Canvas 1

Posted 2023-02-27 沿着路走到底

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Canvas 基础

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>canvas绘图</title>
    <style>
        #canvas
            background: antiquewhite;
        
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="700">
        不兼容
    </canvas>
    <script>
        //画布
        const canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
        // canvas.width=300;
        // canvas.height=150;
        //获取画笔
        const ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');
        // const ctx=canvas.getContext('webgl');
        //颜色
        ctx.fillStyle='red';
        //矩形
        ctx.fillRect(20,50,400,200);

    </script>
</body>
</html>

图示：

canvas绘制图形

矩形

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>矩形</title>
    <style>
        bodymargin:0;overflow: hidden
        #canvasbackground: antiquewhite;
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script>
    const canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
    canvas.width=window.innerWidth;
    canvas.height=window.innerHeight;

    //画笔
    const  ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');

    //颜色
    ctx.fillStyle='yellow';

    //描边宽度
    ctx.lineWidth=80;

    /*填充矩形方法：fillRect(x,y,w,h)*/
    ctx.fillRect(50,100,400,200);

    /*描边矩形方法：strokeRect(x,y,w,h)*/
    ctx.strokeRect(50,100,400,200);

    /*清理矩形方法：clearRect(x,y,w,h)*/
    //ctx.clearRect(50,100,400,200);

</script>
</body>
</html>

图示：

路径

直线

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>路径</title>
    <style>
        bodymargin:0;overflow: hidden
        #canvasbackground: antiquewhite;
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script>
    const canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
    canvas.width=window.innerWidth;
    canvas.height=window.innerHeight;

    //画笔
    const  ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');

    //描边宽度
    ctx.lineWidth=10;

    /*
    1.开始建立路径：beginPath()
    2.向路径集合中添加子路径：
    [
        形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
    ]
    3.显示路径：填充fill() ，描边stroke()
    */

    /*直线：lineTo(x,y); */
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(50,50);
    ctx.lineTo(400,50);
    ctx.lineTo(400,300);
    ctx.closePath();
    ctx.stroke();



</script>
</body>
</html>

图示

半径

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>路径</title>
    <style>
        bodymargin:0;overflow: hidden
        #canvasbackground: antiquewhite;
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script>
    const canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
    canvas.width=window.innerWidth;
    canvas.height=window.innerHeight;

    //画笔
    const  ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');

    //描边宽度
    ctx.lineWidth=10;

    /*
    1.开始建立路径：beginPath()
    2.向路径集合中添加子路径：
    [
        形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
    ]
    3.显示路径：填充fill() ，描边stroke()
    */

    /*arc(x,y,半径，开始弧度，结束弧度，方向)*/
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.arc(300,300,200,0,Math.PI*3/2);
    ctx.moveTo(300+200,400);
    ctx.arc(300,400,200,0,Math.PI*3/2);
    ctx.stroke();



</script>
</body>
</html>

图示

切线圆弧

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>路径</title>
    <style>
        bodymargin:0;overflow: hidden
        #canvasbackground: antiquewhite;
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script>
    const canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
    canvas.width=window.innerWidth;
    canvas.height=window.innerHeight;

    //画笔
    const  ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');

    //描边宽度
    ctx.lineWidth=10;

    /*
    1.开始建立路径：beginPath()
    2.向路径集合中添加子路径：
    [
        形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
    ]
    3.显示路径：填充fill() ，描边stroke()
    */

    /*切线圆弧：arcTo(x1,y1,x2,y2,半径)*/
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(50,50);
    ctx.lineTo(400,50);
    ctx.lineTo(400,300);
    ctx.stroke();

    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(50,50);
    ctx.arcTo(400,50,400,300,200);
    ctx.stroke();

</script>
</body>
</html>

图示

二次贝塞尔曲线

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>路径</title>
    <style>
        bodymargin:0;overflow: hidden
        #canvasbackground: antiquewhite;
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script>
    const canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
    canvas.width=window.innerWidth;
    canvas.height=window.innerHeight;

    //画笔
    const  ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');

    //描边宽度
    ctx.lineWidth=10;

    /*
    1.开始建立路径：beginPath()
    2.向路径集合中添加子路径：
    [
        形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
    ]
    3.显示路径：填充fill() ，描边stroke()
    */

    /*二次贝塞尔曲线：quadraCurverTo(cpx1,cpy1,x,y)*/
   
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(50,50);
    ctx.quadraticCurveTo(400,50,400,300);
    ctx.stroke();



</script>
</body>
</html>

图示

三次贝塞尔曲线

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>路径</title>
    <style>
        bodymargin:0;overflow: hidden
        #canvasbackground: antiquewhite;
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script>
    const canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
    canvas.width=window.innerWidth;
    canvas.height=window.innerHeight;

    //画笔
    const  ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');

    //描边宽度
    ctx.lineWidth=10;

    /*
    1.开始建立路径：beginPath()
    2.向路径集合中添加子路径：
    [
        形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
    ]
    3.显示路径：填充fill() ，描边stroke()
    */

    /*三次贝塞尔曲线：bezierCurverTo(cpx1,cpy1,cpx2,cpy2,x,y)*/
    
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(50,50);
    ctx.bezierCurveTo(500,100,400,300,700,300);
    ctx.stroke();



</script>
</body>
</html>

图示

矩形

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>路径</title>
    <style>
        bodymargin:0;overflow: hidden
        #canvasbackground: antiquewhite;
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script>
    const canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
    canvas.width=window.innerWidth;
    canvas.height=window.innerHeight;

    //画笔
    const  ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');

    //描边宽度
    ctx.lineWidth=10;

    /*
    1.开始建立路径：beginPath()
    2.向路径集合中添加子路径：
    [
        形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
        moveTo(x,y); 形状; closePath() 可选,
    ]
    3.显示路径：填充fill() ，描边stroke()
    */



    /*矩形：rect(x,y,w,h)*/
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.rect(50,50,400,200);
    ctx.rect(50,300,400,200);
    ctx.stroke();



</script>
</body>
</html>

图示

机器人

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>机器人</title>
    <style>
        bodymargin: 0;overflow: hidden;
        #canvasbackground: antiquewhite;
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="700">
    <p>浏览器不兼容canvas </p>
</canvas>
<script>
    const canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
    //canvas充满窗口
    canvas.width=window.innerWidth;
    canvas.height=window.innerHeight;
    //画笔
    const  ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');

    //绘图
    function render(color='red')
        //颜色
        ctx.fillStyle=color;

        //描边宽度
        ctx.lineWidth=40;

        //矩形
        //面部矩形
        ctx.fillRect(50,250,400,200);
        //面部轮廓
        ctx.strokeRect(50,250,400,200);
        //面部擦除
        ctx.clearRect(50,300,400,60);

        //路径
        //直线
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.moveTo(150,400);
        ctx.lineTo(350,400);
        ctx.stroke();

        //圆形
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.arc(150,330,20,0,Math.PI*2);
        ctx.fill();

        //半圆
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.arc(350,340,20,-Math.PI,0);
        ctx.fill();

        //三次贝塞尔曲线
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.moveTo(50,50);
        ctx.bezierCurveTo(150,50,150,250,250,250);
        ctx.moveTo(450,50);
        ctx.bezierCurveTo(350,50,350,250,250,250);
        ctx.stroke();
    

    let color='red';
    render(color);

    canvas.addEventListener('mousemove',function(event)
        const left,top=canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
        const x=event.clientX-left;
        const y=event.clientY-top;
        let curColor='red';
        if(x>30&&x<470&&y>230&&y<470)
            curColor='black';
        else
            curColor='red';
        
        if(color!==curColor)
            color=curColor;
            ctx.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
            render(color);
        
    )




</script>
</body>
</html>

图示

水滴

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>水滴</title>
    <style>
        htmlheight: 100%;overflow: hidden
        bodyheight: 100%;margin: 0;
        #canvas
            background: antiquewhite;
        
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script>
    const canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
    //canvas充满窗口
    canvas.width=window.innerWidth;
    canvas.height=window.innerHeight;
    //画笔
    const  ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');

    //移动变换
    ctx.translate(300,300);

    /*
    三次贝塞尔曲线：bezierCurverTo(cpx1,cpy1,cpx2,cpy2,x,y)
    圆弧：arc(x,y,半径，开始弧度，结束弧度，方向)
    */

    //开始新路径
    ctx.beginPath();

    //指定起点，建立子路径
    ctx.moveTo(0,0);

    //绘制二次贝塞尔曲线
    ctx.quadraticCurveTo(50,-50,50,-100);

    //绘制圆弧
    ctx.arc(0,-100,50,0,Math.PI,true);

    //绘制二次贝塞尔曲线
    ctx.quadraticCurveTo(-50,-50,0,0);

    //显示路径
    ctx.fill();


</script>
</body>
</html>

图示

四条边不一样矩形

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>路径</title>
    <style>
        bodymargin:0;overflow: hidden
        #canvasbackground: antiquewhite;
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
<script>
    const canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
    canvas.width=window.innerWidth;
    canvas.height=window.innerHeight;

    //画笔
    const  ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');

    //描边宽度

    const [x,y,w,h]=[50,50,400,200];
    const [x2,y2]=[x+w,y+h];
    ctx.lineCap="square";
    drawLine(x,y,x2,y,'red',10);
    drawLine(x2,y,x2,y2,'yellow',20);
    drawLine(x2,y2,x,y2,'green',30);
    drawLine(x,y2,x,y,'blue',40);

    function drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2,color,w)
        ctx.lineWidth=w;
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.moveTo(x1,y1);
        ctx.lineTo(x2,y2);
        ctx.strokeStyle=color;
        ctx.stroke();
    
</script>
</body>
</html>

图示