e0931ce33a45f3
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat latest fb5657adc892 15 months ago 680MB
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
下载镜像包
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker search mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat 0
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker pull mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
0e29546d541c: Already exists
9b829c73b52b: Already exists
cb5b7ae36172: Already exists
6494e4811622: Already exists
668f6fcc5fa5: Already exists
dc120c3e0290: Already exists
8f7c0eebb7b1: Already exists
77b694f83996: Already exists
0f611256ec3a: Already exists
4f25def12f23: Already exists
5a8cdbad1b10: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8
Status: Downloaded newer image for mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
docker.io/mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat latest dc9420341e4b 24 minutes ago 680MB
tomcat latest fb5657adc892 15 months ago 680MB
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
可以看到，我们自己构建的镜像，已经可以下载了。
总结
💕 好啦，这就是今天要分享给大家的全部内容了，我们下期再见！
💕 本文由沐风晓月原创，首发于CSDN博客， 博客主页：mufeng.blog.csdn.net
💕 日拱一卒无尽有，功不唐捐终入海
💕 喜欢的话记得点赞收藏哦
Docker容器dockerfile镜像实战案例
dockerfile镜像实战案例
一、构建SSH镜像
① 创建镜像目录方便管理
mkdir /opt/sshd
cd /opt/sshd
② 创建编写dockerfile文件
vim Dockerfile
#第一行必须指明基于的基础镜像
FROM centos:7
#作者信息
MAINTAINER this is ssh image <clj>
#镜像的操作指令
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install openssh* net-tools lsof telnet passwd #安装一些需要的程序
RUN echo 'abc1234' | passwd --stdin root #修改root密码
RUN sed -i 's/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config #不使用PAM认证
RUN sed -ri '/^session\\s+required\\s+pam_loginuid.so/s/^/#/' /etc/pam.d/sshd #取消pam限制
RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -A #生成密钥认证文件
RUN mkdir -p /root/.ssh && chown root.root /root && chmod 700 /root/.ssh #
EXPOSE 22 #开启22号端口
CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd" , "-D"] #指定默认执行的命令
③ 生成镜像
docker build -t sshd:centos .
④ 启动容器并修改root密码
docker run -d -P sshd:centos
docker ps -a
ssh localhost -p 49155
二、构建Systemctl镜像
① 创建镜像目录方便管理
mkdir /opt/systemctl
cd /opt/systemctl
② 创建编写dockerfile文件
vim Dockerfile
FROM sshd:centos
MAINTAINER this is systemctl image <clj>
ENV container docker
#除了systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service，删除其它所有文件
RUN (cd /lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/; for i in *; do [ $i == systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service ] || rm -f $i; done); \\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/*; \\
rm -f /etc/systemd/system/*.wants/*; \\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/*; \\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*udev*; \\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*initctl*; \\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/*;\\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/anaconda.target.wants/*;
VOLUME [ "/sys/fs/cgroup" ]
#CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]
③ 生成镜像
docker build -t systemd:centos .
//启动容器，并挂载宿主机目录挂载到容器中，和进行初始化
docker run --privileged -it -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup:ro systemd:centos /sbin/init &
#--privileged：使container内的root拥有真正的root权限。否则，container内的root只是外部的一个普通用户权限。
docker ps -a
④ 进入容器
docker exec -it a0d624d2bfa9 bash
systemctl status sshd
方法二：
docker run -d -P --privileged sshd:centos /usr/sbin/init &
三、构建nginx镜像
① 创建镜像目录方便管理
mkdir /opt/nginx
cd /opt/nginx/
cp /opt/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /opt/nginx
② 创建编写dockerfile文件
vim Dockerfile
#基于基础镜像
FROM centos:7
#用户信息
MAINTAINER this is nginx image <clj>
#添加环境包
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
#上传nginx软件压缩包，并解压
ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
#指定工作目录
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.0
RUN ./configure \\
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \\
--user=nginx \\
--group=nginx \\
--with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
#指定http和https端口
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #关闭 nginx 在后台运行
#添加宿主机中run.sh到容器中
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
CMD ["/run.sh"]
③ 编写脚本
vim run.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
④ 生成镜像
//创建新镜像
docker build -t nginx:centos .
docker run -d -P nginx:centos #由于dockerfile将nginx设为前台启动，所以这里不需要加命令
docker ps -a
5df9e4383b96 nginx:centos "/run.sh" 15 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32768->443/tcp silly_davinci
⑤ 浏览器访问测试
http://192.168.80.10:32769
四、构建tomcat 镜像
① 创建镜像目录方便管理
mkdir /opt/tomcat
cd /opt/tomcat
cp /opt/jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz /opt/tomcat
cp /opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz /opt/tomcat
② 创建编写dockerfile文件
vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is tomcat image <clj>
ADD jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
WORKDIR /usr/local/
RUN mv jdk1.8.0_91 /usr/local/java
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/java
ENV JRE_HOME ${JAVA_HOME}/jre
ENV CLASSPATH .:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
ENV PATH $JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz /usr/local/
WORKDIR /usr/local/
RUN mv apache-tomcat-8.5.16 /usr/local/tomcat
EXPOSE 8080
#CMD ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh","run"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh","run"]
③ 生成镜像
docker build -t tomcat:centos .
docker run -d --name tomcat01 -p 1216:8080 tomcat:centos
④ 浏览器访问测试
http://192.168.80.10:1216
五、构建mysql镜像
① 创建镜像目录方便管理
mkdir /opt/mysqld
cd /opt/mysqld
② 创建编写dockerfile文件
vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is mysql image <clj>
RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake make
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/
RUN cmake \\
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \\
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \\
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \\
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \\
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \\
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \\
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \\
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \\
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \\
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \\
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \\
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \\
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 && make && make install
RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
RUN rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
ADD my.cnf /etc/
RUN chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/
RUN bin/mysqld \\
--initialize-insecure \\
--user=mysql \\
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \\
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
RUN cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
EXPOSE 3306
ADD run.sh /usr/local/src
RUN chmod 755 /usr/local/src/run.sh
RUN sh /usr/local/src/run.sh
#CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]
③ 编写my.cnf脚本
vim my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
④ 编写run.sh脚本
vim run.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld
⑤ 创建新镜像、启动容器，并进行初始化
docker build -t mysql:centos .
#启动容器，并进行初始化
docker run --name=mysql_server -d -P --privileged mysql:centos /usr/sbin/init &
⑥ 进容器给权限
docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f9a4d8f6c65f mysql:centos "/usr/sbin/init" 17 seconds ago Up 16 seconds 0.0.0.0:49153->3306/tcp mysql_server
⑦进入容器，授权远程连接 mysql
docker exec -it f9a4d8f6c65f /bin/bash
mysql -u root -p
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'abc123';
flush privileges;
⑧在客户端连接mysql容器
mysql -h 192.168.80.10 -u root -P 49153 -pabc123
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