RabbitMQ之交换机及spring整合

Posted 2020-11-23 sosos

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篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了RabbitMQ之交换机及spring整合相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。

交换机

交换机属性：

Name：交换机名称

Type：交换机类型 direct、topic、fanout、headers

Durability：是否需要持久化，true为持久化

Auto Delete：当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后，自动删除该Exchange

Internal：当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用，默认为False

Arguments：扩展参数，用于扩展AMQP协议，定制化使用

直流交换机

直连交换机Direct Exchange（完全匹配路由key）

所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息会被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue

注意：Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange：default Exchange，所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定（binding）操作，消息传递时，RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收，否则该消息会被抛弃；

消费端代码

package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;


public class Consumer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {


        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "direct";
        String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";

        //表示声明了一个交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        //表示声明了一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        //建立一个绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端代码

package com.jt.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;


public class Producer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.147.146");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";
//        String routingKey = "test.direct111"; //收不到
        //5 发送

        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4  Direct Exchange Message 111 ... ";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes());

    }
}

主题交换机

主题交换机Topic Exchange（匹配路由规则的交换机）

所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关系RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上；

Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配，此时队列需要绑定一个Topic；

注意：可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配

符号：“#” 匹配一个或者多个词

符号：“*” 匹配不多不少一个词

列如：

“log.#” 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa”

“log.*” 能够匹配到 “log.err”

消费端代码

package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;


public class Consumer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {


        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "topic";
        String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
        String routingKey = "user.#";
//        String routingKey = "user.*";
        // 1 声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        // 2 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        // 3 建立交换机和队列的绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端代码

package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;


public class Producer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "user.save";
        String routingKey2 = "user.update";
        String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
        //5 发送

        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ...";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

输出交换机

输出交换机Fanout Exchange（不做路由）

不处理路由键，只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上；

发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上；

Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的

消费端代码

package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;


public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "fanout";
        String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
        String routingKey = "";    //不设置路由键
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端代码

package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;


public class Producer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        //5 发送
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
            String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ...";
            channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes());
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

Binding-绑定

Exchange和Exchange、Queue之间的连接关系；
Binding中可以包含RoutingKey或者参数

Queue-消息队列

消息队列，实际存储消息数据
Durability：是否持久化
Durable：是，Transient：否
Auto delete：如选yes，代表当最后一个监听被移除之后，该Queue会自动被删除

Message-消息

服务器和应用程序之间传递的数据
本质上就是一段数据，由Properties和Payload（Body）组成
常用属性：delivery model、headers（自定义属性）


Message-其他属性
content_type、content_encoding、priority
correlation_id、reply_to、expiration、message_id
Timestamp、type、user_id、app_id、cluster_id

Virtual host-虚拟主机

虚拟地址，用于进行逻辑隔离，最上层的消息路由
一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个Exchange和Queue
同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange或Queue

RabbitMQ整合 SpringCloud实战

注意一点，在发送消息的时候对template进行配置mandatory=true保证监听有效

生产端还可以配置其他属性，比如发送重试，超时时间、次数、间隔等

消费端核心配置

u 首先配置手工确认模式，用于ACK的手工处理，这样我们可以保证消息的可靠性送达，或者在消费端消费失败的时候可以做到重回队列、根据业务记录日志等处理

u 可以设置消费端的监听个数和最大个数，用于控制消费端的并发情况

@RabbitListener注解的使用

消费端监听@RabbitListener注解，这个对于在实际工作中非常的好用

u @RabbitListener是一个组合注解，里面可以注解配置（@QueueBinding、@Queue、@Exchange）直接通过这个组合注解一次性搞定消费端交换机、队列、绑定、路由、并且配置监听功能

注：由于类配置写在代码里非常不友好，所以强烈建议大家使用配置文件配置

相关代码

rabbitmq-common子项目

package com.jt.rabbitmqcommon.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;


public class Order implements Serializable {

    private String id;
    private String name;

    public Order() {
    }
    public Order(String id, String name) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }


}

rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer子项目

Pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.jt</groupId>
    <artifactId>rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
        <groupId>com.jt</groupId>
        <artifactId>rabbitmq-common</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.properties配置

spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.171.132:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000

spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10

spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*

RabbitReceiver

package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudconsumer.conusmer;

import com.jt.rabbitmqcommon.entity.Order;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Headers;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Map;

@Component
public class RabbitReceiver {

   
   @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
         value = @Queue(value = "queue-1", 
         durable="true"),
         exchange = @Exchange(value = "exchange-1", 
         durable="true", 
         type= "topic", 
         ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true"),
         key = "springboot.*"
         )
   )
   @RabbitHandler
   public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
      System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
      System.err.println("消费端Payload: " + message.getPayload());
      Long deliveryTag = (Long)message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
      //手工ACK
      channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
   }
   
   
   /**
    * 
    *     spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
      spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
      spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-1
      spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
      spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
      spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
      spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
    * @param order
    * @param channel
    * @param headers
    * @throws Exception
    */
   @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
         value = @Queue(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name}", 
         durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable}"),
         exchange = @Exchange(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name}", 
         durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable}", 
         type= "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type}", 
         ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions}"),
         key = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key}"
         )
   )
   @RabbitHandler
   public void onOrderMessage(@Payload Order order,
         Channel channel, 
         @Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception {
      System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
      System.err.println("消费端order: " + order.getId());
      Long deliveryTag = (Long)headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
      //手工ACK
      channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
   }
   
   
}

MainConfig.java

package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudconsumer;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudconsumer.*"})
public class MainConfig {

}

rabbitmq-springcloud-producer子项目

Pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.jt</groupId>
    <artifactId>rabbitmq-springcloud-producer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>rabbitmq-springcloud-producer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.jt</groupId>
            <artifactId>rabbitmq-common</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.properties

spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.171.132:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000

spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true

RabbitSender.java

package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer.producer;

import com.jt.rabbitmqcommon.entity.Order;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Map;


@Component
public class RabbitSender {

   //自动注入RabbitTemplate模板类
   @Autowired
   private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;  
   
   //回调函数: confirm确认
   final ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new ConfirmCallback() {
      @Override
      public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
         System.err.println("correlationData: " + correlationData);
         System.err.println("ack: " + ack);
         if(!ack){
            System.err.println("异常处理....");
         }
      }
   };
   
   //回调函数: return返回
   final ReturnCallback returnCallback = new ReturnCallback() {
      @Override
      public void returnedMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message message, int replyCode, String replyText,
            String exchange, String routingKey) {
         System.err.println("return exchange: " + exchange + ", routingKey: " 
            + routingKey + ", replyCode: " + replyCode + ", replyText: " + replyText);
      }
   };
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