2.SpringBoot学习——ConfigurationProperties
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1.简介
1.1 概述
Annotation for externalized configuration. Add this to a class definition or a @Bean method in a @Configuration class if you want to bind and validate some external Properties (e.g. from a .properties file).
Binding is either performed by calling setters on the annotated class or, if @ConstructorBinding is in use, by binding to the constructor parameters.
Note that contrary to @Value, SpEL expressions are not evaluated since property values are externalized.
一个外部化配置的注解。如果您要绑定和验证某些外部属性(例如,来自.properties文件),则将其添加到类定义或 @Configuration 类中的 @Bean 方法中。
绑定可以通过在带注释的类上调用setter来执行,或者,如果正在使用 @ConstructorBinding,则可以通过绑定到构造函数参数来执行。
请注意,与@Value相反,由于属性值是外部化的,因此不评估SpEL表达式。
1.2 特点
@Target({ ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface ConfigurationProperties {
String value() default "";
String prefix() default "";
boolean ignoreInvalidFields() default false;
boolean ignoreUnknownFields() default true;
}
1.3 对比 @Value
@Configuration | @Value | |
---|---|---|
功能 | 批量注入配置文件中的属性 | 一个个指定 |
松散绑定(松散语法) | 支持 | 不支持 |
SPEL语法 | 不支持 | 支持 |
JSR303数据校验 | 支持 | 不支持 |
复杂类型封装 | 支持 | 不支持 |
2.环境
- JDK 1.8.0_201
- Spring Boot 2.2.0.RELEASE
- 构建工具(apache maven 3.6.3)
- 开发工具(IntelliJ IDEA )
3.代码
3.1 代码结构
3.2 maven 依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
3.3 配置文件
application.properties
user.prop.name=zhangsan
user.prop.age=20
3.4 java代码
UserProperties.java
@Component
@Validated // JSR303数据校验
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "user.prop")
public class UserProperties {
@NotBlank
private String name;
@Range(min = 1, max = 200)
private Integer age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
UserProps.java
@Component
public class UserProps {
@Value("${user.prop.name}")
private String name;
// SPEL 表达式
@Value("#{10 * 2}")
private Integer age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
UserController.java
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserProperties userProperties;
@Autowired
private UserProps userProps;
@GetMapping("/user/get/1")
public String getUser1() {
return userProperties.getName() + "‘s age is " + userProperties.getAge();
}
@GetMapping("/user/get/2")
public String getUser2() {
return userProps.getName() + "‘s age is " + userProps.getAge();
}
}
3.5 git 地址
spring-boot/spring-boot-02-config
4.结果
启动 SpringBoot02ConfigApplication.main 方法,在 spring-boot-02-config.http 访问如下两个地址,输出 “zhangsan‘s age is 20” 表示请求成功
5.源码分析
5.1 @ConfigurationProperties 原理分析
@SpringBootApplication 注解是一个复合注解,它里面包含一个 @ConfigurationPropertiesScan,这个里面又有一个 @EnableConfigurationProperties,@ConfigurationProperties 的作用与它有关。
@ConfigurationProperties 中通过 @Import 引入一个 EnableConfigurationPropertiesRegistrar,它里面有一个 registerBeanDefinitions 方法
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
registerInfrastructureBeans(registry);
ConfigurationPropertiesBeanRegistrar beanRegistrar = new ConfigurationPropertiesBeanRegistrar(registry);
getTypes(metadata).forEach(beanRegistrar::register);
}
registerBeanDefinitions 调用一个 registerInfrastructureBeans ,这个方法将 属性绑定后置处理器、bean 校验器、元数据注入到 registry 中,这里的 registry 保存了所有 bean 信息。
static void registerInfrastructureBeans(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.register(registry);
ConfigurationPropertiesBeanDefinitionValidator.register(registry);
ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata.register(registry);
}
通过查看类图可以知道,ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor 是 BeanPostProcessor 的一个实现类
它在 bean 实例化的时候发生作用,BeanPostProcessor 提供了 postProcessBeforeInitialization 和
postProcessAfterInitialization 两个方法
public interface BeanPostProcessor {
@Nullable
default Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return bean;
}
@Nullable
default Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return bean;
}
}
在 ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor 的 postProcessBeforeInitialization 方法中提供了对于属性值的注入
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
// 属性绑定
bind(ConfigurationPropertiesBean.get(this.applicationContext, bean, beanName));
return bean;
}
在 bind 方法中,通过 ConfigurationPropertiesBinder 来绑定 ConfigurationProperties 中属性
BindResult<?> bind(ConfigurationPropertiesBean propertiesBean) {
Bindable<?> target = propertiesBean.asBindTarget();
// 获取目标 bean 上的 @ConfigurationProperties 注解
ConfigurationProperties annotation = propertiesBean.getAnnotation();
// 获取 BindHandler
BindHandler bindHandler = getBindHandler(target, annotation);
// 通过配置的 prefix 和 BindHandler 进行属性绑定
return getBinder().bind(annotation.prefix(), target, bindHandler);
}
到这里已经比较清晰了,后面的就是从 应用上下文中获取属性值,然后转换成对应的类型,再将属性值设置给目标对象。
5.2 @Value 原理分析
这个流程中,doCreateBean 前面的流程实际上是 spirng bean 的初始化流程,在初始化过程中,会对 bean 的依赖和字段进行填充;BeanPostProcessor 也是在这个阶段发生作用
for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
PropertyValues pvsToUse = ibp.postProcessProperties(pvs, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
if (pvsToUse == null) {
if (filteredPds == null) {
filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
}
pvsToUse = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
if (pvsToUse == null) {
return;
}
}
pvs = pvsToUse;
}
}
使用注解进行 bean 注入的时候,会有一个 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 的处理类,它里面有一个 postProcessProperties 方法
@Override
public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
try {
metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
}
catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
}
return pvs;
}
InjectionMetadata 是类的注入元数据,这里通过它来对 bean 中的属性进行注入,它里面提供了多种注入元件,而 ConfigurationProperties 主要通过字段属性进行注入
AutowiredFieldElement 的 inject 方法实现如下
@Override
protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
Field field = (Field) this.member;
Object value;
// 判断是否已缓存,如果缓存了,直接获取
if (this.cached) {
value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
}
else {
// 如果没有缓存,需要从 beanFactory 中获取具体值,然后缓存起来
DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
try {
value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
}
synchronized (this) {
if (!this.cached) {
if (value != null || this.required) {
this.cachedFieldValue = desc;
registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
// 将获取到的值缓存起来
this.cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
desc, autowiredBeanName, field.getType());
}
}
}
else {
this.cachedFieldValue = null;
}
// 修改标记
this.cached = true;
}
}
}
if (value != null) {
// 最终将获取到的值,通过反射进行注入
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
field.set(bean, value);
}
}
接下来调用流程是 resolveDependency -> doResolveDependency -> resolveEmbeddedValue
@Override
@Nullable
public String resolveEmbeddedValue(@Nullable String value) {
if (value == null) {
return null;
}
String result = value;
for (StringValueResolver resolver : this.embeddedValueResolvers) {
result = resolver.resolveStringValue(result);
if (result == null) {
return null;
}
}
return result;
}
最后调用到 PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,通过解析配置文件获取到最终值
@Override
@Nullable
public String resolveStringValue(String strVal) throws BeansException {
String resolved = this.helper.replacePlaceholders(strVal, this.resolver);
if (trimValues) {
resolved = resolved.trim();
}
return (resolved.equals(nullValue) ? null : resolved);
}
6.参考
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