spring 14-Spring框架JDBC操作

Posted 2021-01-25 广州富哥

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传统JDBC开发

开发步骤：

进行数据库驱动程序的加载

取得数据库的连接对象

声明要操作的SQL语句（需要使用预处理）

创建数据库操作对象

执行SQL语句

处理返回的操作结果（ResultSet）

关闭结果集对象

关闭数据库的操作对象（Statement）

如果执行的是更新则应该进行事务提交和回滚

关闭数据库连接

优点：

具备固定的操作流程，代码结构简单

JDBC是一个Java的公共服务，属于标准

由于没有涉及到过于复杂对象操作，所以性能是最高的

缺点：

代码的冗余度太高了，每次都需要编写大量的重复操作

用户需要自己手工进行事务的处理操作

所有的操作必须严格按照既定的步骤执行

如果出现了执行的异常，则需要用户自己处理

使用Spring的JDBC模板

开发步骤：

声明要操作的SQL语句（需要使用预处理）

执行SQL语句

处理返回的操作结果（ResultSet）

优点：

代码简单，但是又不脱离JDBC形式

由于有SpringAOP的支持，用户只关心核心

对于出现的程序异常可以采用统一的方式进行处理

与JDBC的操作步骤或形式几乎雷同

缺点：

与重度包装的Hibernate框架不同，不够智能

处理返回结果的时候不能够自动转化为VO类对象，需要由用户自己手工处理结果集

使用Spring的JDBC针对mysql的数据库连接

1、通过Maven配置数据库驱动程序

<dependency> 
  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  <version>5.1.25</version>
</dependency>

2、配置C3P0数据库连接池软件包

<dependency>
  <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
  <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
  <version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
  <artifactId>mchange-commons-java</artifactId>
  <version>0.2.12</version>
</dependency>

3、在CLASSPATH配置database.properties的属性文件

db.driverClass=org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
db.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.209.31:3306/springdb
db.user=root
db.password=123456
db.maxPoolSize=1
db.maxIdleTime=1
db.minPoolSize=1
db.initialPoolSize=1

4、配置applicationContext.xml文件

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
  <!-- 配置数据库的驱动程序 -->
  <property name="driverClass" value="${db.driverClass}"/>
  <!-- 配置JDBC的连接地址 -->
  <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${db.url}"/>
  <!-- 定义连接用户名 -->
  <property name="user" value="${db.user}"/>
  <!-- 定义连接密码 -->
  <property name="password" value="${db.password}"/>
  <!-- 配置项目之中最大的数据库可用连接数 -->
  <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${db.maxPoolSize}"/>
  <!-- 当数据库连接已满时，其它线程最大等待时间 -->
  <property name="maxIdleTime" value="${db.maxIdleTime}"/>
  <!-- 最小的数据库连接可用数，即：如果没有人连接，保持的连接数量 -->
  <property name="minPoolSize" value="${db.minPoolSize}"/>
  <!-- 项目刚刚运行之后的连接数量 -->
  <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${db.initialPoolSize}"/>
</bean>

5、编写测试代码

package cn.liang.test;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestDS {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
      DataSource source = ctx.getBean("dataSource", DataSource.class);
      try {
          System.out.println(source.getConnection());
      } catch (SQLException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
  }
}

6、输出结果

2018-12-06 14:31:44,405 INFO [com.mchange.v2.log.MLog] - MLog clients using log4j logging.
2018-12-06 14:31:44,504 INFO [com.mchange.v2.c3p0.C3P0Registry] - Initializing c3p0-0.9.1.2 [built 21-May-2007 15:04:56; debug? true; trace: 10]
2018-12-06 14:31:44,710 INFO [com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.AbstractPoolBackedDataSource] - Initializing c3p0 pool... com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource [ acquireIncrement -> 3, acquireRetryAttempts -> 30, acquireRetryDelay -> 1000, autoCommitOnClose -> false, automaticTestTable -> null, breakAfterAcquireFailure -> false, checkoutTimeout -> 0, connectionCustomizerClassName -> null, connectionTesterClassName -> com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.DefaultConnectionTester, dataSourceName -> z8kflt9z104oj045e3oij|7692d9cc, debugUnreturnedConnectionStackTraces -> false, description -> null, driverClass -> org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver, factoryClassLocation -> null, forceIgnoreUnresolvedTransactions -> false, identityToken -> z8kflt9z104oj045e3oij|7692d9cc, idleConnectionTestPeriod -> 0, initialPoolSize -> 1, jdbcUrl -> jdbc:mysql://10.123.209.31:3306/springdb, maxAdministrativeTaskTime -> 0, maxConnectionAge -> 0, maxIdleTime -> 1, maxIdleTimeExcessConnections -> 0, maxPoolSize -> 1, maxStatements -> 0, maxStatementsPerConnection -> 0, minPoolSize -> 1, numHelperThreads -> 3, numThreadsAwaitingCheckoutDefaultUser -> 0, preferredTestQuery -> null, properties -> {user=******, password=******}, propertyCycle -> 0, testConnectionOnCheckin -> false, testConnectionOnCheckout -> false, unreturnedConnectionTimeout -> 0, usesTraditionalReflectiveProxies -> false ]
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使用Spring的JDBC实现CRUD操作

1、通过依赖注入的关系实现DataSource对象的注入控制

<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
  <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>

2、数据追加

package cn.liang.test;
import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
public class TestDS {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
      JdbcTemplate jTemplate = ctx.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);
      String sql = "INSERT INTO news(title,pubdate,note) VALUES (?,?,?)" ;
      int len = jTemplate.update(sql, "titletest",new Date(),"contextliang") ;
      System.out.println("修改行数："+ len);
  }
}

输出结果

2018-12-06 14:40:32,188 INFO [com.mchange.v2.log.MLog] - MLog clients using log4j logging.
2018-12-06 14:40:32,278 INFO [com.mchange.v2.c3p0.C3P0Registry] - Initializing c3p0-0.9.1.2 [built 21-May-2007 15:04:56; debug? true; trace: 10]
2018-12-06 14:40:32,466 INFO [com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.AbstractPoolBackedDataSource] - Initializing c3p0 pool... com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource [ acquireIncrement -> 3, acquireRetryAttempts -> 30, acquireRetryDelay -> 1000, autoCommitOnClose -> false, automaticTestTable -> null, breakAfterAcquireFailure -> false, checkoutTimeout -> 0, connectionCustomizerClassName -> null, connectionTesterClassName -> com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.DefaultConnectionTester, dataSourceName -> z8kflt9z104zu8mj6lui9|3967e60c, debugUnreturnedConnectionStackTraces -> false, description -> null, driverClass -> org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver, factoryClassLocation -> null, forceIgnoreUnresolvedTransactions -> false, identityToken -> z8kflt9z104zu8mj6lui9|3967e60c, idleConnectionTestPeriod -> 0, initialPoolSize -> 1, jdbcUrl -> jdbc:mysql://10.123.209.31:3306/springdb, maxAdministrativeTaskTime -> 0, maxConnectionAge -> 0, maxIdleTime -> 1, maxIdleTimeExcessConnections -> 0, maxPoolSize -> 1, maxStatements -> 0, maxStatementsPerConnection -> 0, minPoolSize -> 1, numHelperThreads -> 3, numThreadsAwaitingCheckoutDefaultUser -> 0, preferredTestQuery -> null, properties -> {user=******, password=******}, propertyCycle -> 0, testConnectionOnCheckin -> false, testConnectionOnCheckout -> false, unreturnedConnectionTimeout -> 0, usesTraditionalReflectiveProxies -> false ]
修改行数：1

3、自动获取自动增长列当前值

使用低版本的数据库驱动程序

<dependency> 
  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.8</version>
</dependency>

测试代码

package cn.liang.test;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.PreparedStatementCreator;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.GeneratedKeyHolder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.KeyHolder;
public class TestDS3 {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
      JdbcTemplate jTemplate = ctx.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);
      String sql = "INSERT INTO news(title,pubdate,note) VALUES (?,?,?)" ;
      PreparedStatementCreator pCreator = new PreparedStatementCreator() {
          
          @Override
          public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection arg0) throws SQLException {
              PreparedStatement pStatement = arg0.prepareStatement(sql);
              pStatement.setString(1, "titletest2");
              pStatement.setDate(2, new java.sql.Date(new Date().getTime()));
              pStatement.setString(3, "contextliang2");
              return pStatement;
          }
      };
      KeyHolder keyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder();
      int len = jTemplate.update(pCreator,keyHolder) ;
      System.out.println("修改行数："+ len);
  }
}

输出结果

2018-12-06 14:48:51,489 INFO [com.mchange.v2.log.MLog] - MLog clients using log4j logging.
2018-12-06 14:48:51,601 INFO [com.mchange.v2.c3p0.C3P0Registry] - Initializing c3p0-0.9.1.2 [built 21-May-2007 15:04:56; debug? true; trace: 10]
2018-12-06 14:48:51,816 INFO [com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.AbstractPoolBackedDataSource] - Initializing c3p0 pool... com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource [ acquireIncrement -> 3, acquireRetryAttempts -> 30, acquireRetryDelay -> 1000, autoCommitOnClose -> false, automaticTestTable -> null, breakAfterAcquireFailure -> false, checkoutTimeout -> 0, connectionCustomizerClassName -> null, connectionTesterClassName -> com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.DefaultConnectionTester, dataSourceName -> z8kflt9z105aji71ay4jql|3967e60c, debugUnreturnedConnectionStackTraces -> false, description -> null, driverClass -> org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver, factoryClassLocation -> null, forceIgnoreUnresolvedTransactions -> false, identityToken -> z8kflt9z105aji71ay4jql|3967e60c, idleConnectionTestPeriod -> 0, initialPoolSize -> 1, jdbcUrl -> jdbc:mysql://10.123.209.31:3306/springdb, maxAdministrativeTaskTime -> 0, maxConnectionAge -> 0, maxIdleTime -> 1, maxIdleTimeExcessConnections -> 0, maxPoolSize -> 1, maxStatements -> 0, maxStatementsPerConnection -> 0, minPoolSize -> 1, numHelperThreads -> 3, numThreadsAwaitingCheckoutDefaultUser -> 0, preferredTestQuery -> null, properties -> {user=******, password=******}, propertyCycle -> 0, testConnectionOnCheckin -> false, testConnectionOnCheckout -> false, unreturnedConnectionTimeout -> 0, usesTraditionalReflectiveProxies -> false ]
修改行数：1

4、数据分页查询

定义News的vo类

package cn.liang.vo;
import java.util.Date;
public class News {
  private Integer nid ;
  private String title ;
  private Date pubdate ;
  private String note ;
  public Integer getNid() {
      return nid;
  }
  public void setNid(Integer nid) {
      this.nid = nid;
  }
  public String getTitle() {
      return title;
  }
  public void setTitle(String title) {
      this.title = title;
  }
  public Date getPubdate() {
      return pubdate;
  }
  public void setPubdate(Date pubdate) {
      this.pubdate = pubdate;
  }
  public String getNote() {
      return note;
  }
  public void setNote(String note) {
      this.note = note;
  }
  
  @Override
  public String toString() {
      return "News [nid=" + nid + ", title=" + title + ", pubdate=" + pubdate + ", note=" + note + "]";
  }
}

测试代码：

package cn.liang.test;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import cn.liang.vo.News;
public class TestDS4 {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
      JdbcTemplate jt = ctx.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);
      int currentPage = 2;
      int lineSize = 5;
      
      String sql = "SELECT nid,title,pubdate,note FROM news WHERE title LIKE ? LIMIT ?,?";
      Object object[] = new Object[] { "%%", (currentPage - 1) * lineSize, lineSize } ;
      RowMapper<News> rowMapper = new RowMapper<News>() {
          @Override
          public News mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
              News vo = new News();
              vo.setNid(rs.getInt(1));
              vo.setTitle(rs.getString(2));
              vo.setPubdate(rs.getDate(3));
              vo.setNote(rs.getString(4));
              return vo;
          }
      };
      List<News> all = jt.query(sql, object, rowMapper);
      System.out.println("结果输出："+ all); 
  }
}

输出结果：

2018-12-06 15:00:05,128 INFO [com.mchange.v2.log.MLog] - MLog clients using log4j logging.
2018-12-06 15:00:05,229 INFO [com.mchange.v2.c3p0.C3P0Registry] - Initializing c3p0-0.9.1.2 [built 21-May-2007 15:04:56; debug? true; trace: 10]
2018-12-06 15:00:05,473 INFO [com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.AbstractPoolBackedDataSource] - Initializing c3p0 pool... com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource [ acquireIncrement -> 3, acquireRetryAttempts -> 30, acquireRetryDelay -> 1000, autoCommitOnClose -> false, automaticTestTable -> null, breakAfterAcquireFailure -> false, checkoutTimeout -> 0, connectionCustomizerClassName -> null, connectionTesterClassName -> com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.DefaultConnectionTester, dataSourceName -> z8kflt9z105ozaggnhuk0|3967e60c, debugUnreturnedConnectionStackTraces -> false, description -> null, driverClass -> org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver, factoryClassLocation -> null, forceIgnoreUnresolvedTransactions -> false, identityToken -> z8kflt9z105ozaggnhuk0|3967e60c, idleConnectionTestPeriod -> 0, initialPoolSize -> 1, jdbcUrl -> jdbc:mysql://10.123.209.31:3306/springdb, maxAdministrativeTaskTime -> 0, maxConnectionAge -> 0, maxIdleTime -> 1, maxIdleTimeExcessConnections -> 0, maxPoolSize -> 1, maxStatements -> 0, maxStatementsPerConnection -> 0, minPoolSize -> 1, numHelperThreads -> 3, numThreadsAwaitingCheckoutDefaultUser -> 0, preferredTestQuery -> null, properties -> {user=******, password=******}, propertyCycle -> 0, testConnectionOnCheckin -> false, testConnectionOnCheckout -> false, unreturnedConnectionTimeout -> 0, usesTraditionalReflectiveProxies -> false ]
结果输出：[News [nid=6, title=titletest, pubdate=2018-12-06, note=contextliang], News [nid=7, title=titletest, pubdate=2018-12-06, note=contextliang], News [nid=8, title=titletest, pubdate=2018-12-06, note=contextliang], News [nid=9, title=titletest, pubdate=2018-12-06, note=contextliang], News [nid=10, title=titletest, pubdate=2018-12-06, note=contextliang]]

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