springcloud06(zuul网关)
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Zuul路由网关简介及基本使用
简介
Zuul API路由网关服务简介
请看上图,这里的API 路由网关服务 由Zuul实现,主要就是对外提供服务接口的时候,起到了请求的路由和过滤作用,也因此能够隐藏内部服务的接口细节,从来有利于保护系统的安全性;
路由配置
Zuul 路由配置
我们新建一个module microservice-zuul-3001
这里我们的zuul也注册到eureka服务里,端口3001;
找到 C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc 修改下Hosts,专门为zuul搞个本地域名映射
hosts文件 加下
127.0.0.1 zuul.cjh.com
pom.xml依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.cjh</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <artifactId>microservice-zuul-3001</artifactId> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.javaxl</groupId> <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- actuator监控 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- hystrix容错 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> <!--zuul网关--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
application.yml
server: port: 3001 context-path: / spring: application: name: microservice-zuul eureka: instance: instance-id: microservice-zuul:3001 prefer-ip-address: true client: service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka2001.cjh.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.cjh.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.cjh.com:2003/eureka/ info: groupId: com.cjh.testSpringcloud artifactId: microservice-zuul-3001 version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT userName: http://cjh.com phone: 123456
启动类加@EnableZuulProxy注解
package com.cjh.microservicezuul3001; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy; @SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class}) @EnableZuulProxy public class MicroserviceZuul3001Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceZuul3001Application.class, args); } }
我们测试下:
启动三个eureka 然后再启动下一个1001服务,以及 zuul网关服务;
http://zuul.cjh.com:3001/microservice-student/student/list 域名+端口+服务名称+请求地址 也能请求到数据;
说明我们的路由基本配置OK
Zuul路由映射配置
上面是zuul的简单使用,从接口地址很轻易的就暴露了服务提供者的唯一标识名microservice-student;有安全风险,我们需要将其隐藏;
ignored-services的作用是将原来的服务提供者唯一标识名禁用;
Prefix的作用是给服务加前缀
yml文件中添加以下配置:
zuul: routes: studentServer.serviceId: microservice-student studentServer.path: /studentServer/** ignored-services: "*" prefix: /cjh
配置完毕后可通过以下链接做测试
http://zuul.cjh.com:3001/cjh/studentServer/student/hystrix
对应的配置会出现的错误页面,这是正常现象。
Zuul请求过滤配置
比如我们登录某个系统 需要身份验证,用户名密码啥的;
我们请求服务,也可以来设置身份验证,也就是过滤非法请求;Zuul通过ZuulFilter过滤器实现;
一般具体实现的话 每次经过Zuul服务网关 我们都对带来的token进行有效性验证;
我们先定义一个 AccessFilter类:
package com.cjh.microservicezuul3001.filter; import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter; import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext; import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * @author 小李飞刀 * @site www.javaxl.com * @company * @create 2019-04-30 16:05 */ public class AccessFilter extends ZuulFilter { Logger logger=Logger.getLogger(AccessFilter.class); /** * 判断该过滤器是否要被执行 */ @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { return true; } /** * 过滤器的具体执行逻辑 */ @Override public Object run() throws ZuulException { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest(); String parameter = request.getParameter("accessToken"); System.out.println(parameter); logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 请求访问"); if(parameter==null){ logger.error("accessToken为空!"); ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false); ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401); ctx.setResponseBody("{\\"result\\":\\"accessToken is empty!\\"}"); return null; } // token判断逻辑 logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 请求成功"); return null; } /** * 过滤器的类型 这里用pre,代表会再请求被路由之前执行 */ @Override public String filterType() { return "pre"; } /** * 过滤器的执行顺序 */ @Override public int filterOrder() { return 0; } }
然后再开启下 Filter配置:
package com.cjh.microservicezuul3001.config; import com.cjh.microservicezuul3001.filter.AccessFilter; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class ZuulConfig { @Bean public AccessFilter accessFilter(){ return new AccessFilter(); } }
浏览器输入地址进行测试
http://zuul.cjh.com:3001/microservice-student/student/hystrix
http://zuul.cjh.com:3001/cjh/studentServer/student/hystrix?accessToken=
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