ESP32 下 micropython 使用 SD卡

Posted 2023-05-16

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参考技术A 此处讨论的是使用 SD 卡接口的使用，相对速度较快，不讨论以 SPI 方式的使用。

直接使用会出现 CRC 校验错误的问题，报 0x107 或者 0x109 错误。见此Issues 。
开启芯片的内置上拉也工作不稳定，偶尔会工作正常，但大部分还是出现了错误。
官方建议采取 10K 的外置上拉，但是会在 GPIO2 和 GPIO12 上会出现冲突。

首先要安装 esptool，直接 pip 安装就可以了。之后进入安装路径，运行如下的 cmd 命令，COMX 替换为你的端口号。
注意！烧录 eFuses 是不可逆的，务必提前确定你的模组使用的 3.3V Flash。官方文档链接

会输出如下日志：

完成后你可以使用如下命令检查 efuse 的状态：

设置完成后将 GPIO2 和 GPIO12 上拉到 3.3V，我使用的是 5.1K的电阻，因为手头没找到 10K 的，阻值大小数量级差不多即可。

然后就可以操作 sd 卡上的文件了

注意拔出卡前要关闭文件，卸载 SD 卡，否则有可能损坏文件系统。

写入：0.86 Mbyte/S
读取：1.26 Mbyte/S

注意，在使用 SD 卡，OLED 等有较大电流消耗的情况下启动 Wifi 可能会遇到 Brownout detector was triggered 错误，触发了电压保护，此时更换短一点，质量好一点的usb线，使用供电更充足的usb3.0口可以解决。

MicroPython ESP32通过sdcard模块读取SD卡实例

【MicroPython ESP32】通过sdcard模块读取SD卡实例

本实验基于Thonny平台开发。esp32固件版本MicroPython v1.19.1 on 2022-06-18; ESP32 module with ESP32
Micro SD卡模块(TF卡读写卡器 SPI 带电平转换芯片)
sdcard模块
MicroPython源码：https://github.com/micropython/micropython

sdcard模块可以在MicroPython源码中找到。

"""
MicroPython driver for SD cards using SPI bus.

Requires an SPI bus and a CS pin.  Provides readblocks and writeblocks
methods so the device can be mounted as a filesystem.

Example usage on pyboard:

    import pyb, sdcard, os
    sd = sdcard.SDCard(pyb.SPI(1), pyb.Pin.board.X5)
    pyb.mount(sd, '/sd2')
    os.listdir('/')

Example usage on ESP8266:

    import machine, sdcard, os
    sd = sdcard.SDCard(machine.SPI(1), machine.Pin(15))
    os.mount(sd, '/sd')
    os.listdir('/')

"""

from micropython import const
import time


_CMD_TIMEOUT = const(100)

_R1_IDLE_STATE = const(1 << 0)
# R1_ERASE_RESET = const(1 << 1)
_R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND = const(1 << 2)
# R1_COM_CRC_ERROR = const(1 << 3)
# R1_ERASE_SEQUENCE_ERROR = const(1 << 4)
# R1_ADDRESS_ERROR = const(1 << 5)
# R1_PARAMETER_ERROR = const(1 << 6)
_TOKEN_CMD25 = const(0xFC)
_TOKEN_STOP_TRAN = const(0xFD)
_TOKEN_DATA = const(0xFE)


class SDCard:
    def __init__(self, spi, cs, baudrate=1320000):
        self.spi = spi
        self.cs = cs

        self.cmdbuf = bytearray(6)
        self.dummybuf = bytearray(512)
        self.tokenbuf = bytearray(1)
        for i in range(512):
            self.dummybuf[i] = 0xFF
        self.dummybuf_memoryview = memoryview(self.dummybuf)

        # initialise the card
        self.init_card(baudrate)

    def init_spi(self, baudrate):
        try:
            master = self.spi.MASTER
        except AttributeError:
            # on ESP8266
            self.spi.init(baudrate=baudrate, phase=0, polarity=0)
        else:
            # on pyboard
            self.spi.init(master, baudrate=baudrate, phase=0, polarity=0)

    def init_card(self, baudrate):

        # init CS pin
        self.cs.init(self.cs.OUT, value=1)

        # init SPI bus; use low data rate for initialisation
        self.init_spi(100000)

        # clock card at least 100 cycles with cs high
        for i in range(16):
            self.spi.write(b"\\xff")

        # CMD0: init card; should return _R1_IDLE_STATE (allow 5 attempts)
        for _ in range(5):
            if self.cmd(0, 0, 0x95) == _R1_IDLE_STATE:
                break
        else:
            raise OSError("no SD card")

        # CMD8: determine card version
        r = self.cmd(8, 0x01AA, 0x87, 4)
        if r == _R1_IDLE_STATE:
            self.init_card_v2()
        elif r == (_R1_IDLE_STATE | _R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND):
            self.init_card_v1()
        else:
            raise OSError("couldn't determine SD card version")

        # get the number of sectors
        # CMD9: response R2 (R1 byte + 16-byte block read)
        if self.cmd(9, 0, 0, 0, False) != 0:
            raise OSError("no response from SD card")
        csd = bytearray(16)
        self.readinto(csd)
        if csd[0] & 0xC0 == 0x40:  # CSD version 2.0
            self.sectors = ((csd[8] << 8 | csd[9]) + 1) * 1024
        elif csd[0] & 0xC0 == 0x00:  # CSD version 1.0 (old, <=2GB)
            c_size = (csd[6] & 0b11) << 10 | csd[7] << 2 | csd[8] >> 6
            c_size_mult = (csd[9] & 0b11) << 1 | csd[10] >> 7
            read_bl_len = csd[5] & 0b1111
            capacity = (c_size + 1) * (2 ** (c_size_mult + 2)) * (2**read_bl_len)
            self.sectors = capacity // 512
        else:
            raise OSError("SD card CSD format not supported")
        # print('sectors', self.sectors)

        # CMD16: set block length to 512 bytes
        if self.cmd(16, 512, 0) != 0:
            raise OSError("can't set 512 block size")

        # set to high data rate now that it's initialised
        self.init_spi(baudrate)

    def init_card_v1(self):
        for i in range(_CMD_TIMEOUT):
            self.cmd(55, 0, 0)
            if self.cmd(41, 0, 0) == 0:
                # SDSC card, uses byte addressing in read/write/erase commands
                self.cdv = 512
                # print("[SDCard] v1 card")
                return
        raise OSError("timeout waiting for v1 card")

    def init_card_v2(self):
        for i in range(_CMD_TIMEOUT):
            time.sleep_ms(50)
            self.cmd(58, 0, 0, 4)
            self.cmd(55, 0, 0)
            if self.cmd(41, 0x40000000, 0) == 0:
                self.cmd(58, 0, 0, -4)  # 4-byte response, negative means keep the first byte
                ocr = self.tokenbuf[0]  # get first byte of response, which is OCR
                if not ocr & 0x40:
                    # SDSC card, uses byte addressing in read/write/erase commands
                    self.cdv = 512
                else:
                    # SDHC/SDXC card, uses block addressing in read/write/erase commands
                    self.cdv = 1
                # print("[SDCard] v2 card")
                return
        raise OSError("timeout waiting for v2 card")

    def cmd(self, cmd, arg, crc, final=0, release=True, skip1=False):
        self.cs(0)

        # create and send the command
        buf = self.cmdbuf
        buf[0] = 0x40 | cmd
        buf[1] = arg >> 24
        buf[2] = arg >> 16
        buf[3] = arg >> 8
        buf[4] = arg
        buf[5] = crc
        self.spi.write(buf)

        if skip1:
            self.spi.readinto(self.tokenbuf, 0xFF)

        # wait for the response (response[7] == 0)
        for i in range(_CMD_TIMEOUT):
            self.spi.readinto(self.tokenbuf, 0xFF)
            response = self.tokenbuf[0]
            if not (response & 0x80):
                # this could be a big-endian integer that we are getting here
                # if final<0 then store the first byte to tokenbuf and discard the rest
                if final < 0:
                    self.spi.readinto(self.tokenbuf, 0xFF)
                    final = -1 - final
                for j in range(final):
                    self.spi.write(b"\\xff")
                if release:
                    self.cs(1)
                    self.spi.write(b"\\xff")
                return response

        # timeout
        self.cs(1)
        self.spi.write(b"\\xff")
        return -1

    def readinto(self, buf):
        self.cs(0)

        # read until start byte (0xff)
        for i in range(_CMD_TIMEOUT):
            self.spi.readinto(self.tokenbuf, 0xFF)
            if self.tokenbuf[0] == _TOKEN_DATA:
                break
            time.sleep_ms(1)
        else:
            self.cs(1)
            raise OSError("timeout waiting for response")

        # read data
        mv = self.dummybuf_memoryview
        if len(buf) != len(mv):
            mv = mv[: len(buf)]
        self.spi.write_readinto(mv, buf)

        # read checksum
        self.spi.write(b"\\xff")
        self.spi.write(b"\\xff")

        self.cs(1)
        self.spi.write(b"\\xff")

    def write(self, token, buf):
        self.cs(0)

        # send: start of block, data, checksum
        self.spi.read(1, token)
        self.spi.write(buf)
        self.spi.write(b"\\xff")
        self.spi.write(b"\\xff")

        # check the response
        if (self.spi.read(1, 0xFF)[0] & 0x1F) != 0x05:
            self.cs(1)
            self.spi.write(b"\\xff")
            return

        # wait for write to finish
        while self.spi.read(1, 0xFF)[0] == 0:
            pass

        self.cs(1)
        self.spi.write(b"\\xff")

    def write_token(self, token):
        self.cs(0)
        self.spi.read(1, token)
        self.spi.write(b"\\xff")
        # wait for write to finish
        while self.spi.read(1, 0xFF)[0] == 0x00:
            pass

        self.cs(1)
        self.spi.write(b"\\xff")

    def readblocks(self, block_num, buf):
        nblocks = len(buf) // 512
        assert nblocks and not len(buf) % 512, "Buffer length is invalid"
        if nblocks == 1:
            # CMD17: set read address for single block
            if self.cmd(17, block_num * self.cdv, 0, release=False) != 0:
                # release the card
                self.cs(1)
                raise OSError(5)  # EIO
            # receive the data and release card
            self.readinto(buf)
        else:
            # CMD18: set read address for multiple blocks
            if self.cmd(18, block_num * self.cdv, 0, release=False) != 0:
                # release the card
                self.cs(1)
                raise OSError(5)  # EIO
            offset = 0
            mv = memoryview(buf)
            while nblocks:
                # receive the data and release card
                self.readinto(mv[offset : offset + 512])
                offset += 512
                nblocks -= 1
            if self.cmd(12, 0, 0xFF, skip1=True):
                raise OSError(5)  # EIO

    def writeblocks(self, block_num, buf):
        nblocks, err = divmod(len(buf), 512)
        assert nblocks and not err, "Buffer length is invalid"
        if nblocks == 1:
            # CMD24: set write address for single block
            if self.cmd(24, block_num * self.cdv, 0) != 0:
                raise OSError(5)  # EIO

            # send the data
            self.write(_TOKEN_DATA, buf)
        else:
            # CMD25: set write address for first block
            if self.cmd(25, block_num * self.cdv, 0) != 0:
                raise OSError(5)  # EIO
            # send the data
            offset = 0
            mv = memoryview(buf)
            while nblocks:
                self.write(_TOKEN_CMD25, mv[offset : offset + 512])
                offset += 512
                nblocks -= 1
            self.write_token(_TOKEN_STOP_TRAN)

    def ioctl(self, op, arg):
        if op == 4:  # get number of blocks
            return self.sectors
        if op == 5:  # get block size in bytes
            return 512

引脚接线说明

使用的是VSPI总线

SPI	MOSI	MISO	CLK	CS
VSPI	23	19	18	5

SPI通讯

1.GND-for the ground pins.
2.VCC-for the supply voltage.
3.MISO-for the SPI Master Input Slave Output pin.
4.MOSI-for the SPI Master Output Slave Input pin.
5.SCK-for the SPI Serial Clock pin.
6.CS-for the SPI Chip Select pin.

gnd -用于接地插脚。
vcc- 电源电压。
miso-用于SPI主输入从输出引脚。
mosi -用于SPI主输出从输入引脚。
sck -用于SPI串行时钟引脚。
cs -用于SPI芯片选择引脚。

esp32 Devkeit

sck=Pin(17), 
mosi=Pin(23),
miso=Pin(19)
SD_CS= Pin(5)

本实例需要引入sdcard模块

运行代码前，需要先将sdcard模块保存到MicroPython设备当中。

程序实例一代码

import machine, sdcard, os
from machine import SPI
from machine import Pin
SD_CS = Pin(5)
sd = sdcard.SDCard(SPI(2,sck=Pin(17), mosi=Pin(23),miso=Pin(19)), SD_CS)
# 初始化⽂件系统
vfs = os.VfsFat(sd)# fat挂载卡到⽬录下
os.mount(sd,"/sd")# SD/sd
dirs=os.listdir('/sd')
for file in dirs:   
    print(file)

程序实例二代码

import os, sdcard, machine
from machine import SPI
from machine import Pin

def sdtest():
    SD_CS = Pin(5)
    sd = sdcard.SDCard(SPI(2,sck=Pin(17), mosi=Pin(23),miso=Pin(19)), SD_CS)  
    vfs = os.VfsFat(sd)
    os.mount(vfs, "/fc")
    print("Filesystem check")
    print(os.listdir("/fc"))

    line = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\\n"
    lines = line * 200  # 5400 chars
    short = "1234567890\\n"

    fn = "/fc/rats.txt"
    print()
    print("Multiple block read/write")
    with open(fn, "w") as f:
        n = f.write(lines)
        print(n, "bytes written")
        n = f.write(short)
        print(n, "bytes written")
        n = f.write(lines)
        print(n, "bytes written")

    with open(fn, "r") as f:
        result1 = f.read()
        print(len(result1), "bytes read"MicroPython ESP32通过sdcard模块软SPI读取SD卡实例
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