js的继承

Posted 2023-02-27 饮尽杯中月

    // 构造函数继承
    // 缺点：原型链上的方法和属性没有办法继承
    function Person() 
        this.name = "person"
         this.say = function () 
             console.log('say')
         
     
     Person.prototype.run = function () 
         console.log('run')
     
     Person.prototype.hobby = '吃饭'
     function Student() 
         Person.call(this)
         this.age = 19
     

     let s1 = new Student()
   console.log(s1.hobby)

    // 原型链继承
    // 缺点：实例化原型对象的属性是引用类型的时候，数据互相受到影响
     function Person() 
         this.name = "person"
         this.arr = [1, 2]
         this.say = function () 
             console.log('say')
         
     
     Person.prototype.run = function () 
         console.log('run')
     
    Person.prototype.hobby = '吃饭'
     function Student() 
         this.age = 19
    

     Student.prototype = new Person()
     let s1 = new Student()
     let s2 = new Student()
     s1.arr.push(3)
     console.log(s1,'s1')
     console.log(s2,'s2')

构造函数继承+原型链继承

    // 组合式继承
     function Person() 
         this.name = "person"
         this.arr = [1, 2]
         this.say = function () 
            console.log('say')
         
     
     Person.prototype.run = function () 
         console.log('run')
     
     Person.prototype.hobby = '吃饭'
     function Student() 
     	 //构造函数继承
         Person.call(this)
         this.age = 19
     
	 //原型链继承
     Student.prototype = new Person()
     let s1 = new Student()
     let s2 = new Student()
     s1.arr.push(3)
     console.log(s1.hobby, 's1')
     console.log(s2, 's2')

待优化

//执行了一次Person
Student.prototype = new Person()

//由于Person.call(this)，所以new Student()又执行一次Person
let s1 = new Student()

优化方向：

1. 减少Person的执行次数

• Person和Student两个的prototype指向Person的原型对象，所以Student.prototype.constructor是Person的构造函数，所以通过new Student(),其实是通过Person的构造函数来构造实例
• 1的运行不再执行一次Person
  

2. 构造函数指向有问题,s1实例的__proto__的构造函数是Person
   

• 使得Student的构造函数指向Student

 Student.prototype.constructor = Student

• 打印p1发现p1.__proto__constructor指向Student,原因是Student.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype)使得 Person和Student两个的prototype指向一个原型，所以会相互影响，所以当执行 Student.prototype.constructor = Student的时候，也影响了Person的构造函数
  

• 将Student的原型对象和Person的原型对象放在同一条原型链上

Student.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype)

Person

let s1 = new Student

    // 组合式继承优化
    function Person() 
        this.name = "person"
        this.arr = [1, 2]
        this.say = function () 
            console.log('say')
        
    
    Person.prototype.run = function () 
        console.log('run')
    
    Person.prototype.hobby = '吃饭'
    function Student() 
        Person.call(this)
        this.age = 19
    

    Student.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype)
    Student.prototype.constructor = Student
    let p1 = new Person()
    let s1 = new Student()
    let s2 = new Student()
    s1.arr.push(3)
    console.log(s1, 's1')
    console.log(s2, 's2')
    console.log(p1, 'p1')