2020-03-17 20:18:50springboot整合rabbitmq

Posted 2021-03-05 lxw-all

1、理论知识

rabbitmq交换机的类型：

direct：消息中的路由键（routing key）如果和 Binding 中的 bindingkey 一致， 交换器就将消息发到对应的队列中。它是完全匹配、单播的模式。

fanout：每个发到 fanout 类型交换器的消息都会分到所有绑定的队列上去。fanout 类型转发消息是最快的。广播形式

topic：topic 交换器通过模式匹配分配消息的路由键属性，将路由键和某个模式进行匹配，此时队列需要绑定到一个模式上。它同样也会识别两个通配符：符号“#”和符号“*”。#匹配0个或多个单词，*匹配一个单词。

headers：headers 匹配 AMQP 消息的 header而不是路由键， headers 交换器和 direct 交换器完全一致，但性能差很多，目前几乎用不到了

 

AMQP运行机制：

AMQP 中消息的路由过程和 Java 开发者熟悉的 JMS 存在一些差别，AMQP 中增加了Exchange 和 Binding 的角色。生产者把消息发布到 Exchange 上，消息最终到达队列并被消费者接收，而 Binding 决定交换器的消息应该发送到那个队列。

 

rabbitmq服务端默认端口：5672，web浏览器查看端口：15672

整合代码：

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.study.springboot</groupId>
    <artifactId>amqp-study</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>amqp-study</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

yml

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost#主机地址
    password: guest#用户名
    username: guest#密码

主启动类

package com.study.springboot.amqp;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.EnableRabbit;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@EnableRabbit
@SpringBootApplication
public class AmqpStudyApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AmqpStudyApplication.class, args);
    }

}

监听接受消息的代码：

当接受消息的队列一致，类型为Message时，会将其他类型覆盖，即其他类型的方法不执行

package com.study.springboot.amqp.service;


import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.Map;

@Service
public class MessageService {

    @RabbitListener(queues = "amqp.study")
    public void receiveMap(Map map){
        System.out.println("收到的消息："+map);
    }

    /*@RabbitListener(queues = "amqp.study")
    public void receiveMessage(Message message){
        System.out.println("收到的消息体："+message.getBody());
        System.out.println("收到的消息MessageProperties："+message.getMessageProperties());
    }*/
}

自定义消息解析器：将消息转为json形式

package com.study.springboot.amqp.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class MyAMQPConfig {

    @Bean
    public MessageConverter messageConverter(){
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }
}

测试代码：

package com.study.springboot.amqp;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@SpringBootTest
class AmqpStudyApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
    }

    @Test
    public void createEv(){
        //创建交换机
        amqpAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("amqp.study"));
        //创建队列
        amqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("amqp.study"));

        //建立绑定关系
        amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("amqp.study",Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"amqp.study","amqp.study",null));
    }

    @Test
    public void send(){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("msg","studymsg");
        map.put("data", Arrays.asList("你好","(*^_^*)", "/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~"));

        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("amqp.study","amqp.study",map);
    }

    @Test
    public void receive(){
        Object o = rabbitTemplate.receiveAndConvert("amqp.study");
        System.out.println(o.getClass());
        System.out.println(o);
    }



}