spring data jpa 一对多查询

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在一对多关系中,我们习惯把一的一方称之为主表,把多的一方称之为从表。在数据库中建立一对多的关系,需要使用数据库的外键约束。

什么是外键?

指的是从表中有一列,取值参照主表的主键,这一列就是外键。

 

package com.ytkj.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 *          @Entity
 *         	作用:指定当前类是实体类。
 *         @Table
 *         	作用:指定实体类和表之间的对应关系。
 *         	属性:
 *         		name:指定数据库表的名称
 *         @Id
 *         	作用:指定当前字段是主键。
 *         @GeneratedValue
 *         	作用:指定主键的生成方式。。
 *         	属性:
 *         		strategy :指定主键生成策略。
 *         @Column
 *         	作用:指定实体类属性和数据库表之间的对应关系
 *         	属性:
 *         		name:指定数据库表的列名称。
 *         		unique:是否唯一
 *         		nullable:是否可以为空
 *         		inserttable:是否可以插入
 *         		updateable:是否可以更新
 *         		columnDefinition: 定义建表时创建此列的DDL
 *         		secondaryTable: 从表名。如果此列不建在主表上(默认建在主表),该属性定义该列所在从表的名字搭建开发环境[重点]
 *          @OneToMany:
 *    	    作用:建立一对多的关系映射
 *          属性:
 *     	    targetEntityClass:指定多的多方的类的字节码
 *     	    mappedBy:指定从表实体类中引用主表对象的名称。
 *     	    cascade:指定要使用的级联操作
 *     	    fetch:指定是否采用延迟加载
 *     	    orphanRemoval:是否使用孤儿删除
 *
 *          @ManyToOne
 *          作用:建立多对一的关系
 *          属性:
 *     	    targetEntityClass:指定一的一方实体类字节码
 *     	    cascade:指定要使用的级联操作
 *     	    fetch:指定是否采用延迟加载
 *     	    optional:关联是否可选。如果设置为false,则必须始终存在非空关系。
 *
 *          @JoinColumn
 *          作用:用于定义主键字段和外键字段的对应关系。
 *          属性:
 *     	    name:指定外键字段的名称
 *     	    referencedColumnName:指定引用主表的主键字段名称
 *     	    unique:是否唯一。默认值不唯一
 *     	    nullable:是否允许为空。默认值允许。
 *     	    insertable:是否允许插入。默认值允许。
 *     	    updatable:是否允许更新。默认值允许。
 *     	    columnDefinition:列的定义信息。
 *
 * 	        cascade:配置级联操作
 * 	  		CascadeType.MERGE	级联更新
 * 	  		CascadeType.PERSIST	级联保存:
 * 	  		CascadeType.REFRESH 级联刷新:
 * 	 		CascadeType.REMOVE	级联删除:
 * 	 		CascadeType.ALL		包含所有
 *
 * 客户实体类
 *      配置映射关系
 *          实体类和表映射
 *          实体类属性和表字段映射
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_customer")
public class Customer implements Serializable {
    /**
     * 声明主键配置
     */
    @Id
    /**
     * 配置主键的生成策略
     */
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    /**
     * 指定实体类属性和数据库表之间的对应关系
     */
    @Column(name ="cust_id")
    private Long custId;//客户主键
    @Column(name = "cust_name")
    private String custName;//客户名称
    @Column(name ="cust_source" )
    private String custSource;//客户来源
    @Column(name = "cust_industry")
    private String custIndustry;//客户行业
    @Column(name ="cust_level")
    private String custLevel;//客户级别
    @Column(name ="cust_address")
    private String custAddress;//客户地址
    @Column(name = "cust_phone")
    private String custPhone;//客户电话

    //配置客户和联系人的关系(一个客户有多个联系人,一对多)
    /**
     * 使用注解的形式配置多表关系
     *      1.声明关系
     *            @OneToMany :配置一对多
     *              targetEntity:对方对象的字节码对象
     *      2.使用外键
     *           @JoinColumn
     *              name:外键字段名称
     *              referencedColumnName:参照的主表的主键字段名称
     *     在主表客户实体类上(一的乙方)添加了外键的配置,所以对于客户而言,也具备了维护外键
     *
     *     cascade:配置级联操作
     *   	  		CascadeType.MERGE	级联更新
     *  	  		CascadeType.PERSIST	级联保存:
     *  	  		CascadeType.REFRESH 级联刷新:
     *  	 		CascadeType.REMOVE	级联删除:
     *  	 		CascadeType.ALL		包含所有
     */
    @OneToMany(targetEntity =LinkMan.class,cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinColumn(name = "lkm_cust_id",referencedColumnName = "cust_id")
    private List<LinkMan> linkMans=new ArrayList<>();




    public Long getCustId() {
        return custId;
    }

    public void setCustId(Long custId) {
        this.custId = custId;
    }

    public String getCustName() {
        return custName;
    }

    public void setCustName(String custName) {
        this.custName = custName;
    }

    public String getCustSource() {
        return custSource;
    }

    public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
        this.custSource = custSource;
    }

    public String getCustIndustry() {
        return custIndustry;
    }

    public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
        this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
    }

    public String getCustLevel() {
        return custLevel;
    }

    public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
        this.custLevel = custLevel;
    }

    public String getCustAddress() {
        return custAddress;
    }

    public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
        this.custAddress = custAddress;
    }

    public String getCustPhone() {
        return custPhone;
    }

    public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
        this.custPhone = custPhone;
    }

    public List<LinkMan> getLinkMans() {
        return linkMans;
    }

    public void setLinkMans(List<LinkMan> linkMans) {
        this.linkMans = linkMans;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "custId=" + custId +
                ", custName=‘" + custName + ‘‘‘ +
                ", custSource=‘" + custSource + ‘‘‘ +
                ", custIndustry=‘" + custIndustry + ‘‘‘ +
                ", custLevel=‘" + custLevel + ‘‘‘ +
                ", custAddress=‘" + custAddress + ‘‘‘ +
                ", custPhone=‘" + custPhone + ‘‘‘ +
                ‘}‘;
    }
}

 

  

package com.ytkj.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;


/**
 * 联系人实体类
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_linkman")
public class LinkMan implements Serializable {

    /**
     * 主键
     */
    @Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy= GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name="lkm_id")
	private Long lkmId;
	@Column(name="lkm_name")
	private String lkmName;
	@Column(name="lkm_gender")
	private String lkmGender;
	@Column(name="lkm_phone")
	private String lkmPhone;
	@Column(name="lkm_mobile")
	private String lkmMobile;
	@Column(name="lkm_email")
	private String lkmEmail;
	@Column(name="lkm_position")
	private String lkmPosition;
	@Column(name="lkm_memo")
	private String lkmMemo;

    /**
     * 配置联系人到客户的多对一的关系
     *  1.配置表关系
     *       @ManyToOne
     *          配置多对一关系
     *              targetEntity:对方实体类字节码
     *  2.配置外键
     *          name:外键字段名称
     *          referencedColumnName:参照的主表的主键字段名称
     * @return
     */
    @ManyToOne(targetEntity = Customer.class)
    @JoinColumn(name = "lkm_cust_id",referencedColumnName = "cust_id")
	private Customer customer;


    public Long getLkmId() {
        return lkmId;
    }

    public void setLkmId(Long lkmId) {
        this.lkmId = lkmId;
    }

    public String getLkmName() {
        return lkmName;
    }

    public void setLkmName(String lkmName) {
        this.lkmName = lkmName;
    }

    public String getLkmGender() {
        return lkmGender;
    }

    public void setLkmGender(String lkmGender) {
        this.lkmGender = lkmGender;
    }

    public String getLkmPhone() {
        return lkmPhone;
    }

    public void setLkmPhone(String lkmPhone) {
        this.lkmPhone = lkmPhone;
    }

    public String getLkmMobile() {
        return lkmMobile;
    }

    public void setLkmMobile(String lkmMobile) {
        this.lkmMobile = lkmMobile;
    }

    public String getLkmEmail() {
        return lkmEmail;
    }

    public void setLkmEmail(String lkmEmail) {
        this.lkmEmail = lkmEmail;
    }

    public String getLkmPosition() {
        return lkmPosition;
    }

    public void setLkmPosition(String lkmPosition) {
        this.lkmPosition = lkmPosition;
    }

    public String getLkmMemo() {
        return lkmMemo;
    }

    public void setLkmMemo(String lkmMemo) {
        this.lkmMemo = lkmMemo;
    }

    public Customer getCustomer() {
        return customer;
    }

    public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
        this.customer = customer;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "LinkMan{" +
                "lkmId=" + lkmId +
                ", lkmName=‘" + lkmName + ‘‘‘ +
                ", lkmGender=‘" + lkmGender + ‘‘‘ +
                ", lkmPhone=‘" + lkmPhone + ‘‘‘ +
                ", lkmMobile=‘" + lkmMobile + ‘‘‘ +
                ", lkmEmail=‘" + lkmEmail + ‘‘‘ +
                ", lkmPosition=‘" + lkmPosition + ‘‘‘ +
                ", lkmMemo=‘" + lkmMemo + ‘‘‘ +
                ‘}‘;
    }



}

  

package com.ytkj.dao;

import com.ytkj.entity.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;

/**
 * JpaRepository<实体类类型,主键类型>:用来完成基本CRUD操作
 * JpaSpecificationExecutor<实体类类型>:用于复杂查询(分页等查询操作)
 */
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {


}

  

package com.ytkj.dao;

import com.ytkj.entity.LinkMan;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;

public interface LinkManDao extends JpaRepository<LinkMan,Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<LinkMan> {

}

  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">

    <!--spring和spring-data-jpa的整合-->

    <!--1.创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring管理-->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <!--数据库注入-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--配置包的扫描-->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.ytkj.entity"/>
        <!--jpa实现厂家-->
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"></bean>
        </property>
        <!--JPA的供应商适配器-->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <!--配置是否自动创建数据库表-->
                <property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
                <!--指定数据库类型-->
                <property name="database" value="mysql" />
                <!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法-->
                <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
                <!--是否显示sql语句-->
                <property name="showSql" value="true" />
            </bean>
        </property>

        <!--jpa方言:高级特性-->
        <property name="jpaDialect">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!--2.创建数据连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <!--数据库信息-->
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://192.168.2.101:3306/ytkj?serverTimeZone=UTC"/>
        <property name="user" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="123456"/>
    </bean>

    <!--3.整合spring-data-jpa-->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.ytkj.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transacManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories>

    <!--4.配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transacManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
    </bean>

    <!--5.声明式事务-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transacManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <!-- 5.aop-->
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.ytkj.service.*.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" />
    </aop:config>

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ytkj"/>

</beans>

  

import com.ytkj.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.ytkj.dao.LinkManDao;
import com.ytkj.entity.Customer;
import com.ytkj.entity.LinkMan;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * 一对多测试 保存/删除操作
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//声明spring提供的单元测试环境
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")//指定spring容器的配置信息
public class SpringdatajpaOneToManyTest {
    @Autowired
    CustomerDao customerDao;
    @Autowired
    LinkManDao linkManDao;

    /**
     * 保存操作
     * 需求:
     * 	保存一个客户和一个联系人
     * 要求:
     * 	创建一个客户对象和一个联系人对象
     *  建立客户和联系人之间关联关系(双向一对多的关联关系)
     *  先保存客户,再保存联系人
     * 问题:
     *		当我们建立了双向的关联关系之后,先保存主表,再保存从表时:
     *		会产生2条insert和1条update.
     * 		而实际开发中我们只需要2条insert。
     *
     */
    @Test
    @Transactional//添加事务
    @Rollback(value = false)//设置不自动回滚
    public  void  test(){
        //创建客户联系人
        Customer customer=new Customer();
        customer.setCustName("丁丁");

        LinkMan linkMan=new LinkMan();
        linkMan.setLkmName("芳芳");
        /**
         * 配置客户到联系人关系(一对多)
         */
        customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
        customerDao.save(customer);
        linkManDao.save(linkMan);
    }


    @Test
    @Transactional//添加事务
    @Rollback(value = false)//设置不自动回滚
    public  void  test2(){
        //创建客户联系人
        Customer customer=new Customer();
        customer.setCustName("丁丁1");

        LinkMan linkMan=new LinkMan();
        linkMan.setLkmName("芳芳1");
        /**
         * 配置联系人到客户关系(多对一)
         */
        linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
        customerDao.save(customer);
        linkManDao.save(linkMan);
    }


    @Test
    @Transactional//添加事务
    @Rollback(value = false)//设置不自动回滚
    public  void  test3(){
        //创建客户联系人
        Customer customer=new Customer();
        customer.setCustName("丁丁3");

        LinkMan linkMan=new LinkMan();
        linkMan.setLkmName("芳芳3");

        /**
         * 配置客户到联系人关系(一对多)
         */
        customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
        /**
         * 配置联系人到客户关系(多对一)
         */
        linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
        customerDao.save(customer);
        linkManDao.save(linkMan);
    }


    /**
     * 级联添加
     * 需要在操作主题实体类上添加cascade属性
     */
    @Test
    @Transactional//添加事务
    @Rollback(value = false)//设置不自动回滚
    public  void  test4(){
        //创建客户联系人
        Customer customer=new Customer();
        customer.setCustName("丁丁4");

        LinkMan linkMan=new LinkMan();
        linkMan.setLkmName("芳芳4");

        /**
         * 配置客户到联系人关系(一对多)
         */
        customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
        /**
         * 配置联系人到客户关系(多对一)
         */
        linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
        customerDao.save(customer);

    }

    /**
     * 级联删除
     * 需要在操作主题实体类上添加cascade属性
     */
    @Test
    @Transactional//添加事务
    @Rollback(value = false)//设置不自动回滚
    public  void  test5(){
       //查询1号客户
        Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(1l);
        //删除1号客户
        customerDao.delete(customer);

    }

}

  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.ytkj</groupId>
    <artifactId>springdatajpa</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <spring.version>5.1.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
        <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>



        <!-- junit单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.9</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.8</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--spring对orm框架支持-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring end -->

        <!-- hibernate beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hibernate end -->

        <!-- c3p0 beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- c3p0 end -->

        <!-- log end -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log end -->


        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--sprngdatajpa依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- el end -->
    </dependencies>

</project>

  

 

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