16 搭建Spring Data JPA的开发环境
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使用Spring Data JPA，需要整合Spring与Spring Data JPA，并且需要提供JPA的服务提供者hibernate，所以需要导入spring相关坐标，hibernate坐标，数据库驱动坐标等
<properties> <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version> <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version> <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version> <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version> <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- junit单元测试 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.9</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring end --> <!-- hibernate beg --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>5.2.1.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate end --> <!-- c3p0 beg --> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>${c3p0.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- c3p0 end --> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task-4.1" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"> <!-- 1.dataSource 配置数据库连接池--> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa" /> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> </bean> <!-- 2.配置entityManagerFactory --> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.oracle.entity" /> <property name="persistenceProvider"> <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider" /> </property> <!--JPA的供应商适配器--> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <property name="generateDdl" value="false" /> <property name="database" value="MYSQL" /> <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" /> <property name="showSql" value="true" /> </bean> </property> <property name="jpaDialect"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" /> </property> </bean> <!-- 3.事务管理器--> <!-- JPA事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /> </bean>
<!-- 整合spring data jpa--> <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.oracle.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories>
<!-- 4.txAdvice--> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 5.aop--> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.oracle.service.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" /> </aop:config> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.oracle"></context:component-scan> <!--组装其它 配置文件--> </beans>
package cn.oracle.entity; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; /** * * * 所有的注解都是使用JPA的规范提供的注解， * * 所以在导入注解包的时候，一定要导入javax.persistence下的 */ @Entity //声明实体类 @Table(name="customer") //建立实体类和表的映射关系 @Data public class Customer { @Id//声明当前私有属性为主键 @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) //配置主键的生成策略 @Column(name="cid") //指定和表中cid字段的映射关系 private Long cId; @Column(name="cname") //指定和表中cname字段的映射关系 private String cName; @Column(name="source")//指定和表中source字段的映射关系 private String source; @Column(name="industry")//指定和表中industry字段的映射关系 private String industry; @Column(name="level")//指定和表中level字段的映射关系 private String level; @Column(name="address")//指定和表中address字段的映射关系 private String address; @Column(name="phone")//指定和表中phone字段的映射关系 private String phone; }
Spring Data JPA是spring提供的一款对于数据访问层（Dao层）的框架，使用Spring Data JPA，只需要按照框架的规范提供dao接口，不需要实现类就可以完成数据库的增删改查、分页查询等方法的定义，极大的简化了我们的开发过程。
在Spring Data JPA中，对于定义符合规范的Dao层接口，我们只需要遵循以下几点就可以了：
1.创建一个Dao层接口，并实现JpaRepository和JpaSpecificationExecutor
package cn.oracle.dao; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor; import cn.oracle.entity.Customer; /** * JpaRepository<实体类类型，主键类型>：用来完成基本CRUD操作 * JpaSpecificationExecutor<实体类类型>：用于复杂查询（分页等查询操作） */ public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> { }
这样我们就定义好了一个符合Spring Data JPA规范的Dao层接口
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations="classpath*:*applicationContext.xml") public class CustomerDaoTest { @Autowired private CustomerDao customerDao; /** * 保存客户：调用save(obj)方法 */ @Test public void testSave() { Customer c = new Customer(); c.setCName("张三"); customerDao.save(c); } /** * 修改客户：调用save(obj)方法 * 对于save方法的解释：如果执行此方法是对象中存在id属性，即为更新操作会先根据id查询，再更新 * 如果执行此方法中对象中不存在id属性，即为保存操作 * */ @Test public void testUpdate() { //根据id查询id为1的客户 Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(1l); //修改客户名称 customer.setCustName("张三"); //更新 customerDao.save(customer); } /** * 根据id删除：调用delete(id)方法 */ @Test public void testDelete() { customerDao.delete(1l); } /** * 根据id查询：调用findOne(id)方法 */ @Test public void testFindById() { Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(2l); System.out.println(customer); } }
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