在Spring Bean的生命周期中各方法的执行顺序

Posted Hibbert

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Spring 容器中的 Bean 是有生命周期的,Spring 允许在 Bean 在初始化完成后以及 Bean 销毁前执行特定的操作,常用的设定方式有以下十种:

  1. 通过实现 InitializingBean 接口来定制初始化之后的操作方法;
  2. 通过实现DisposableBean 接口来定制销毁之前的操作方法;
  3. 通过元素的 init-method属性指定初始化之后调用的操作方法;
  4. 通过元素的 destroy-method属性指定销毁之前调用的操作方法;
  5. 在指定方法上加上 @PostConstruct 注解来制定该方法是在初始化之后调用;
  6. 在指定方法上加上 @PreDestroy 注解来制定该方法是在销毁之前调用;
  7. 实现BeanNameAware接口设置Bean的ID或者Name;
  8. 实现BeanFactoryAware接口设置BeanFactory;
  9. 实现ApplicationContextAware接口设置ApplicationContext;
  10. 注册实现了BeanPostProcessor的Bean后处理器,通过postProcessBeforeInitialization和postProcessAfterInitialization 方法对初始化的Bean进行自定义处理;

那么这十种方式所定义方法执的行顺序是什么?
鄙人经过大量的代码实验得到了一些结果记录下来,以供用到时查阅。

初始化过程中各方法的执行顺序如下:

  1. 调用构造器 Bean.constructor,进行实例化;
  2. 调用 Setter 方法,设置属性值;
  3. 调用 BeanNameAware.setBeanName,设置Bean的ID或者Name;
  4. 调用 BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory,设置BeanFactory;
  5. 调用 ApplicationContextAware.setApplicationContext,置ApplicationContext;
  6. 调用BeanPostProcessor的预先初始化方法,如下:
    BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessBeforeInitialization
    BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessBeforeInitialization
    BeanPostProcessor3.postProcessBeforeInitialization
    ……
  7. 调用由 @PostConstruct 注解的方法;
  8. 调用 InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet;
  9. 调用 Bean.init-mehod 初始化方法;
  10. 调用BeanPostProcessor的后初始化方法,如下:
    BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessAfterInitialization
    BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessAfterInitialization
    BeanPostProcessor3.postProcessAfterInitialization
    ……

容器关闭时,Bean销毁过程中各方法的执行顺序如下:

  1. 调用由 @PreDestroy 注解的方法
  2. 调用DisposableBean的destroy();
  3. 调用定制的destroy-method方法;

实验代码如下:

文件 bean.xml 的代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       "
       default-init-method="init_method" default-destroy-method="destroy_method">
  <context:component-scan   base-package="spring" />
  <bean class="spring.InitHelloWorld2"/>
  <bean class="spring.InitHelloWorld"/>
  <bean id="hello" class="spring.Hello1" >
    <property name="message" value="ccccccccc"/>
  </bean>
</beans>

文件 Hello1.java 的代码如下:

package spring;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.*;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;    
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;     
public class Hello1 implements InitializingBean, BeanNameAware,BeanFactoryAware,ApplicationContextAware,DisposableBean{
  private String message;      
  public String getMessage(){
    return message;
  }      
  public void setMessage(String message){
    System.out.println("Hello1 setMessage");
    this.message = message;
  }      
  public Hello1(){
    System.out.println("Hello1 构造器");
  }      
  public void hello(){
    System.out.println("Hello1 我是:" + message);
  }      
  public void init_method(){
    System.out.println("Hello1 init-method ");
  }    
  @PostConstruct
  public void postConstruct(){
    System.out.println("Hello1 @PostConstruct");
  }      
  @Override
  public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception{
    System.out.println("Hello1 InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet");
  }      
  @Override
  public void setBeanName(String s){
    System.out.println("Hello1 setBeanName " + s);
  }      
  @Override
  public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException{
    System.out.println("Hello1 setBeanFactory " );
  }      
  @Override
  public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException{      
    System.out.println("Hello1 setApplicationContext " );
  }      
  @Override
  public void destroy() throws Exception{
    System.out.println("Hello1 DisposableBean.destroy " );
  }      
  public void destroy_method() throws Exception{
    System.out.println("Hello1 destroy-method " );
  }      
  @PreDestroy
  public void preDestroy() throws Exception{
    System.out.println("Hello1 @PreDestroy " );
  }
}

文件 InitHelloWord.java 的代码如下:

package spring;    
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;    
public class InitHelloWorld implements BeanPostProcessor,Ordered{
  @Override
  public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException{
    System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessBeforeInitialization:" + s);
    return o;
  }      
  @Override
  public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException{
    System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessAfterInitialization:" + s);
    return o;
  }      
  @Override
  public int getOrder(){
    return 10;
  }
}

文件 InitHelloWord2.java 的代码如下:

package spring;    
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
public class InitHelloWorld2 implements BeanPostProcessor,Ordered{
  @Override
  public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException{
    System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessBeforeInitialization:" + s);
    return o;
  }      
  @Override
  public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException{
    System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessAfterInitialization:" + s);
    return o;
  }      
  @Override
  public int getOrder(){
    return 20;
  }
}

文件 MainApp.java 代码如下:

package spring;    
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;    
public class MainApp{
  public static void main(String... args){
    AbstractApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    Hello1 hello = (Hello1) ctx.getBean("hello");
    hello.hello();
    ctx.close();
  }
}

代码执行结果如下:

Hello1 构造器
Hello1 setMessage
Hello1 setBeanName hello
Hello1 setBeanFactory 
Hello1 setApplicationContext 
BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessBeforeInitialization:hello
BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessBeforeInitialization:hello
Hello1 @PostConstruct
Hello1 InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet
Hello1 init-method 
BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessAfterInitialization:hello
BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessAfterInitialization:hello
Hello1 我是:ccccccccc
Hello1 @PreDestroy 
Hello1 DisposableBean.destroy 
Hello1 destroy-method 




链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/80d4fa132747















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