苹果芯片(M1/Apple Chip)通过UTM安装x86架构虚拟机指南/性能测试(以ubuntu18.04为例)

Posted 2023-04-05 Overflow_me

苹果芯片性能强功耗低，但是虚拟机作为计算机常用软件，大多数虚拟软件在苹果芯片上仅支持原生架构(ARM)的虚拟机。然而，常用的开发环境是属于x86架构的。那么，如何在苹果芯片上运行不同架构的虚拟机呢？

UTM​​​​​​底层基于QEMU实现，可以通过指令转译运行不同架构的系统，这里给出如何通过UTM安装ubuntu18.04-server的教程：

1. 官网下载UTM
2. 下载ubuntu18.04-server.iso
3. 在UTM上新建虚拟机
4. 设置内存与cpu，默认的内存比较小，建议拉大一点
5. 在硬盘设置添加iso文件作为cd/dvd驱动，再添加一块nvme的硬盘，大小自选
6. 启动虚拟机，根据传统安装步骤完成(大约要1小时，比x86原生慢不少)
7. 安装完成后，在设置中移除iso驱动，然后就可以启动虚拟机了

安装完成后，这里也做了简单的性能测试。在R7-4800H的机器上(原生x86架构)virtualbox虚拟机ubuntu18server运行以下程序需要0.17s，在m1 pro(macbook pro 14乞丐版)上运行以下程序需要0.25s。虚拟机配置均为4G RAM，4核CPU。

#include <stdio.h>

//compile with -O0
int main()

    for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++) ;

同样的配置，测浮点数，R7-4800H需要0.40s，m1 pro需要3.0s。性能损耗达到了650%

#include <stdio.h>

//compile with -O0
int main()

	float k=0.000001;
	for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++)
		k*=1.000001;

运行速度只能说还能接受，由于现代的cpu足够快，大多数小程序感受不出运行速度的差距。这里还安装并测试了apache2，访问网页也十分流畅。

PS: 建议不要用UTM自带的UI和VM交互，不知道为何十分卡顿，建议通过ssh连接。

无法在苹果 m1 芯片中的颤振项目上执行 pod 安装

【中文标题】无法在苹果 m1 芯片中的颤振项目上执行 pod 安装

【英文标题】：Can't perform pod install on flutter project in apple m1 chip

【发布时间】：2021-11-08 06:19:33

【问题描述】：

我最近做了一个 Flutter 项目，并将该项目移到了我的带有 m1 芯片的新 mac mini 上。我已经成功安装了颤振、cocoapods、ffi 等，但是当我在项目的 ios 文件夹上运行 pod install 时，它会显示此错误，

46: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `<main>'
    45: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `load'
    44: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/bin/pod:55:in `<top (required)>'
    43: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/command.rb:52:in `run'
    42: from /Users/ananthan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/claide-1.0.3/lib/claide/command.rb:334:in `run'
    41: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/command/install.rb:52:in `run'
    40: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:161:in `install!'
    39: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:240:in `resolve_dependencies'
    38: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/user_interface.rb:64:in `section'
    37: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:241:in `block in resolve_dependencies'
    36: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:416:in `analyze'
    35: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/earlgrey-1.16.0/lib/earlgrey/extensions/analyzer_extensions.rb:23:in `analyze'
    34: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:124:in `analyze'
    33: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:1076:in `resolve_dependencies'
    32: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/user_interface.rb:64:in `section'
    31: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:1077:in `block in resolve_dependencies'
    30: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:177:in `sources'
    29: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:177:in `map'
    28: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:178:in `block in sources'
    27: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods/sources_manager.rb:22:in `find_or_create_source_with_url'
    26: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/source/manager.rb:393:in `source_with_url'
    25: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/source/manager.rb:60:in `all'
    24: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/source/manager.rb:26:in `aggregate'
    23: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/source/manager.rb:331:in `aggregate_with_repos'
    22: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/source/manager.rb:331:in `map'
    21: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/source/manager.rb:331:in `block in aggregate_with_repos'
    20: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/source/manager.rb:322:in `source_from_path'
    19: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/source/manager.rb:315:in `block in source_from_path'
    18: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/source/manager.rb:315:in `new'
    17: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/cdn_source.rb:30:in `initialize'
    16: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/source.rb:31:in `initialize'
    15: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/cdn_source.rb:53:in `refresh_metadata'
    14: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/cdn_source.rb:338:in `download_file'
    13: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/cdn_source.rb:365:in `download_file_async'
    12: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/cdn_source.rb:372:in `download_and_save_with_retries_async'
    11: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.0/lib/cocoapods-core/cdn_source.rb:440:in `download_typhoeus_impl_async'
    10: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
     9: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
     8: from /Users/ananthan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/typhoeus-1.4.0/lib/typhoeus.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
     7: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
     6: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
     5: from /Users/ananthan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/ethon-0.14.0/lib/ethon.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
     4: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
     3: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
     2: from /Users/ananthan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.15.4/lib/ffi.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
     1: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': cannot load such file -- 2.6/ffi_c (LoadError)

谁能帮我解决这个问题。没有 pod install 项目将无法运行

【问题讨论】：

同样的问题

我尝试了所有方法，但找不到解决方案。

【参考方案1】：

请按此步骤操作。

sudo arch -x86_64 gem install ffi

arch -x86_64 pod 安装

【讨论】：

我已经完成了，但仍然存在错误

我相信这个解决方案可以安装除 x86 二进制文件之外的所有内容。这样做后调试和构建项目是否有效？