找人帮忙翻译!关于涡轮增压器的!翻译完成后再追加分!

Posted 2023-03-31

5 Exhaust gas turbocharging
5.1 Objectives and applications for exhaust gas turbocharging
The clear objective of exhaust gas turbocharging is the increase in power density of reciprocating
piston internal combustion engines by means of precompressing the work medium, i.e., air. It utilizes the exhaust gas energy which otherwise – due to the geometrically given expansion ratio of the crank mechanism – would be lost at the end of the high-pressure cycle. Simultaneously, the
boundary conditions for combustion and the high-pressure cycle can be improved so that their
control and emission level can be optimized. Therefore, the main application areas for exhaust gas turbocharging are those in which high engine power density has to be obtained in combination with minimized emission and fuel consumption values. Thus, exhaust gas turbocharging will always be preferred, if it can be realized technically and at an acceptable cost.
5.2 Basic fluid mechanics of turbocharger components
This section will primarily discuss the basic fluid mechanics necessary for understanding supercharging equipment with flow compressors and turbines. It will not discuss the problems and methods associated with their layout and optimization. For that, we refer to the relevant literature [42,43, 81, 90].
5.2.1 Energy transfer in turbo machines
Compression
In flowcompressors, the pressure increase of thework medium occurs in several phases proceeding nearly simultaneously. On the one hand, by adding external mechanical energy, the medium is forced into a vectored speed, i.e., kinetic energy (change of state from 1 to 2) in the compressor impeller. This is then changed into pressure energy (change of state from 2 to 3), partially by deceleration of the medium in the divergent blade channels of the compressor impeller itself, and partially in a downstream static diffuser. The addition of energy and the pressure increase (in the decelerated flow) can be described using the first law of thermodynamics for open systems (also see Eq. (2.15), without consideration of the influence of geodetic altitude):
(5.1)
where h describes the enthalpy, wt the technical work added (or subtracted) from outside, and qadd the heat added (or subtracted) from outside.
Under the assumption of an adiabatic system (1–2), the following applies for the addition of kinetic energy wt:
5.2
5.3
For the pressure rise by flow deceleration (2–3) the following applies:
5.4
and with h = u + p/ρ
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参考技术A 5废气涡轮增压

5.1目标和应用的废气涡轮增压

的明确目标废气涡轮增压是提高功率密度的往复

活塞式内燃机的方式precompressing的工作中，即空气。它利用废气能源否则-由于几何给予膨胀率的曲柄机构-将会消失在年底高压循环。同时，

燃烧边界条件和高压力周期可以改进，以便其

控制和排放水平可被优化。因此，主要应用领域的废气涡轮增压是那些发动机功率密度高，必须获得结合最小排放和燃料消耗值。因此，废气涡轮增压将永远是首选，如果它能够实现技术上和以可接受的成本。

5.2基本流体力学涡轮增压器组件

本节将主要讨论基本流体力学必要了解增压设备，流动压缩机和涡轮机。它不会讨论这些问题和方法与他们的布局和优化。为此，我们参考有关文献[ 42,43 ， 81 ， 90 ] 。
5.2.1能量传递涡轮机

压缩

在flowcompressors ，压力增加thework中等发生在几个阶段的程序几乎同时。一方面，通过增加外部机械能，媒介是被迫矢量速度，即动能（更改国家1至2 ）压缩机叶轮。这是压力，然后转变为能源（更改国家的2至3 ） ，部分由减速的媒介的不同刀片渠道压缩机叶轮本身，部分下游静态扩散。增加能源和压力增加（在减速流）可以说是利用热力学第一定律的开放系统（也见均衡器。 （ 2.15 ） ，而不考虑的影响，大地测量高度） ：

（ 5.1 ）

在介绍了焓h ，重技术工作增加（或减少）由境外，并qadd的热量增加（或减少）由境外。

根据假设的绝热系统（ 1-2 ） ，以下适用于除动能重：

5.2

5.3

的压力上升流减速（ 2-3 ）以下适用于：

5.4

并与H = ü和规划/ ρ

【急】能帮忙翻译一下吗？可以的话会追加分的。万分感谢！

像这样由于工程人员道德失范、责任心不强,造成严重的生态环境污染和巨大的经济损失，我们应该警觉。技术失误和技术人员素质低,监督部门玩忽职守、以权谋私等,非但不能造福于人、造福于社会,反而会祸及人的生命安全和国家的经济利益。特别是不具备起码道德责任意识的工程人员,在利益诱惑下,无法做出负责任的选择,如工程师的蓄意撒谎欺骗、泄漏技术机密、偷工减料、弄虚作假等不诚实、不公正、牺牲工程质量换取个人利益等,是造成工程目标在实施中扭曲的关键。科学社会学奠基人之一、美国社会学家默顿把科学家的共同精神气质和伦理规范归纳为普遍主义、公有主义、无利益性、有条理的怀疑主义和独创性。后来又有人增加了谦虚、理性精神、感情中立、尊重事实、不弄虚作假、尊重他人的知识产权,等等。
不要机器翻译的，谢谢！

Like this because of engineering personnel of morality, sense of responsibility, and caused serious ecological environment pollution and huge economic losses, we should be alert. Technical errors and technical personnel quality is low, supervision departments dereliction of duty, abusing power for personal gain, not only cannot benefit the people, benefit to society, it will be harmful to people\'s life safety and the country\'s economic interests. Especially do not have at least moral responsibility consciousness of engineering staff in the profit allure, cannot make responsible choice, such as engineer of deliberate deception, leakage lie technical secrets, jerry, such as fraud dishonest, injustice, sacrifice engineering quality for personal interests etc, it is caused by engineering targets in the implementation of the key distortion. Science sociology founder, one of the American sociologists merton ? 参考技术A Like this because of engineering personnel of morality, sense of responsibility, and caused serious ecological environment pollution and huge economic losses, we should be alert. Technical errors and technical personnel quality is low, supervision departments dereliction of duty, abusing power for personal gain, not only cannot benefit the people, benefit to society, it will be harmful to people's life safety and the country's economic interests. Especially do not have at least moral responsibility consciousness of engineering staff in the profit allure, cannot make responsible choice, such as engineer of deliberate deception, leakage lie technical secrets, jerry, such as fraud dishonest, injustice, sacrifice engineering quality for personal interests etc, it is caused by engineering targets in the implementation of the key distortion. Science sociology founder, one American sociologists mertonian put scientists of the common spirit temperament and ethical norm summarized as universalism, public socialist, no interest sex, organized scepticism and ingenuity. Later someone increased modesty, rational spirit, emotional neutrality, respect facts, not deception, respect the intellectual property of others, etc