认识并学会springCloud的使用
Posted mountaincold
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SpringCloud将现在一些流行的技术整合到一起,实现如:配置管理,服务发现,智能路由,负载均衡,熔断器,控制总线,集群状态等等功能。主要涉及的组件有
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Eureka:注册中心
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Zuul:服务网关
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Ribbon:负载均衡
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Feign:服务调用
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Hystix:熔断器
环境准备:一个数据库和表tb_user
1.创建一个父工程,和子模块consumer-demo,eureka-server,eureka-server2(两个是eureka的高可用性练习),user-server,(user-server2是对user server的集群练习可以不要)zuul-Demo。
(完整代码:https://gitee.com/mountaincold/cloudDemo)
2. 创建注册中心 eureka-server
1.pom.xml 导入依赖 eureka服务端
2. 创建启动类 eureka1
3. 设置application.yml
eureka-server2相同把端口换成10087,注册地址换成10086就行了
2.创建服务提供者userservice
1. pom.xml的配置 导入依赖
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- Eureka客户端 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
2. 设置application.yml配置文件
server: port: 8081 spring: datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis username: root password: 960326 application: name: userservice logging: level: com.practice: debug eureka: client: service-url: #eurekaServer 地址 defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka,http://127.0.0.1:10087/eureka instance: prefer-ip-address: true #当调用getHostname获取实例的hostname时 返回ip而不是host名称 ip-address: 127.0.0.1 #指定自己的ip信息 不指定的话会自己寻找 lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 10 #服务失效时间 默认90秒 lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5 #服务续约时间的间隔,默认30秒 instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port} #设置id
2.创建启动类,和pojo对象类
@Table(name = "tb_user") public class User implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id; // 用户名 private String userName; // 密码 private String password; // 姓名 private String name; // 年龄 private Integer age; // 性别,1男性,2女性 private Integer sex; // 出生日期 private Date birthday; // 创建时间 private Date created; // 更新时间 private Date updated; // 备注 // private String note; // 。。。省略getters和setters //TODO 需要手动添加getter,setter }
3.创建controller,service ,mapper
package com.practice.controller; import com.practice.pojo.User; import com.practice.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @RestController @RequestMapping("user") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @GetMapping("/{id}") public User queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) { return this.userService.queryById(id); } } /** *设置睡眠是为了测试熔断器 */ package com.practice.service; import com.practice.mapper.UserMapper; import com.practice.pojo.User; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class UserService { @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserService.class); public User queryById(Long id) { Long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); int time = (int)(Math.random()*2000+1); try { Thread.sleep(time); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } User user = this.userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id); Long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); logger.info("本次查询:{},花费时间为{}ms",id,endTime-startTime); return user; } } /** *通用mapper的使用,可以动态生成实现子类和查询语言适用于单表查询 */ package com.practice.mapper; import com.practice.pojo.User; import tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper; public interface UserMapper extends Mapper<User> { }
3创建服务消费者cosumer-demo
1.pom.xml配置 需要的依赖
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 添加OkHttp支持 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId> <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId> <version>3.9.0</version> </dependency> <!-- Eureka客户端 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <!--测试--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!--Hystrix依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> <!--Feign的依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
2. application.xml的配置
Spring: application: name: consumer eureka: client: service-url: #eurekaServer地址 defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka,http://127.0.0.1:10087/eureka registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5 #获取更新服务列表 默认时间为30秒 instance: prefer-ip-address: true #当其它服务获取地址时提供ip而不是hostname ip-address: 127.0.0.1 #指定自己的ip信息 不指定的话会自己寻找 ribbon: #修改服务负载均衡的分流规则 NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule #随机 默认为轮询 ConnectTimeout: 250 # ribbon 连接超时时间 ReadTimeout: 1000 #Ribbon 数据读取超时时间 feign: hystrix: enabled: true #开启feign的熔断支持默认关闭 compression: request: enabled: true # 开启请求压缩 mime-types: text/html,application/xml,application/json # 设置压缩的数据类型 min-request-size: 2048 # 设置触发压缩的大小下限 logging: level: com.consumer: debug
3. 创建启动类 和pojo对象类
package com; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients; @EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication //@EnableHystrix @EnableFeignClients public class Consumer { // @Bean // @LoadBalanced //开启负载均衡 // public RestTemplate restTemplate(){ // // 使用OKHTTP客户端,只需注入工厂 // return new RestTemplate(new OkHttp3ClientHttpRequestFactory()); // } // 因为Feign 中自动集成 Ribbon 负载均衡 所以不需要自定义RestTemplate public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Consumer.class); } } /** *属性类型和user-service中相同但是不用加@table之类的注解 */ public class User { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private Long id; // 用户名 private String userName; // 密码 private String password; // 姓名 private String name; // 年龄 private Integer age; // 性别,1男性,2女性 private Integer sex; // 出生日期 private Date birthday; // 创建时间 private Date created; // 更新时间 private Date updated; //TODO 需要手动添加getter,setter }
4. 创建 controller,service,config (dao是测试hystrix时创建的,feign中支持熔断所以不用创建)
package com.consumer.controller; import com.consumer.pojo.User; import com.consumer.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.List; @RestController @RequestMapping("consume") public class ConsumerController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @GetMapping public List<User> consume(@RequestParam("ids")List<Long> ids){ return this.userService.queryUserByIds(ids); } } package com.consumer.service; import com.consumer.config.UserFeignClient; import com.consumer.config.impl.UserFeignClientImpl; import com.consumer.dao.UserDao; import com.consumer.pojo.User; //import com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; @Service public class UserService { /** * 根据服务名称,获取服务实例 * */ @Autowired private UserFeignClient userFeignClient; public List<User> queryUserByIds(List<Long> ids) { List<User> users = new ArrayList<>(); ids.forEach(id ->{ users.add(userFeignClient.queryById(id)); /* try { Thread.sleep(500); 线程睡眠用于测试可以删除 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }*/ }); return users; } } package com.consumer.config; import com.consumer.config.impl.FeignConfig; import com.consumer.config.impl.UserFeignClientImpl; import com.consumer.pojo.User; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; @FeignClient(value = "userservice",fallback = UserFeignClientImpl.class,configuration = FeignConfig.class) public interface UserFeignClient { @GetMapping("/user/{id}") public User queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id); } package com.consumer.config.impl; import com.consumer.config.UserFeignClient; import com.consumer.pojo.User; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class UserFeignClientImpl implements UserFeignClient { @Override public User queryById(Long id) { User user = new User(); user.setId(id); user.setName("请求超时,请稍后重试--feign"); return user; } } package com.consumer.config.impl; import feign.Logger; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * 编写配置类定义feign的日志级别 feign支持四种级别 * - NONE:不记录任何日志信息,这是默认值。 * - BASIC:仅记录请求的方法,URL以及响应状态码和执行时间 * - HEADERS:在BASIC的基础上,额外记录了请求和响应的头信息 * - FULL:记录所有请求和响应的明细,包括头信息、请求体、元数据 */ @Configuration public class FeignConfig { @Bean Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel() { return Logger.Level.FULL; } }
4. 创建zuul网关
1.pom.xml中的依赖
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
2. application.yml
server: port: 10010 spring: application: name: gateway zuul: routes: userservice: userservice/** #简便方式 prefix: /api #添加路由前缀 # path: /userservice/** #这是映射路径 # serviceId: userservice #指定服务名称 # url: http://127.0.0.1:8081 映射路径对应的实际url地址 eureka: client: registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5 #循环获取服务列表 service-url: defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka instance: prefer-ip-address: true ip-address: 127:0.0.1
3. 创建启动器
package com.zuul; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableZuulProxy //开启网关功能 public class Zuul { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Zuul.class); } }
测试成功的页面:
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