英语基础-介词概述

Posted 2023-03-04 aiguangyuan

介词表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分，也不能够单独使用，后面必须加名词、代词、动名词、从句等，具体用哪一个是由句子意思决定的。

1. 介词分类及用法

分类	介词	用法	举例
时间	on	具体日期：某年某月某日,星期,节日,特定的某天,具体的某天的早中晚用 on	on November 15th, 2021
			on Friday
			on Children's day
			on that day
			on Sunday morning
	in	泛指时间：年、月、世纪、四季、早中晚用 in	in 2021
			in July
			in the 21st century
			in autumn
			in the morning
		in 加 —段时间，表示 “在……以后”, 用于一般将来时	I will finish my work in 2 hours.
	at	表示具体时刻或正午用 at	at 8 o'clock
			at noon
地点	on	在…的上面用 on	on the table
			on the street
	in	在…的里面 + 大地点	in China
			in Shanghai
	at	在…的里面 + 小地点	at home
			at the airport
其他表示时间地点	before	在……之前，可以指时间、距离	I go running before work.
	after	在……之后，可以指时间、跟随	I do my homework after supper.
	for	接时间段（用完成时）	I have lived here for 2 years.
	since	接过去时间点（用完成时）	I have lived here since 1999.
	during	在……期间	He became a soldier during the war.
	until	直到，搭配：not... until...	I did not leave until my mom came back.
方式	by	by + 时间 ： 表示到….时候（为止）	I will have worked here for 2 years by next week.
			I had learnt 1000 words by last month.
		用于被动，表示：被	The house was cleaned by my sister.
		通过….的方式	He learns news words by reading books.
		在... 旁边	My father often runs by the lake.
		表程度、数量	The number of students increases by 50%.
		by + 交通工具	Mary goes to school by bike every day.
	in	语言、工具	She can introduce herself in Chinese.
	on	电子类	on the radio
			on the Internet
			on the TV
其他介词	over	在……上面 (正上方)，超过，多于	The kite is flying over the tree.
			His grandfather is over 80.
	under	在……下面(正下方)	People sit under the tree.
	above	在……上面	The kite is flying above the tree.
	below	在....下面	The temperature is below zero.
	beside	在……旁边	The boy stands beside her mother.
	behind	在... 后面	The girl sits behind her father.
	in front of	在... 前面（外部）	There is a desk in front of the teacher.
	in the front of	在….前面 （内部）	There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
	near	在…旁边	near the house
	of	…的	the development of modern science
	beyond	超出	This issue is beyond my comprehension.
	like	像	Your smile is like a rose.
	from	从…	We work from Monday to Saturday.
	to	向，朝，往，对着	I run to the shop.
	between	在两者之间	The child sleeps between his dad and mom.
	among	在三者或以上之间	A bee is flying among flowers.
	against	反对，与…相反	Our boss is against our idea.
	including	包含	Anyone can answer the question，including you.
	about	关于，大约	About this meeting，there are about 10 people .
	concerning	关于	He asked a question concerning the salary.
	across	穿过（表面）	The man goes across the street.
	through	穿过（内部）/ 通过	The thief climbed through the window.
	as	作为	As a father, he has the duty to protect his family.
	for	由于	Ming is punished for his late.
		对于	Smoking is bad for your health.
		作为（和as差不多）	This house is decorated for a library.
		为了，表目的和去向	I come here for you.
		作连词，表因果	I like you, for you are brilliant.
	with	用	I finish my homework with a pen.
		和…一起	I live with my father.
		表示“伴随”	I go to school with my bag.
		由于	with the development of science…
	without	没有	I can live without you.

2. 常见介词搭配

1. as a result  因此、结果

2. in accordance with 根据、依照

3. according to 根据

4. on the basis of 根据

5. with respect to 关于、就…而言

6. with the help of 在…的帮助下

7. at the same time  同时

8. in the meantime   同时

9. in the morning / afternoon / evening 在早上/中午/晚上

10. after all 毕竟

11. in the face of 面对…

12. in view of 考虑到… / 鉴于…

13. in the case of 至于… / 就…而言

14. on behalf of 以…的名义

15. at the thought of 一想到…

16. in fact 实际上

17. as a whole 就整体而论

18. by accident 偶然地，意外 

19. without accident 安全地

20. on the average 平均

21. take... into account 把... 考虑进去

22. consider 把 ... 考虑进去

23. at the age of 在 ….岁的时候

24. at last 最终

25. on account of 因为、由于

26. by all accounts 据说

27. from now on 从现在开始

28. from then on 从那时开始

29. in need of 需要

30.  in time 及时

31. on time 按时

32. in one’s opinion 在某人看来