java rsa 解密报:javax.crypto.BadPaddingException: Decryption error

Posted 2021-01-31 星朝

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Exception in thread "main" javax.crypto.BadPaddingException: Decryption error
   at sun.security.rsa.RSAPadding.unpadV15(RSAPadding.java:380)
   at sun.security.rsa.RSAPadding.unpad(RSAPadding.java:291)
   at com.sun.crypto.provider.RSACipher.doFinal(RSACipher.java:356)
   at com.sun.crypto.provider.RSACipher.engineDoFinal(RSACipher.java:389)
   at javax.crypto.Cipher.doFinal(Cipher.java:2223)
   at com.asymmetric.rsa.TestRSA.testDecrypt(TestRSA.java:115)

at com.asymmetric.rsa.TestRSA.main(TestRSA.java:34)

简单解释:

字面意思就是解密的时候填充错误,rsa 加解密都是把数据必须满足一定的长度,如果不满足就要进行填充(一般是补0)直到满足特定的长度

测试代码


package com.asymmetric.rsa;
 
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
 
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
 
 
 
public class TestRSA {
 
    public static String publicKey = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDQgEoj3z9JrdPNI23DbMQkl3gkGuDke7iBr5yrYyqolkTyxuBLWFwHNuGv4VKOj9fXg61QxpaJ/fxDBvMvmkBSRowHBloGFceVTx8wV/8u0DcjvTCu0IZ1zp6wjG6xBn5j66Sg/q+9hvaY2p7fkKmsvcW6VoNPgQHU1Cf01DLZmQIDAQAB+oXcINOiE3AsuZ4VJmwNZg9Y/7fY+OFRS2JAh5YMsrv2qyoGP+Z9ksre26NYR+Lt91B2lhdwJHLpQpziaANZm/ONb31fj/lwIDAQAB";
 public static String privateKey = "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";
  
    private static String algorithm = "RSA"; //$NON-NLS-1$
   private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;
  private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;
  private static String data = "test jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihg"; //$NON-NLS-1$
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IOException {
     String test = testEncrypt(privateKey,data);
     String testDecrypt = testDecrypt(publicKey, test);
      System.out.println(testDecrypt);
        
    }
   
 
   /**
   * 加密
  * @param key
     * @param data
    * @return
    * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
   * @throws InvalidKeySpecException
    * @throws NoSuchPaddingException
     * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
  * @throws BadPaddingException
    * @throws InvalidKeyException
    * @throws IOException 
   */
  public static String testEncrypt(String key,String data) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IOException{
      byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
      PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decode);
        KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
      PrivateKey generatePrivate = kf.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);
       Cipher ci = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
      ci.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, generatePrivate);
      
        byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
       int inputLen = bytes.length;
      int offLen = 0;//偏移量
       int i = 0;
       ByteArrayOutputStream bops = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     while(inputLen - offLen > 0){
         byte [] cache;
            if(inputLen - offLen > 117){
              cache = ci.doFinal(bytes, offLen,117);
         }else{
                cache = ci.doFinal(bytes, offLen,inputLen - offLen);
            }
           bops.write(cache);
          i++;
            offLen = 117 * i;
      }
       bops.close();
       byte[] encryptedData = bops.toByteArray();
        String encodeToString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedData);
      return encodeToString;
    }
   
 
 
  
    /**
   * 解密
  * @param key
     * @param data
    * @return
    * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
   * @throws InvalidKeyException 
   * @throws NoSuchPaddingException 
    * @throws InvalidKeySpecException 
   * @throws BadPaddingException 
   * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException 
     * @throws IOException 
   */
  public static String testDecrypt(String key,String data) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeySpecException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, IOException{
     byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
//        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decode); //java底层 RSA公钥只支持X509EncodedKeySpec这种格式
      X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(decode);
      KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
     PublicKey generatePublic = kf.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);
      Cipher ci = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
     ci.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,generatePublic);
       
       int inputLen = data.getBytes().length;
       byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
      int offLen = 0;
     int i = 0;
      ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
       while(inputLen - offLen > 0){
            byte[] cache;
            if(inputLen - offLen > 128){
             cache = ci.doFinal(bytes,offLen,128); 
            }else{
               cache = ci.doFinal(bytes,offLen,inputLen - offLen);
            }
          byteArrayOutputStream.write(cache);
            i++;
           offLen = 128 * i;
         
       }
      byteArrayOutputStream.close();
     byte[] byteArray = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
      return new String(byteArray);
  }
  
   
   
}

问题点:

后来发现确实是我自己的错误,rsa 加密后返回的字符串使用Base64编码的,忘了解密直接getBytes()就出错了

api 指出:BadPaddingException - 如果此 Cipher 为解密模式，并且未请求填充（或不填充），但解密的数据没有用适当的填充字节进行限制

只要是cipher.doFinal()解密时报 BadPaddingException 肯定是传入的字节数组有问题,传的不是加密时生成的数组

修正后的代码:


package com.asymmetric.rsa;
 
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
 
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
 
 
 
public class TestRSA {
    
    public static String publicKey = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDQgEoj3z9JrdPNI23DbMQkl3gkGuDke7iBr5yrYyqolkTyxuBLWFwHNuGv4VKOj9fXg61QxpaJ/fxDBvMvmkBSRowHBloGFceVTx8wV/8u0DcjvTCu0IZ1zp6wjG6xBn5j66Sg/q+9hvaY2p7fkKmsvcW6VoNPgQHU1Cf01DLZmQIDAQAB+oXcINOiE3AsuZ4VJmwNZg9Y/7fY+OFRS2JAh5YMsrv2qyoGP+Z9ksre26NYR+Lt91B2lhdwJHLpQpziaANZm/ONb31fj/lwIDAQAB";
 public static String privateKey = "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";
  
    private static String algorithm = "RSA"; //$NON-NLS-1$
   private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;
  private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;
  private static String data = "test jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihg"; //$NON-NLS-1$
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IOException {
     String test = testEncrypt(privateKey,data);
     String testDecrypt = testDecrypt(publicKey, test);
      System.out.println(testDecrypt);
        
    }
   
 
   /**
   * 加密
  * @param key
     * @param data
    * @return
    * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
   * @throws InvalidKeySpecException
    * @throws NoSuchPaddingException
     * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
  * @throws BadPaddingException
    * @throws InvalidKeyException
    * @throws IOException 
   */
  public static String testEncrypt(String key,String data) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IOException{
      byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
      PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decode);
        KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
      PrivateKey generatePrivate = kf.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);
       Cipher ci = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
      ci.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, generatePrivate);
      
        byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
       int inputLen = bytes.length;
      int offLen = 0;//偏移量
       int i = 0;
       ByteArrayOutputStream bops = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     while(inputLen - offLen > 0){
         byte [] cache;
            if(inputLen - offLen > 117){
              cache = ci.doFinal(bytes, offLen,117);
         }else{
                cache = ci.doFinal(bytes, offLen,inputLen - offLen);
            }
           bops.write(cache);
          i++;
            offLen = 117 * i;
      }
       bops.close();
       byte[] encryptedData = bops.toByteArray();
        String encodeToString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedData);
      return encodeToString;
    }
   
 
 
  
    /**
   * 解密
  * @param key
     * @param data
    * @return
    * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
   * @throws InvalidKeyException 
   * @throws NoSuchPaddingException 
    * @throws InvalidKeySpecException 
   * @throws BadPaddingException 
   * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException 
     * @throws IOException 
   */
  public static String testDecrypt(String key,String data) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeySpecException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, IOException{
     byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
//        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decode); //java底层 RSA公钥只支持X509EncodedKeySpec这种格式
      X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(decode);
      KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
     PublicKey generatePublic = kf.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);
      Cipher ci = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
     ci.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,generatePublic);
       
       byte[] bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(data);
     int inputLen = bytes.length;
     int offLen = 0;
     int i = 0;
      ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
       while(inputLen - offLen > 0){
            byte[] cache;
            if(inputLen - offLen > 128){
             cache = ci.doFinal(bytes,offLen,128); 
            }else{
               cache = ci.doFinal(bytes,offLen,inputLen - offLen);
            }
          byteArrayOutputStream.write(cache);
            i++;
           offLen = 128 * i;
         
       }
      byteArrayOutputStream.close();
     byte[] byteArray = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
      return new String(byteArray);
  }
  
   
   
}

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