苏浪浪 201771010120 面向对象程序设计（Java）第13周
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/实验十三 图形界面事件处理技术
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握事件处理的基本原理，理解其用途；
(2) 掌握AWT事件模型的工作机制；
(3) 掌握事件处理的基本编程模型；
(4) 了解GUI界面组件观感设置方法；
(5) 掌握WindowAdapter类、AbstractAction类的用法；
(6) 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1： 导入第11章示例程序，测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材443页-444页程序11-1，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 在事件处理相关代码处添加注释；
l 用lambda表达式简化程序；
l 掌握JButton组件的基本API；
l 掌握Java中事件处理的基本编程模型。
package button; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame with a button panel */ public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;//宽300 private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//高200 public ButtonFrame() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); // 创建按钮 JButton orangeButton = new JButton("Orange");//创建一个带文本的按钮。 JButton blueButton = new JButton("blue"); JButton greyButton = new JButton("Grey"); buttonPanel = new JPanel(); // 向面板添加按钮 buttonPanel.add(orangeButton); buttonPanel.add(blueButton); buttonPanel.add(greyButton); // 向框架添加面板 add(buttonPanel); // 创建按钮操作 ColorAction orangeAction= new ColorAction(Color.ORANGE); ColorAction blueAction = new ColorAction(Color.BLUE); ColorAction greyAction = new ColorAction(Color.GRAY); // 将操作与按钮相关联 orangeButton.addActionListener(orangeAction); blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction); greyButton.addActionListener(greyAction); } /** * An action listener that sets the panel\'s background color. */ private class ColorAction implements ActionListener { private Color backgroundColor; public ColorAction(Color c) { backgroundColor = c; } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor); } } }
package button; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.34 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ButtonTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame(); frame.setTitle("ButtonTest"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//关闭按钮生效 frame.setVisible(true);//界面的可见 }); } }
改进后
package button; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame with a button panel */ public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; public ButtonFrame() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); buttonPanel = new JPanel(); add(buttonPanel); makeButton("yellow",Color.YELLOW); makeButton("blue",Color.BLUE); makeButton("red",Color.RED); makeButton("green",Color.GREEN); } public void makeButton(String name , Color backgroundColor) { JButton button=new JButton(name); buttonPanel.add(button); ColorAction action=new ColorAction(backgroundColor); button.addActionListener(action); } /** * An action listener that sets the panel\'s background color. */ private class ColorAction implements ActionListener { private Color backgroundColor; public ColorAction(Color c) { backgroundColor = c; } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor); } } }
再度改进：（匿名内部类）
package button; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame with a button panel */ public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; public ButtonFrame() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); buttonPanel = new JPanel(); add(buttonPanel); makeButton("yellow",Color.YELLOW); makeButton("blue",Color.BLUE); makeButton("red",Color.RED); makeButton("green",Color.GREEN); } public void makeButton(String name , Color backgroundColor) { JButton button=new JButton(name); buttonPanel.add(button); //ColorAction action=new ColorAction(backgroundColor); //button.addActionListener(action); button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor); } }); } }
测试程序2：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材449页程序11-2，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 在组件观感设置代码处添加注释；
l 了解GUI程序中观感的设置方法。
package plaf; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.SwingUtilities; import javax.swing.UIManager; /** * A frame with a button panel for changing look-and-feel */ public class PlafFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; public PlafFrame() { buttonPanel = new JPanel(); UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] infos = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels(); //为了配置菜单或为了初始应用程序设置而提供关于已安装的 LookAndFeel 的少量信息 for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : infos) makeButton(info.getName(), info.getClassName()); add(buttonPanel); pack(); } /** * Makes a button to change the pluggable look-and-feel. * @param name the button name * @param className the name of the look-and-feel class */ private void makeButton(String name, String className) { // 向面板添加按钮 JButton button = new JButton(name); buttonPanel.add(button); //设置按钮操作 button.addActionListener(event -> { // 按钮动作:切换到新的外观 try { UIManager.setLookAndFeel(className); SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this); pack(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); } }
package plaf; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.32 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class PlafTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new PlafFrame(); frame.setTitle("PlafTest"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } }
测试程序3：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材457页-458页程序11-3，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握AbstractAction类及其动作对象；
l 掌握GUI程序中按钮、键盘动作映射到动作对象的方法。
package action; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame with a panel that demonstrates color change actions. */ public class ActionFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; public ActionFrame() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); buttonPanel = new JPanel(); // 定义的行为 Action yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"), Color.YELLOW); Action blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE); Action redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED); //为这些操作添加按钮 buttonPanel.add(new JButton(yellowAction)); buttonPanel.add(new JButton(blueAction)); buttonPanel.add(new JButton(redAction)); // 向框架添加面板 add(buttonPanel); //将Y、B和R键与名称关联起来 InputMap imap = buttonPanel.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT); imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl Y"), "panel.yellow"); imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl B"), "panel.blue"); imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl R"), "panel.red"); // 将名称与动作关联起来 ActionMap amap = buttonPanel.getActionMap(); amap.put("panel.yellow", yellowAction); amap.put("panel.blue", blueAction); amap.put("panel.red", redAction); } public class ColorAction extends AbstractAction { /** * Constructs a color action. * @param name the name to show on the button * @param icon the icon to display on the button * @param c the background color */ public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c) { putValue(Action.NAME, name); putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon); putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Set panel color to " + name.toLowerCase()); putValue("color", c); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { Color c = (Color) getValue("color"); buttonPanel.setBackground(c); } } }
package action; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.34 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ActionTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new ActionFrame(); frame.setTitle("ActionTest"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } }
测试程序4：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材462页程序11-4、11-5，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。
package mouse; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A component with mouse operations for adding and removing squares. */ public class MouseComponent extends JComponent { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10; private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares; private Rectangle2D current; //包含鼠标光标的正方形 public MouseComponent() { squares = new ArrayList<>(); current = null; addMouseListener(new MouseHandler()); addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionHandler()); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // 画出所有方块 for (Rectangle2D r : squares) g2.draw(r); } /** * Finds the first square containing a point. * @param p a point * @return the first square that contains p */ public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p) { for (Rectangle2D r : squares) { if (r.contains(p)) return r; } return null; } /** * Adds a square to the collection. * @param p the center of the square */ public void add(Point2D p) { double x = p.getX(); double y = p.getY(); current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); squares.add(current); repaint(); } /** * Removes a square from the collection. * @param s the square to remove */ public void remove(Rectangle2D s) { if (s == null) return; if (s == current) current = null; squares.remove(s); repaint(); } private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) { //如果光标不在正方形内，则添加一个新的正方形 current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current == null) add(event.getPoint()); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) { //如果双击，则删除当前方块 current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2) remove(current); } } private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event) { // 如果鼠标在内部，则将鼠标光标设置为十字线 // 一个矩形 if (find(event.getPoint()) == null) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor()); else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR)); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) { if (current != null) { int x = event.getX(); int y = event.getY(); //拖动当前矩形，使其居中(x, y) current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); repaint(); } } } }
package mouse; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations */ public class MouseFrame extends JFrame { public MouseFrame() { add(new MouseComponent()); pack(); } }
package mouse; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.34 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class MouseTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new MouseFrame(); frame.setTitle("MouseTest"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } }
实验2：结对编程练习
利用班级名单文件、文本框和按钮组件，设计一个有如下界面（图1）的点名器，要求用户点击开始按钮后在文本输入框随机显示2017级网络与信息安全班同学姓名，如图2所示，点击停止按钮后，文本输入框不再变换同学姓名，此同学则是被点到的同学姓名。
图1 点名器启动界面
图2 点名器点名界面
百度程序：
package personal; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.Rectangle; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Scanner; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JTextArea; public class StartJFrame extends JFrame{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; JFrame jframe= new JFrame("窗体生成"); JPanel jpanel=null; JPanel imagePanel = null; BufferedImage image= null; JLabel label3 = new JLabel(); ImageIcon background = new ImageIcon(); JTextArea jtext = new JTextArea(); JButton jbutton1=new JButton("开始"); JButton jbutton2=new JButton("暂停"); JButton jbutton3=new JButton("确定"); String strPath = ""; public static boolean flag = true;//判断开始按钮是否被点过 private static Thread t; private int count = 0; public StartJFrame(){ //添加文字 jpanel = (JPanel)this.getContentPane();//每次添加必须要加的语句 Font font = new Font("",Font.BOLD,30); //添加按钮 jpanel=(JPanel)this.getContentPane(); jpanel.setLayout(null); //（左，上，宽，高） jbutton3.setBounds(new Rectangle(330,180,60,20)); jbutton3.addActionListener(new TextValue(this)); jpanel.add(jbutton3); //添加文本框（左，上，宽，高） jtext.setBounds(40, 180, 260, 20); jpanel.add(jtext); } /** * 重写构造器 */ public StartJFrame(String str){ //将路径传入开始按钮 strPath = str; //添加提示文字 jpanel = (JPanel)this.getContentPane();//每次添加必须要加的语句 JLabel label2 = new JLabel("点名开始啦！！！"); Font font = new Font("",Font.BOLD,30); label2.setFont(font); label2.setForeground(Color.black); label2.setBounds(100,20,450,100); jpanel.add(label2); //显示名字信息 label3.setBounds(150,120,450,100); //设置字体颜色 label3.setForeground(Color.yellow); //添加按钮 jpanel=(JPanel)this.getContentPane(); jpanel.setLayout(null); jbutton1.setBounds(new Rectangle(100,300,75,25)); jpanel.add(jbutton1); jbutton1.addActionListener(new Action(this)); jbutton2.setBounds(new Rectangle(250,300,75,25)); jpanel.add(jbutton2); jbutton2.addActionListener(new Stop(this)); } /** * 从控制台输入路径 */ public static String InputPath(){ String str =""; System.out.println("F:\\\\xll.txt"); Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in); str = sc.nextLine(); return str; } /** * 读取文档数据 * @param filePath * @return */ public static String ReadFile(String filePath){ String str = ""; try { String encoding="GBK"; File file = new File(filePath); if(file.isFile()&&file.exists()){ InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),encoding); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader); String lineTxt = ""; while((lineTxt = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){ str+=lineTxt+";\\n"; } reader.close(); }else{ System.out.println("找不到指定的文件"); } }catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("读取文件内容出错"); e.printStackTrace(); } return str; } /** * 将字符串转换为String数组 */ public static String[] ChangeType(String str){ ArrayList<String> list=new ArrayList<String>(); String[] string = str.split(";"); return string; } /** * main方法 * @param args */ public static void main(String args[]){ StartJFrame jframe=new StartJFrame(); jframe.setTitle("点名器"); jframe.setSize(550,400); jframe.setVisible(true); jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); jframe.setResizable(false); jframe.setLocationRelativeTo(null); System.out.println(); } /** * 点击确定按钮后的方法 */ public void chooseValue(ActionEvent e){ String str = ""; str = jtext.getText(); if(str != "" || str != null){ StartJFrame jframe = new StartJFrame(str); jframe.setTitle("点名器"); jframe.setSize(550,500); jframe.setVisible(true); jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); jframe.setResizable(false); jframe.setLocationRelativeTo(null); System.out.println(str); } } /** * 点击开始按钮后的方法 */ public void actionRun(ActionEvent e){ if(flag){ //线程开始 t = new Thread(new Runnable(){ public void run(){// while(count<=10000){ //文件路径 String strTest = strPath; //开始读取数据 String strRead = ReadFile(strTest); //将读取到的数据变为数组 String[] strc = ChangeType(strRead); //获取随机的姓名 Random random = new Random(); int a = 0; a = random.nextInt(strc.length-1); String str = strc[a]; System.out.println("输出名字为："+str); label3.setFont(new java.awt.Font(str,1,60)); //设置名字标签的文字 label3.setText(str); try{ t.sleep(20);//使线程休眠50毫秒 }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } count+=1;//显示次数 } } }); t.start(); //设置字体颜色 jpanel.add(label3); flag = false;以上是关于苏浪浪 201771010120 面向对象程序设计（Java）第13周的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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