Day20-初识Ajax
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想要实现的功能:点击提交以后,让数据发到后台进行验证,但是页面不刷新。悄悄提交用Ajax.
那么返回的字符串怎么样展示到前端html页面呢?可以在HTML中写个标签,定义一个选择器。
利用$(\'#id\').text=(JSON.parse(data).error) 来赋值进而展示到页面上。
AJAX 教程
AJAX = Asynchronous javascript and XML(异步的 JavaScript 和 XML)。
AJAX 不是新的编程语言,而是一种使用现有标准的新方法。
AJAX 最大的优点是在不重新加载整个页面的情况下,可以与服务器交换数据并更新部分网页内容。
AJAX 不需要任何浏览器插件,但需要用户允许JavaScript在浏览器上执行
Ajax $--就是jquery
$.ajax({
url:\'/host\', #提交到哪里
type:"post", #以什么方式提交
data:{\'k1\':123,\'k2\':\'root\'}, #提交的内容
success:function(data){ #匿名函数,回调函数,收到客户端的回应后才会执行。
//data是服务器端返回的字符串
var obj=JSON.parse(data);
}
})
1.在host.html中先写1个标签,id="ajax_submit",增加“悄悄提交”的功能
display:inline-block是什么呢?相信大家对这个属性并不陌生,根据名字inline-block我们就可以大概猜出它是结合了inline和block两者的特性于一身,简单的说:设置了inline-block属性的元素既拥有了block元素可以设置width和height的特性,又保持了inline元素不换行的特性
2.给这个标签绑定事件
里面写明了:要提交到哪里,以什么方式提交,以及提交的内容。还有回调函数(后台返回的数据,放在data中),即:收到test_ajax客户端的回应后才会执行。如果验证成功,则刷新页面;否则,弹出1条告警信息。$--就是jquery
3.后台在views.py中写一个函数
4.增加路由条目
效果:做了验证
粘贴部分程序:
urls.py-------增加了test_ajax的路由条目
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls), url(r\'^business/\', views.business), url(r\'^host/\', views.host), url(r\'^test_ajax/\',views.test_ajax), ]
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import models
# Create your views here.
def business(request):
v1 = models.Business.objects.all()
#QuerySet类型,里面存放的是对象。[obj(id,caption,code),obj,obj]
v2 = models.Business.objects.all().values(\'id\',\'caption\')
# QuerySet类型,里面存放的是字典[{\'id\':1,\'caption\':\'运维部\'},{\'id\':1,\'caption\':\'开发部\'}..]
v3 = models.Business.objects.all().values_list(\'id\', \'caption\')
# QuerySet类型,里面存放的是元组[(1,\'运维部\'),(2,\'开发部\').....]
return render(request,\'business.html\',{\'v1\':v1,\'v2\':v2,\'v3\':v3})
# def host(request):
# v1=models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0) #nid>0,其实代表的是所有数据
# # for row in v1:
# # print(row.b)
# # print(row.b.caption,row.b.code,sep=\'\\t\')
# # return HttpResponse("Host")
# v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values(\'nid\',\'hostname\',\'b_id\',\'b__caption\')
# #QuerySet:[{}]
# for row in v2:
# print(row[\'nid\'],row[\'hostname\'],row[\'b_id\'],row[\'b__caption\'])
#
# v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list(\'nid\', \'hostname\', \'b_id\', \'b__caption\')
#
# return render(request, \'host.html\', {\'v1\': v1,\'v2\':v2,\'v3\':v3})
def host(request):
if request.method==\'GET\':
v1=models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0) #nid>0,其实代表的是所有数据
v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values(\'nid\',\'hostname\',\'b_id\',\'b__caption\')
v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list(\'nid\', \'hostname\', \'b_id\', \'b__caption\')
b_list=models.Business.objects.all()
return render(request, \'host.html\', {\'v1\': v1,\'v2\':v2,\'v3\':v3,\'b_list\':b_list})
elif request.method==\'POST\':
h=request.POST.get(\'hostname\')
i = request.POST.get(\'ip\')
p = request.POST.get(\'port\')
b = request.POST.get(\'b_id\')
models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b)
return redirect(\'/host/\')
def test_ajax(request):
h = request.POST.get(\'hostname\')
i = request.POST.get(\'ip\')
p = request.POST.get(\'port\')
b = request.POST.get(\'b_id\')
if h and len(h)>5:
models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b)
return HttpResponse(\'OK\')
else:
return HttpResponse(\'主机名太短了\')
models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Business(models.Model): #id列,是自动创建的 caption=models.CharField(max_length=32) code=models.CharField(max_length=32) class Host(models.Model): nid=models.AutoField(primary_key=True) hostname=models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True) #加上索引,可以提高查询速度 ip=models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol="ipv4",db_index=True) port=models.IntegerField() b=models.ForeignKey("Business",to_field=\'id\')
host.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .hide{ display:none; } .shade{ position:fixed; top:0; bottom:0; right:0; left:0; background:black; opacity:0.6; z-index:100; } .add-modal{ position:fixed; height:300px; width:400px; top:100px; left:50%; z-index:101; border:1px solid red; background:white; margin-left:-200px; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>主机列表(对象)-business</h1> <div> <input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加"/> </div> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>序号</th> <th>主机名</th> <th>IP</th> <th>端口</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v1%} <tr hid="{{row.nid}}" bid="{{row.b_id}}"> <td>{{forloop.counter}}</td> <td>{{row.hostname}}</td> <td>{{row.ip}}</td> <td>{{row.port}}</td> <td>{{row.b.caption}}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <h1>主机列表(字典)-business</h1> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>主机名</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v2%} <tr hid="{{row.nid}}" bid="{{row.b_id}}"> <td>{{row.hostname}}</td> <td>{{row.b__caption}}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <h1>主机列表(元组)-business</h1> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>主机名</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v3%} <tr hid="{{row.0}}" bid="{{row.2}}"> <td>{{row.1}}</td> <td>{{row.3}}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <div class="shade hide"></div> <div class="add-modal hide"> <form method="POST" action="/host/"> <div class="group"> <input id="host" type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname"/> </div> <div class="group"> <input id="ip" type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip"/> </div> <div class="group"> <input id="port" type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port"/> </div> <div class="group"> <select id="sel" name="b_id"> {% for op in b_list %} <option value="{{op.id}}">{{op.caption}}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </div> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> <a id="ajax_submit" style="display:inline-block;padding:5px;background:blue;color:white">悄悄提交</a> <input id="cancel" type="button" value="取消"/> </form> </div> <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> $(function(){ $(\'#add_host\').click(function(){ $(\'.shade,.add-modal\').removeClass(\'hide\'); }); $(\'#cancel\').click(function(){ $(\'.shade,.add-modal\').addClass(\'hide\'); }); $(\'#ajax_submit\').click(function(){ $.ajax({ url:\'/test_ajax/\', type:\'POST\', data:{\'hostname\':$(\'#host\').val(),\'ip\':$(\'#ip\').val(),\'port\':$(\'#port\').val(),\'b_id\':$(\'#sel\').val()}, success:function(data){ if(data=="OK"){location.reload()} else{alert(data);} } }) }) }) </script> </body> </html>
business.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>业务线列表(对象)-business</h1> {% for row in v1 %} <li>{{row.id}} - {{row.caption}} - {{row.code}}</li> {% endfor %} <h1>业务线列表(字典)-business</h1> {% for row in v2 %} <li>{{row.id}} - {{row.caption}}</li> {% endfor %} <h1>业务线列表(元组)-business</h1> {% for row in v3 %} <li>{{row.0}} - {{row.1}}</li> {% endfor %} </body> </html>
本节笔记
Ajax $--就是jquery $.ajax({ url:\'/host\', #提交到哪里 type:"post", #以什么方式提交 data:{\'k1\':123,\'k2\':\'root\'}, #提交的内容 success:function(data){ #匿名函数 //data是服务器端返回的字符串 var obj=JSON.parse(data); } }) 建议:永远让服务器端返回一个字典 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(字典))
修改程序,实现后台的悄悄验证
程序粘贴
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from app01 import models # Create your views here. def business(request): v1 = models.Business.objects.all() #QuerySet类型,里面存放的是对象。[obj(id,caption,code),obj,obj] v2 = models.Business.objects.all().values(\'id\',\'caption\') # QuerySet类型,里面存放的是字典[{\'id\':1,\'caption\':\'运维部\'},{\'id\':1,\'caption\':\'开发部\'}..] v3 = models.Business.objects.all().values_list(\'id\', \'caption\') # QuerySet类型,里面存放的是元组[(1,\'运维部\'),(2,\'开发部\').....] return render(request,\'business.html\',{\'v1\':v1,\'v2\':v2,\'v3\':v3}) # def host(request): # v1=models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0) #nid>0,其实代表的是所有数据 # # for row in v1: # # print(row.b) # # print(row.b.caption,row.b.code,sep=\'\\t\') # # return HttpResponse("Host") # v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values(\'nid\',\'hostname\',\'b_id\',\'b__caption\') # #QuerySet:[{}] # for row in v2: # print(row[\'nid\'],row[\'hostname\'],row[\'b_id\'],row[\'b__caption\']) # # v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list(\'nid\', \'hostname\', \'b_id\', \'b__caption\') # # return render(request, \'host.html\', {\'v1\': v1,\'v2\':v2,\'v3\':v3}) def host(request): if request.method==\'GET\': v1=models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0) #nid>0,其实代表的是所有数据 v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values(\'nid\',\'hostname\',\'b_id\',\'b__caption\') v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list(\'nid\', \'hostname\', \'b_id\', \'b__caption\') b_list=models.Business.objects.all() return render(request, \'host.html\', {\'v1\': v1,\'v2\':v2,\'v3\':v3,\'b_list\':b_list}) elif request.method==\'POST\': h=request.POST.get(\'hostname\') i = request.POST.get(\'ip\') p = request.POST.get(\'port\') b = request.POST.get(\'b_id\') models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b) return redirect(\'/host/\') def test_ajax(request): import json ret={\'status\':True,\'error\':None,\'data\':None} try: h = request.POST.get(\'hostname\') i = request.POST.get(\'ip\') p = request.POST.get(\'port\') b = request.POST.get(\'b_id\') if h and len(h)>5: models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b) else: ret[\'status\']=False ret[\'error\']=\'太短了\' except Exception as e: ret[\'status\']=False ret[\'error\']=\'请求错误\' return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
host.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .hide{ display:none; } .shade{ position:fixed; top:0; bottom:0; right:0; left:0; background:black; opacity:0.6; z-index:100; } .add-modal{ position:fixed; height:300px; width:400px; top:100px; left:50%; z-index:101; border:1px solid red; background:white; margin-left:-200px; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>主机列表(对象)-business</h1> <div> <input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加"/> </div> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>序号</th> <th>主机名</th> <th>IP</th> <th>端口</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v1%} <tr hid="{{row.nid}}" bid="{{row.b_id}}"> <td>{{forloop.counter}}</td> <td>{{row.hostname}}</td> <td>{{row.ip}}</td> <td>{{row.port}}</td> <td>{{row.b.caption}}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <h1>主机列表(字典)-business</h1> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>主机名</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v2%} <tr hid="{{row.nid}}" bid="{{row.b_id}}"> <td>{{row.hostname}}</td> <td>{{row.b__caption}}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <h1>主机列表(元组)-business</h1> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>主机名</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v3%} <tr hid="{{row.0}}" bid="{{row.2}}"> <td>{{row.1}}</td> <td>{{row.3}}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <div class="shade hide"></div> <div class="add-modal hide"> <form method="POST" action="/host/"> <div class="group"> <input id="host" type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname"/> </div> <div class="group"> <input id="ip" type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip"/> </div> <div class="group"> <input id="port" type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port"/> </div> <div class="group"> <select id="sel" name="b_id"> {% for op in b_list %} <option value="{{op.id}}">{{op.caption}}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </div> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> <a id="ajax_submit" style="display:inline-block;padding:5px;background:blue;color:white">悄悄提交</a> <input id="cancel" type="button" value="取消"/> <span id="error_msg" style="color:red"></span> </form> </div> <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> $(function(){ $(\'#add_host\').click(function(){ $(\'.shade,.add-modal\').removeClass(\'hide\'); }); $(\'#cancel\').click(function(){ $(\'.shade,.add-modal\').addClass(\'hide\'); }); $(\'#ajax_submit\').click(function(){ $.ajax({ url:\'/test_ajax/\', type:\'POST\', data:{\'hostname\':$(\'#host\').val(),\'ip\':$(\'#ip\').val(),\'port\':$(\'#port\').val(),\'b_id\':$(\'#sel\').val()}, success:function(data){ var obj=JSON.parse(data); if(obj.status){location.reload();} else{ $(\'#error_msg\').text(obj.error); } } }) }) }) </script> </body> </html>
总结:用ajax进行验证的过程:
Ajax提交的过程:
1. Ajax是写在了host.html页面中。Ajax要提交的数据(想要验证的数据)也是来自于host.html中(当然了host.html中的数据是host函数从用户端获取到的,通过render传过来的);
2. urls.py中写上对应关系。url(r\'^test_ajax/\',views.test_ajax),
3. views.py下的ajax(request):函数会拿到这个数据,然后对这个数据进行check; views.py下的ajax(request):也可以直接从views.py中拿数据进行check
4. check完了以后,会通过return HttpResponse 返回一个结果(必须是字符串格式)到host 下的Ajax中,触发Ajax中的success函数的执行。比如可以打印一句“检测通过”
1. return redirect对Ajax没有毛线用,Ajax只是发请求,整个页面是静态不会动的,哥就是不跳;所以用redirect没有用,前端也拿不到任何数据。
2. return render则是想渲染一点东西以后再返回给用户,假设返回一个HTML(其实是字符串)给用户了,那么我们的前端拿到以后,无法对它进行json.parse.要想执行json.parse,必须是形似列表或者字典的数据结构才可以。能不能用render,可以用,但是拿到它以后,用户无法对它进行进一步的操作,只能把它里面的字符串添加到host页面的某个标签下,因为无法对它进行json.parse的操作。
3. 可定制性更高的是用HttpResponse,我们可以让它返回任何数据,前端也好取。返回一个字典,然后前端想做什么就可以做什么了。可以写函数让它发生跳转。
1.在urls.py中写路由关系
url(r\'^test_ajax/\',views.test_ajax),
2.在views.py中写程序,服务器端进行判断然后给出回应。
def test_ajax(request): h = request.POST.get(\'hostname\') i = request.POST.get(\'ip\') p = request.POST.get(\'port\') b = request.POST.get(\'b_id\') if h and len(h)>5: models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b) return HttpResponse(\'OK\') else: return HttpResponse(\'主机名太短了\')
3.在host.html中写关联
<a id="ajax_submit" style="display:inline-block;padding:5px;background:blue;color:white">悄悄提交</a>
$(\'#ajax_submit\').click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:\'/test_ajax/\',
type:\'POST\',
data:{\'hostname\':$(\'#host\').val(),\'ip\':$(\'#ip\').val(),\'port\':$(\'#port\').val(),\'b_id\':$(\'#sel\').val()},
success:function(data){
//data是服务器端返回的字符串
if(data=="OK"){location.reload()}
else{alert(data);}
本节笔记:
Ajax $--就是jquery 推荐使用下面这种方法 $.ajax({ url:\'/host\', #提交到哪里 type:"post", #以什么方式提交 data:{\'k1\':123,\'k2\':\'root\'}, #提交的内容 success:function(data){ #匿名函数,回调函数,收到客户端的回应后才会执行。 //data是服务器端返回的字符串 var obj=JSON.parse(data); 转换成json对象 } }) 建议:永远让服务器端返回一个字典 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(字典)) 另外的这3种在内部调用的都是$.ajax方法。传的时候就不需要字典格式了。 $.get(url="xx",data={},success=) 指明了以type=get的方法提交 $.getJson $.post(url="xx",data={},success=) 指明了以type=post的方法提交
编辑一对多示例:增加编辑的功能
<input type="text" name="nid" style="display:none"/> 获取到编辑的是哪一行的数据,把行号获取到,不需要让用户看到。但是后台可以得到。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .hide{ display:none; } .shade{ position:fixed; top:0; bottom:0; right:0; left:0; background:black; opacity:0.6; z-index:100; } .add-modal,.edit-modal{ position:fixed; height:300px; width:400px; top:100px; left:50%; z-index:101; border:1px solid red; background:white; margin-left:-200px; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>主机列表(对象)-business</h1> <div> <input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加"/> </div> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>序号</th> <th>主机名</th> <th>IP</th> <th>端口</th> <th>业务线名称</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v1%} <tr hid="{{row.nid}}" bid="{{row.b_id}}"> <td>{{forloop.counter}}</td> <td>{{row.hostname}}</td> <td>{{row.ip}}</td> <td>{{row.port}}</td> <td>{{row.b.caption}}</td> <td> <a class="edit">编辑</a> | <a class="delete">删除</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <h1>主机列表(字典)-business</h1> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>主机名</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v2%} <tr hid="{{row.nid}}" bid="{{row.b_id}}"> <td>{{row.hostname}}</td> <td>{{row.b__caption}}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <h1>主机列表(元组)-business</h1> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>主机名</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v3%} <tr hid="{{row.0}}" bid="{{row.2}}"> <td>{{row.1}}</td> <td>{{row.3}}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <div class="shade hide"></div> <div class="add-modal hide"> <form method="POST" action="/host/"> <div class="group"> <input id="host" type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname"/> </div> <div class="group"> <input id="ip" type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip"/> </div> <div class="group"> <input id="port" type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port"/> </div> <div class="group"> <select id="sel" name="b_id"> {% for op in b_list %} <option value="{{op.id}}">{{op.caption}}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </div> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> <a id="ajax_submit" style="display:inline-block;padding:5px;background:blue;color:white">悄悄提交</a> <input id="cancel" type="button" value="取消"/> <span id="error_msg" style="color:red"></span> </form> </div> <div class="edit-modal hide"> <form id="edit_form" method="POST" action="/host/"> <input type="text" name="nid" style="display:none"/> <input type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname"/> <input type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip"/> <input type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port"/> <select name="b_id"> {% for op in b_list %} <option value="{{op.id}}">{{op.caption}}</option> {% endfor %} </select> <a id="ajax_submit_edit" style="display:inline-block;padding:5px;background:blue;color:white">确认编辑</a> </form> </div> <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> $(function(){ $(\'#add_host\').click(function(){ $(\'.shade,.add-modal\').removeClass(\'hide\'); }); $(\'#cancel\').click(function(){ $(\'.shade,.add-modal\').addClass(\'hide\'); }); $(\'#ajax_submit\').click(function(){ $.ajax({ url:\'/test_ajax/\', type:\'POST\', data:{\'hostname\':$(\'#host\').val(),\'ip\':$(\'#ip\').val(),\'port\':$(\'#port\').val(),\'b_id\':$(\'#sel\').val()}, success:function(data){ var obj=JSON.parse(data); if(obj.status){location.reload();} else{ $(\'#error_msg\').text(obj.error); } } }) }) $(\'.edit\').click(function(){ $(\'.shade,.edit-modal\').removeClass(\'hide\'); var bid=$(this).parent().parent().attr(\'bid\'); var nid=$(this).parent().parent().attr(\'hid\'); $(\'#edit_form\').find(\'select\').val(bid); $(\'#edit_form\').find(\'input[name="nid"]\').val(nid); //修改 $.ajax({ data:$(\'#edit_form\').serialize() }); //models.Host.objects.filter(nid=nid).update() }) }) </script> </body> </html>
创建多对多示例
方式1:自定义关系表(想创建多少列就写多少列)
先创建一张Application的表,再创建一张hosttoapp表,做2表之间的关联。
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
方式2:自动创建关系表,第3张表自动生成。(默认只能自动创建3列,无法加额外的数据),无法直接对第3张表进行操作。因为没有那个类。
但是可以对第3张表进行间接的操作
对第3张表进行间接操作的方法:
obj=Application.objects.get(id=1)
obj.r.add(1) //增加application=1与host=1的1条对应关系
obj.r.add(2,3,4) //增加application=1与host=2,3,4的1条对应关系
obj.r.add(*[1,2,3,4]) //增加application=1与host=[1,2,3,4]的1条对应关系
obj.r.remove(1) //删除application=1与host=1的对应关系
obj.r.remove(2,4) //删除application=1与host=2,3的对应关系
obj.r.remove(*[1,2,3]) //删除application=1与host=[1,2,3]的对应关系
obj.r.clear() //清除application=1的下面的所有的对应关系
obj.r.set([3,5,7]) //相当于update,先把存在的数据都删除,再增加1-3,1-5,1-7的对应关系。
#所有相关的主机对象‘列表’,是QuerySet类型,不是真正的列表。obj.r后面可以跟的方法与application.objects.后面可跟的方法一样。
obj.r.all() //获取,obj.r 代表的是host对象。
创建一些数据备用
通过form表单实现提交,最终的效果:
粘贴部分程序:
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls), url(r\'^business/\', views.business), url(r\'^host/\', views.host), url(r\'^test_ajax/\',views.test_ajax), url(r\'^app/\',views.app), ]
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from app01 import models # Create your views here. def business(request): v1 = models.Business.objects.all() #QuerySet类型,里面存放的是对象。[obj(id,caption,code),obj,obj] v2 = models.Business.objects.all().values(\'id\',\'caption\') # QuerySet类型,里面存放的是字典[{\'id\':1,\'caption\':\'运维部\'},{\'id\':1,\'caption\':\'开发部\'}..] v3 = models.Business.objects.all().values_list(\'id\', \'caption\') # QuerySet类型,里面存放的是元组[(1,\'运维部\'),(2,\'开发部\').....] return render(request,\'business.html\',{\'v1\':v1,\'v2\':v2,\'v3\':v3}) # def host(request): # v1=models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0) #nid>0,其实代表的是所有数据 # # for row in v1: # # print(row.b) # # print(row.b.caption,row.b.code,sep=\'\\t\') # # return HttpResponse("Host") # v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values(\'nid\',\'hostname\',\'b_id\',\'b__caption\') # #QuerySet:[{}] # for row in v2: # print(row[\'nid\'],row[\'hostname\'],row[\'b_id\'],row[\'b__caption\']) # # v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list(\'nid\', \'hostname\', \'b_id\', \'b__caption\') # # return render(request, \'host.html\', {\'v1\': v1,\'v2\':v2,\'v3\':v3}) def host(request): if request.method==\'GET\': v1=models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0) #nid>0,其实代表的是所有数据 v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values(\'nid\',\'hostname\',\'b_id\',\'b__caption\') v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list(\'nid\', \'hostname\', \'b_id\', \'b__caption\') b_list=models.Business.objects.all() return render(request, \'host.html\', {\'v1\': v1,\'v2\':v2,\'v3\':v3,\'b_list\':b_list}) elif request.method==\'POST\': h=request.POST.get(\'hostname\') i = request.POST.get(\'ip\') p = request.POST.get(\'port\') b = request.POST.get(\'b_id\') models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b) return redirect(\'/host/\') def test_ajax(request): import json ret={\'status\':True,\'error\':None,\'data\':None} try: h = request.POST.get(\'hostname\') i = request.POST.get(\'ip\') p = request.POST.get(\'port\') b = request.POST.get(\'b_id\') if h and len(h)>5: models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b) else: ret[\'status\']=False ret[\'error\']=\'太短了\' except Exception as e: ret[\'status\']=False ret[\'error\']=\'请求错误\' return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) def app(request): if request.method=="GET": app_list=models.Application.objects.all() host_list=models.Host.objects.all() #for row in app_list: # print(row.name,row.r.all()) return render(request,\'app.html\',{"app_list":app_list,"host_list":host_list}) elif request.method=="POST": app_name=request.POST.get(\'app_name\') host_list = request.POST.getlist(\'host_list\') obj=models.Application.objects.create(name=app_name) obj.r.add(*host_list) return redirect(\'/app/\')
app.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .host-tag{ display:inline-block; padding:3px; border:1px solid red; background-color:pink; } .hide{ display:none; } .shade{ position:fixed; top:0; bottom:0; right:0; left:0; background:black; opacity:0.6; z-index:100; } .add-modal,.edit-modal{ position:fixed; height:300px; width:400px; top:100px; left:50%; z-index:101; border:1px solid red; background:white; margin-left:-200px; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>应用列表</h1> <div> <input id="add_app" type="button" value="添加"/> </div> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>应用名称</th> <th>应用主机列表</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for app in app_list %} <tr> <td>{{app.name}}</td> <td> {% for host in app.r.all %} <span class="host-tag">{{host.hostname}}</span> {% endfor %} </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <div class="shade hide"></div> <div class="add-modal hide"> <form id="add_form" method="POST" action="/app/"> <div class="group"> <input id="app_name" type="text" placeholder="应用名称" name="app_name"/> </div> <div class="group"> <select id="host_list" name="host_list" multiple> {% for op in host_list %} <option value="{{op.nid}}">{{op.hostname}}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </div> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form> </div> <div class="edit-modal hide"> <form id="edit_form" method="POST" action="/host/"> <input type="text" name="nid" style="display:none"/> <input type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname"/> <input type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip"/> <input type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port"/> <select name="b_id"> {% for op in b_list %} <option value="{{op.id}}">{{op.caption}}</option> {% endfor %} </select> <a id="ajax_submit_edit" style="display:inline-block;padding:5px;background:blue;color:white">确认编辑</a> </form> </div> <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> $(function(){ $(\'#add_app\').click(function(){ $(\'.shade,.add-modal\').removeClass(\'hide\'); }); $(\'#cancel\').click(function(){ $(\'.shade,.add-modal\').addClass(\'hide\'); }); }) </script> </body> </html>
models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Business(models.Model): #id列,是自动创建的 caption=models.CharField(max_length=32) code=models.CharField(max_length=32) class Host(models.Model): nid=models.AutoField(primary_key=True) hostname=models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True) #加上索引,可以提高查询速度 ip=models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol="ipv4",db_index=True) port=models.IntegerField() b=models.ForeignKey("Business",to_field=\'id\') class Application(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32) r=models.ManyToManyField("Host") #2个业务,第3张表,维护前面2张表的关系。 # class HostToApp(models.Model): # hobj=models.ForeignKey(to=\'Host\',to_field=\'nid\') #列名hobj_id # aobj=models.ForeignKey(to=\'Application\',to_field=\'id\') #列名aobj_id
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