ionic 后台Api服务, 使用rest-hapi , node.js 创建 RESTful API Service , 附完整源代码

Posted 2020-11-20 caiyaming

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使用node.js创建RESTful 的API Service，可以选择的框架有 hapi, express 等。这里笔者推荐使用 hapi框架，会自动创建model 的 CRUD endpoints ,简单易行。使用过express，还是有不少坑的，尤其在client和server端数据交互时，使用中间件body-parse 问题不少，笔者将在下一篇文章详述。

安装最新版本 Node.js . Node.js官方下载
使用 Visual Studio Code 打开一个空的文件夹，比如 c:workionichapi-demo-service ,
打开Visual Studio Code的终端，输入 npm init , 出现如下所示的信息，直接按回车使用默认设置即可。也可输入内容替换默认信息。知道出现提示 : is it OK? (yes) ，输入yes 即可。这时会在hapi-demo-service根目录下生产package.json文件。

C:WorkIonichapi-demo-service>npm init
This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.
It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.

See `npm help json` for definitive documentation on these fields
and exactly what they do.

Use `npm install <pkg>` afterwards to install a package and
save it as a dependency in the package.json file.

Press ^C at any time to quit.
package name: (hapi-demo-service) hapi-demo-service
version: (1.0.0)
description: hapi demo service
entry point: (index.js)
...
Is this OK? (yes) yes

安装开发包。依次在终端中运行 npm i Hapi --save , npm i mongoose --save
安装 rest-hapi插件. 终端中输入 npm i rest-hapi --save
生成service入口类(或者是主类） touch index.js. (index.js 是默认设置，请参考package.json文件，main节点。
将如下代码拷贝到index.js

const Hapi = require("hapi");
let mongoose = require(‘mongoose‘);
let RestHapi = require(‘rest-hapi‘);
 
 
async function api(){
    try {
      let server = Hapi.Server({
        //Amin: host is important for ios system. If missing host, the in IOS, it would use machinename.local to replace localhost
        //if post or get request raised ,  there‘s no response.
        host: ‘localhost‘,
        port: 3001 
     });

      let config = {
          appTitle: "hapi-demo-service",
          version: ‘1.0.0‘,
          authStrategy: false ,
          mongo: {
            URI: ‘mongodb://localhost/hapi-demo-service‘
          }
      }; 
 
     config.embedAssociations = false;

      await server.register({
        plugin: RestHapi,
        options: {
          mongoose,
          config
        }
      });

      await server.start();

      console.log("Server ready", server.info);

      return server;
    } catch (err) {
      console.log("Error starting server:", err);
    }
  }

  module.exports = api();

View Code

生成model类。 VS code 打开终端。输入 mkdir models, 然后再输入 touch modelsuser.model.js ，此时会生成 user model。注意目录名称必须是 models ，文件名称需遵循格式 {model name}.model.js.
将以下代码拷贝到 user.model.js

module.exports = function (mongoose) {
  let modelName = "user";
  let Types = mongoose.Schema.Types;
  let Schema = new mongoose.Schema({
    email: {
      type: Types.String,
      required: true,
      unique: true
    },
    password: {
      type: Types.String,
      required: true,
      exclude: true,
      allowOnUpdate: false
    }
  });
  
  Schema.statics = {
    collectionName: modelName,
    routeOptions: {}
  };
  
  return Schema;
};

View Code

好，大功告成。可以运行程序了。终端输入 node index.js 。当然，也可以使用 npm start来运行。将 "start": "node index.js" 添加到package.json的scripts 节点中。
以下是更新后package.json的 scripts 节点

  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo "Error: no test specified" && exit 1",
    "start": "node index.js"
  },

运行成功界面如下

C:WorkIonichapi-demo-service>node index.js  。
以下是运行界面

[14:29:03.251] 16856 LOG      api/mongoose-init — Connecting to Database...:
[14:29:03.260] 16856 LOG      api/mongoose-init —      URI: `mongodb://localhost/hapi-demo-service`
[14:29:03.277] 16856 LOG      api/mongoose-init — mongoose connected
[14:29:03.278] 16856 LOG      api — Initializing Server...
[14:29:03.367] 16856 INFO     api/register-hapi-swagger — hapi-swagger plugin registered
[14:29:03.367] 16856 INFO     api/register-MrHorse — MrHorse plugin registered
Server ready { created: 1530253743241,
  started: 1530253743467,
  host: ‘CNSHAEL3Z5Z9H2‘,
  port: 3001,
  protocol: ‘http‘,
  ...
  address: ‘0.0.0.0‘ }

浏览器中输入： http://localhost:3001 。使用rest-hapi框架的好处是：会自动生成CRUD的endpoints.
测试api方法，这里推荐使用postman. 当然，在浏览器中也是可以测试的。

DELETE /user        Delete multiple users
POST /user          Create one or more new users
GET /user           Get a list of users
DELETE /user/{_id}  Delete a user
GET /user/{_id}     Get a specific user
PUT /user/{_id}     Update a user

运行界面截图：