js 继承方式

Posted 我来吧

tags:

篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了js 继承方式相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。

前言：大多OO语言都支持两种继承方式： 接口继承和实现继承 ，而ECMAScript中无法实现接口继承，ECMAScript只支持实现继承，而且其实现继承主要是依靠 原型链 来实现。
1.原型链
基本思想：利用原型让一个引用类型继承另外一个引用类型的属性和方法。
构造函数，原型，实例之间的关系：每个构造函数都有一个原型对象，原型对象包含一个指向构造函数的指针，而实例都包含一个指向原型对象的内部指针。
原型链实现继承例子：
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16		 function SuperType() {
this.property = true;
}
SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function() {
return this.property;
}
function subType() {
this.property = false;
}
//继承了SuperType
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function (){
return this.property;
}
var instance = new SubType();
console.log(instance.getSuperValue());//true
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11		 function SuperType() {
this.colors = ["red","blue","green"];
}
function SubType() {
SuperType.call(this);//继承了SuperType
}
var instance1 = new SubType();
instance1.colors.push("black");
console.log(instance1.colors);//"red","blue","green","black"
var instance2 = new SubType();
console.log(instance2.colors);//"red","blue","green"
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26		 function SuperType(name) {
this.name = name;
this.colors = ["red","blue","green"];
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function() {
console.log(this.name);
}
function SubType(name, age) {
SuperType.call(this,name);//继承属性
this.age = age;
}
//继承方法
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
Subtype.prototype.constructor = Subtype;
Subtype.prototype.sayAge = function() {
console.log(this.age);
}
var instance1 = new SubType("EvanChen",18);
instance1.colors.push("black");
consol.log(instance1.colors);//"red","blue","green","black"
instance1.sayName();//"EvanChen"
instance1.sayAge();//18
var instance2 = new SubType("EvanChen666",20);
console.log(instance2.colors);//"red","blue","green"
instance2.sayName();//"EvanChen666"
instance2.sayAge();//20
1
2
3
4
5		 function object(o) {
function F(){}
F.prototype = o;
return new F();
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11		 var person = {
name:"EvanChen",
friends:["Shelby","Court","Van"];
};
var anotherPerson = object(person);
anotherPerson.name = "Greg";
anotherPerson.friends.push("Rob");
var yetAnotherPerson = object(person);
yetAnotherPerson.name = "Linda";
yetAnotherPerson.friends.push("Barbie");
console.log(person.friends);//"Shelby","Court","Van","Rob","Barbie"
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11		 var person = {
name:"EvanChen",
friends:["Shelby","Court","Van"];
};
var anotherPerson = Object.create(person);
anotherPerson.name = "Greg";
anotherPerson.friends.push("Rob");
var yetAnotherPerson = Object.create(person);
yetAnotherPerson.name = "Linda";
yetAnotherPerson.friends.push("Barbie");
console.log(person.friends);//"Shelby","Court","Van","Rob","Barbie"
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13		 function createAnother(original) {
var clone = object(original);
clone.sayHi = function () {
alert("hi");
};
return clone;
}
var person = {
name:"EvanChen",
friends:["Shelby","Court","Van"];
};
var anotherPerson = createAnother(person);
anotherPerson.sayHi();///"hi"
1
2
3
4
5		 function inheritProperty(subType, superType) {
var prototype = object(superType.prototype);//创建对象
prototype.constructor = subType;//增强对象
subType.prototype = prototype;//指定对象
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15		 function SuperType(name){
this.name = name;
this.colors = ["red","blue","green"];
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function (){
alert(this.name);
};
function SubType(name,age){
SuperType.call(this,name);
this.age = age;
}
inheritProperty(SubType,SuperType);
SubType.prototype.sayAge = function() {
alert(this.age);
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24		 function Parent(username){
this.username = username;
this.hello = function(){
alert(this.username);
}
}
function Child(username,password){
//通过以下3行实现将Parent的属性和方法追加到Child中，从而实现继承
//第一步：this.method是作为一个临时的属性，并且指向Parent所指向的对象，
//第二步：执行this.method方法，即执行Parent所指向的对象函数
//第三步：销毁this.method属性，即此时Child就已经拥有了Parent的所有属性和方法
this.method = Parent;
this.method(username);//最关键的一行
delete this.method;
this.password = password;
this.world = function(){
alert(this.password);
}
}
var parent = new Parent("zhangsan");
var child = new Child("lisi","123456");
parent.hello();
child.hello();
child.world();
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24		 function test(str){
alert(this.name + " " + str);
}
var object = new Object();
object.name = "zhangsan";
test.call(object,"langsin");//此时，第一个参数值object传递给了test类(即方法)中出现的this，而第二个参数"langsin"则赋值给了test类(即方法)的str
function Parent(username){
this.username = username;
this.hello = function(){
alert(this.username);
}
}
function Child(username,password){
Parent.call(this,username);
this.password = password;
this.world = function(){
alert(this.password);
}
}
var parent = new Parent("zhangsan");
var child = new Child("lisi","123456");
parent.hello();
child.hello();
child.world();
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18		 function Parent(username){
this.username = username;
this.hello = function(){
alert(this.username);
}
}
function Child(username,password){
Parent.apply(this,new Array(username));
this.password = password;
this.world = function(){
alert(this.password);
}
}
var parent = new Parent("zhangsan");
var child = new Child("lisi","123456");
parent.hello();
child.hello();
child.world();
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16		 function Person(){
}
Person.prototype.hello = "hello";
Person.prototype.sayHello = function(){
alert(this.hello);
}
function Child(){
}
Child.prototype = new Person();//这行的作用是：将Parent中将所有通过prototype追加的属性和方法都追加到Child，从而实现了继承
Child.prototype.world = "world";
Child.prototype.sayWorld = function(){
alert(this.world);
}
var c = new Child();
c.sayHello();
c.sayWorld();
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17		 function Parent(hello){
this.hello = hello;
}
Parent.prototype.sayHello = function(){
alert(this.hello);
}
function Child(hello,world){
Parent.call(this,hello);//将父类的属性继承过来
this.world = world;//新增一些属性
}
Child.prototype = new Parent();//将父类的方法继承过来
Child.prototype.sayWorld = function(){//新增一些方法
alert(this.world);
}
var c = new Child("zhangsan","lisi");
c.sayHello();
c.sayWorld();












































































































































































































































































































































































































以上是关于js 继承方式的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章

js继承之组合继承

JS面向对象组件 -- 继承的其他方式(类式继承原型继承)

JS继承以及继承的几种实现方式总结

简单通俗的方式认识js继承

JS继承的实现方式

js原型继承的几种方式