喵星之旅-狂奔的兔子-rabbitmq的java客户端使用入门

Posted 2021-03-07 喵星兔

一、简介

RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议（AMQP）的开源消息代理软件（亦称面向消息的中间件）。

消息队列都涉及的生产者消费者模型，不做详解，本文只作为快速使用的参考文档。

消息队列主要有点对点和发布订阅模式。

其主要用途是异步、削峰，充当一个缓存的作用。只有可以异步处理时才可以使用消息队列。

官方参考文档地址：

https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html

需要添加jar包：

amqp-client-3.5.6.jar hamcrest-core-1.3.jar

本文jdk版本1.8。

二、直接使用队列

1、简单队列

特点是生产者消费者一一对应。

生产者一般效率很高，生产者很低，所以一一对应是不对的。所以这个一般不使用。

其结构如图所示：

 

先创建一个工具类：

package com.bunny.rabbit;
/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 * 连接工具类
 */

import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class LianjieGongjulei {
    public static final String SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME = "simplequeue";
    public static final String WORK_QUEUE_NAME = "workqueue";
    public static final String PUBSUB_EXCHANGE_NAME = "pubsubexchange";
    public static final String ROUTING_EXCHANGE_NAME = "routingexchange";
    public static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME = "topicexchange";
    public static final String PUBSUB_QUEUE_NAME1 = "pubsubqueue1";
    public static final String PUBSUB_QUEUE_NAME2 = "pubsubqueue2";
    public static final String ROUTING_QUEUE_NAME1 = "routingqueue1";
    public static final String ROUTING_QUEUE_NAME2 = "routingqueue2";
    public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_NAME1 = "topicqueue1";
    public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_NAME2 = "topicqueue2";
    
    public static Connection getConnection() {
        try {
            ConnectionFactory cf = new ConnectionFactory();
            cf.setHost("127.0.0.1");
            cf.setPort(5672);
            cf.setVirtualHost("/mybunny");
            cf.setUsername("bunny");
            cf.setPassword("bunny");
            return cf.newConnection();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

}

生产者：

package com.bunny.rabbit.simple;

import java.io.IOException;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *  简单队列生产者
 */
public class Shengchanzhe {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        //如果已经存在，可以不声明，声明的话也没错。所以不管是否存在都可以声明。
        ch.queueDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);

        String mes = "Hello Kitty!";
        ch.basicPublish("", LianjieGongjulei.SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME, null, mes.getBytes());
        System.out.println(" bunny Sent \'" + mes + "\'");

        ch.close();
        c.close();

    }
}

消费者：

package com.bunny.rabbit.simple;

import java.io.IOException;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。 
 * 简单队列消费者
 */
public class Xiaofeizhe {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        //如果已经存在，可以不声明，声明的话也没错。所以不管是否存在都可以声明。
        ch.queueDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);

        // 定义消费者
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(ch);
        ch.basicConsume(LianjieGongjulei.SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);

        // 获取消息
        while (true) {
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(" bunny Received \'" + message + "\'");
        }

    }
}

 

2、work队列

手工确认则会按照消费端的能力进行分发（公平分发），否则是按照生产者的规则分发（轮询）。

一个消费者队列可以有多个消费者实例，只有其中一个消费者实例会消费。

如图所示：

生产者：

 

package com.bunny.rabbit.work;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;

/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *
 */
public class Shengchanzhe {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        ch.queueDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++, Thread.sleep(100)) {
            String mes = "kitty" + i;
            ch.basicPublish("", LianjieGongjulei.WORK_QUEUE_NAME, null, mes.getBytes());
            System.out.println(" bunny Sent \'" + mes + "\'");
        }
        ch.close();
        c.close();
    }
}

 

消费者1：

 

package com.bunny.rabbit.work;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *
 */
public class Xiaofeizhe1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        ch.queueDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);

        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(ch);
        // 监听队列，false表示手动返回完成状态，true表示自动
        ch.basicConsume(LianjieGongjulei.WORK_QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);

        while (true) {
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(" kitty Received \'" + message + "\'");
            Thread.sleep(100);

        }

    }
}

 

消费者2：

 

package com.bunny.rabbit.work;

import java.io.IOException;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *
 */
public class Xiaofeizhe2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        ch.queueDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);

        //手工确认用
        ch.basicQos(1);

        // 定义队列的消费者
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(ch);
        // 监听队列，false表示手动返回完成状态，true表示自动
        ch.basicConsume(LianjieGongjulei.WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);

        while (true) {
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(" bunny Received \'" + message + "\'");

            Thread.sleep(100);
            // 表示手动返回完成状态,如果没有下面的一行，将只能获取到上面ch.basicQos(1)里面写的数量
            ch.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }

    }
}

 

 

三、通过交换机

1、发布订阅

1个生产者，多个消费者。

每一个消费者都有自己的一个队列。

生产者没有将消息直接发送到队列，而是发送到了交换机。

每个队列都要绑定到交换机。

生产者发送的消息，经过交换机，到达队列，实现一个消息被多个消费者获取的目的。

消息发送到没有队列绑定的交换机时，消息将丢失，因为，交换机没有存储消息的能力，消息只能存在在队列中。

如图：

 

生产者：

package com.bunny.rabbit.pubsub;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *
 */
public class Fabuzhe {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        //交换器的类型，常见的有direct,fanout,topic等，其中“fanout”是发布订阅
        ch.exchangeDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.PUBSUB_EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
        String mes = "发布订阅信息";
        ch.basicPublish(LianjieGongjulei.PUBSUB_EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, mes.getBytes());
        System.out.println(" pubsub Sent \'" + mes + "\'");
        ch.close();
        c.close();
    
    }
 
}

消费者1：

package com.bunny.rabbit.pubsub;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *
 */
public class Dingyuezhe1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        ch.queueDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.PUBSUB_QUEUE_NAME1, false, false, false, null);

        // 绑定队列到交换机
        ch.queueBind(LianjieGongjulei.PUBSUB_QUEUE_NAME1, LianjieGongjulei.PUBSUB_EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
        
        // 监听队列，手动返回完成
        ch.basicQos(1);
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(ch);
        // 监听队列，手动返回完成
        ch.basicConsume(LianjieGongjulei.PUBSUB_QUEUE_NAME1, false, consumer);

        while (true) {
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String mes = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(" 订阅者1  Received \'" + mes + "\'");
            Thread.sleep(100);
            // 监听队列，手动返回完成
            ch.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }

    }
}

消费者2：

package com.bunny.rabbit.pubsub;

import java.io.IOException;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *
 */
public class Dingyuezhe2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        ch.queueDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.PUBSUB_QUEUE_NAME2, false, false, false, null);

        // 绑定队列到交换机
        ch.queueBind(LianjieGongjulei.PUBSUB_QUEUE_NAME2, LianjieGongjulei.PUBSUB_EXCHANGE_NAME, "");

        // 监听队列，手动返回完成
        ch.basicQos(1);
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(ch);
        // 监听队列，手动返回完成
        ch.basicConsume(LianjieGongjulei.PUBSUB_QUEUE_NAME2, false, consumer);

        while (true) {
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String mes = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(" 订阅者2  Received \'" + mes + "\'");
            Thread.sleep(100);
            // 监听队列，手动返回完成
            ch.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }

    }
}

 

2、路由模式

在前面基础上，改变交换机类型，添加key信息。

如图：

生产者：

package com.bunny.rabbit.routing;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *
 */
public class Fabuzhe {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        //交换器的类型，常见的有direct,fanout,topic等，其中“direct”是路由
        ch.exchangeDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
        String mes1 = "路由直连信息1";
        String mes2 = "路由直连信息2";
        //第二个参数是消息key用于路由用
        ch.basicPublish(LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_EXCHANGE_NAME, "meskey1", null, mes1.getBytes());
        ch.basicPublish(LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_EXCHANGE_NAME, "meskey2", null, mes2.getBytes());
        System.out.println(" pubsub Sent \'" + mes1 + "\'");
        System.out.println(" pubsub Sent \'" + mes2 + "\'");
        ch.close();
        c.close();
    
    }
 
}

消费者1：

package com.bunny.rabbit.routing;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *
 */
public class Dingyuezhe1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        ch.queueDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_QUEUE_NAME1, false, false, false, null);

        // 绑定队列到交换机，第三个参数是key
        ch.queueBind(LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_QUEUE_NAME1, LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_EXCHANGE_NAME, "meskey1");
        ch.queueBind(LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_QUEUE_NAME1, LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_EXCHANGE_NAME, "meskey2");
        
        // 监听队列，手动返回完成
        ch.basicQos(1);
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(ch);
        // 监听队列，手动返回完成
        ch.basicConsume(LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_QUEUE_NAME1, false, consumer);

        while (true) {
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String mes = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(" 订阅者1  Received \'" + mes + "\'");
            Thread.sleep(100);
            // 监听队列，手动返回完成
            ch.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }

    }
}

消费者2：

package com.bunny.rabbit.routing;

import java.io.IOException;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *
 */
public class Dingyuezhe2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        ch.queueDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_QUEUE_NAME2, false, false, false, null);

        // 绑定队列到交换机
        ch.queueBind(LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_QUEUE_NAME2, LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_EXCHANGE_NAME, "meskey1");

        // 监听队列，手动返回完成
        ch.basicQos(1);
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(ch);
        // 监听队列，手动返回完成
        ch.basicConsume(LianjieGongjulei.ROUTING_QUEUE_NAME2, false, consumer);

        while (true) {
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String mes = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(" 订阅者2  Received \'" + mes + "\'");
            Thread.sleep(100);
            // 监听队列，手动返回完成
            ch.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }

    }
}

 

3、主题模式

在路由基础上，模糊匹配。至于匹配规则，简单来说就是*代表一个单词，#代表多个单词。单词指的是字符串被“.”分割的部分。可以实际操作之后观察结果。

 如图：

生产者：

package com.bunny.rabbit.topic;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *
 */
public class Fabuzhe {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        //交换器的类型，常见的有direct,fanout,topic等，其中“direct”是路由
        ch.exchangeDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
        String mes1 = "主题信息1";
        String mes2 = "主题信息2";
        String mes3 = "主题信息3";
        String mes4 = "主题信息4";
        //第二个参数是消息key用于路由用
        ch.basicPublish(LianjieGongjulei.TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "mes.key.bunny", null, mes1.getBytes());
        ch.basicPublish(LianjieGongjulei.TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "bunny", null, mes2.getBytes());
        ch.basicPublish(LianjieGongjulei.TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "mes", null, mes3.getBytes());
        ch.basicPublish(LianjieGongjulei.TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.ee", null, mes4.getBytes());
        System.out.println(" topic Sent \'" + mes1 + "\'");
        System.out.println(" topic Sent \'" + mes2 + "\'");
        System.out.println(" topic Sent \'" + mes3 + "\'");
        System.out.println(" topic Sent \'" + mes4 + "\'");
        ch.close();
        c.close();
    
    }
 
}

消费者1：

package com.bunny.rabbit.topic;

import com.bunny.rabbit.LianjieGongjulei;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
/**
 * 
 * @author bunny～～我是兔子我会喵，我叫喵星兔。
 *
 */
public class Dingyuezhe1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection c = LianjieGongjulei.getConnection();
        Channel ch = c.createChannel();
        ch.queueDeclare(LianjieGongjulei.TOPIC_QUEUE_NAME1, false, false, false, null);

        // 绑定队列到交换机，第三个参数是key
        ch.queueBind(LianjieGongjulei.TOPIC_QUEUE_NAME1, LianjieGongjulei.TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "*");
        ch.queueBind(LianjieGongjulei.TOPIC_QUEUE_NAME1, LianjieGongjulei.TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "mes.#");
        
        // 监听队列，手动返回完成
        ch.basicQos(1);
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(ch);
        // 监听队列，手动返回完成
        ch.basicConsume(LianjieGongjulei.TOPIC_QUEUE_NAME1, false, consumer);

        while (true) {
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String mes = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(" 订阅者1  Received \'" + mes + "\'");
            Thread.sleep(100);
            // 监听队列，手动返回完成
            ch.basicAck(deliver
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