springcloud06(zuul网关)

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Zuul路由网关简介及基本使用

简介

Zuul API路由网关服务简介

请看上图,这里的API 路由网关服务 由Zuul实现,主要就是对外提供服务接口的时候,起到了请求的路由和过滤作用,也因此能够隐藏内部服务的接口细节,从来有利于保护系统的安全性;

路由配置

Zuul 路由配置

我们新建一个module  microservice-zuul-3001

这里我们的zuul也注册到eureka服务里,端口3001;

找到 C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc  修改下Hosts,专门为zuul搞个本地域名映射 

hosts文件 加下

127.0.0.1  zuul.cjh.com

pom.xml依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.cjh</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>


    <artifactId>microservice-zuul-3001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.javaxl</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- actuator监控 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hystrix容错 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--zuul网关-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml 

server:
  port: 3001
  context-path: /
spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-zuul
eureka:
  instance:
    instance-id: microservice-zuul:3001
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.cjh.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.cjh.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.cjh.com:2003/eureka/
info:
  groupId: com.cjh.testSpringcloud
  artifactId: microservice-zuul-3001
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://cjh.com
  phone: 123456

启动类加@EnableZuulProxy注解

package com.cjh.microservicezuul3001;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
@EnableZuulProxy

public class MicroserviceZuul3001Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceZuul3001Application.class, args);
    }

}

我们测试下:

启动三个eureka 然后再启动下一个1001服务,以及 zuul网关服务;

http://zuul.cjh.com:3001/microservice-student/student/list  域名+端口+服务名称+请求地址 也能请求到数据;

说明我们的路由基本配置OK

Zuul路由映射配置

上面是zuul的简单使用,从接口地址很轻易的就暴露了服务提供者的唯一标识名microservice-student;有安全风险,我们需要将其隐藏;

ignored-services的作用是将原来的服务提供者唯一标识名禁用;

Prefix的作用是给服务加前缀

yml文件中添加以下配置:

zuul:
  routes:
    studentServer.serviceId: microservice-student
    studentServer.path: /studentServer/**
  ignored-services: "*"
  prefix: /cjh

 

配置完毕后可通过以下链接做测试

http://zuul.cjh.com:3001/cjh/studentServer/student/hystrix

对应的配置会出现的错误页面,这是正常现象。

Zuul请求过滤配置

比如我们登录某个系统 需要身份验证,用户名密码啥的;

我们请求服务,也可以来设置身份验证,也就是过滤非法请求;Zuul通过ZuulFilter过滤器实现;

一般具体实现的话 每次经过Zuul服务网关 我们都对带来的token进行有效性验证;

我们先定义一个 AccessFilter类:

    package com.cjh.microservicezuul3001.filter;
    
    import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
    import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
    import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
    import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    
    /**
     * @author 小李飞刀
     * @site www.javaxl.com
     * @company
     * @create  2019-04-30 16:05
     */
    public class AccessFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    
        Logger logger=Logger.getLogger(AccessFilter.class);
    
        /**
         * 判断该过滤器是否要被执行
         */
        @Override
        public boolean shouldFilter() {
            return true;
        }
    
        /**
         * 过滤器的具体执行逻辑
         */
        @Override
        public Object run() throws ZuulException {
            RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
            HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
            String parameter = request.getParameter("accessToken");
            System.out.println(parameter);
            logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 请求访问");
            if(parameter==null){
                logger.error("accessToken为空!");
                ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
                ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
                ctx.setResponseBody("{\\"result\\":\\"accessToken is empty!\\"}");
                return null;
            }
            //  token判断逻辑
            logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 请求成功");
            return null;
        }
    
        /**
         * 过滤器的类型 这里用pre,代表会再请求被路由之前执行
         */
        @Override
        public String filterType() {
            return "pre";
        }
    
        /**
         * 过滤器的执行顺序
         */
        @Override
        public int filterOrder() {
            return 0;
        }
    
    }

然后再开启下 Filter配置:

package com.cjh.microservicezuul3001.config;


import com.cjh.microservicezuul3001.filter.AccessFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class ZuulConfig {

    @Bean
    public AccessFilter accessFilter(){
        return new AccessFilter();
    }
}

 

浏览器输入地址进行测试

http://zuul.cjh.com:3001/microservice-student/student/hystrix

http://zuul.cjh.com:3001/cjh/studentServer/student/hystrix?accessToken=

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