Retrofit2与RxJava用法大全
Posted 星辰
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Retrofit2
是square
公司出品的一个网络请求库,网上有很多相关的介绍。我很久以前都想去研究了,但一直都有各种事情耽搁,现在就让我们一起去捋一捋,这篇主要讲解Retrofit2
与RxJava
的基本用法。
-
get
请求 -
post
请求 -
文件上传
-
文件下载
-
开启日志拦截
-
与RxJava结合使用
什么是Retrofit2
官网是这么介绍的:
Retrofit adapts a Java interface to HTTP calls by using annotations on the declared methods to define how requests are made。
我翻译的可能不准确,他的大概意思是说:Retrofit 是一个 java 接口类,以注解的方式用于 HTTP 网络请求。那下面我们一起来看看是怎么使用的?
使用前的配置
build.gradle 的 dependencies 添加:
compile ‘com.google.code.gson:gson:2.3.1‘ compile ‘com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.0.0‘ compile ‘com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.0.0‘ compile ‘com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.2.0‘
获取Retrofit实例
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl("http://plus31.366ec.net/") .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .build();
需要注意的是baseUrl
添加的是地址的主域名。
申明RestService接口类
public interface RestService { @GET("/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list") Call<ResponseBody> getManagerData(@Query("StoreId") int id); }
@GET
包含的是请求地址,是主域名之后的地址。举个例子,请求的
全地址:http://plus31.366ec.net/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list
,
主域名为:http://plus31.366ec.net/
@GET包含的地址为:/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list
这样就完成了一个简单的@GET
封装。
创建RestClient类
public class RestClient { private Retrofit mRetrofit; private static final String BASE_URL = "http://plus31.366ec.net/"; private RestService mService; //构造方法 public RestClient() { mRetrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(BASE_URL) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .build(); mService = mRetrofit.create(RestService.class); } public RestService getRectService() { if (mService != null) { return mService; } return null; } }
这样就生成了一个简单的代理类,然后就可以进行相应请求了。
Get请求
public class SimpleGetActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private Button btnGet; private TextView tvResult; private RestClient mRestClient; @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_simple_get); btnGet = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_get); tvResult = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_result); btnGet.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { //获取实例 mRestClient = new RestClient(); Call<ResponseBody> responseBodyCall = mRestClient.getRectService().getManagerData(49); //调用回调接口 responseBodyCall.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() { @Override public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) { try { tvResult.setText(response.body().string()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) { } }); } }); } }
一起来看看效果:
分析返回的 json
数据,包含集合,那么我们可以进一步对接口返回值进行数据的封装。
BaseResponse类
public class BaseResponse<T> { @SerializedName("data") public List<T> managerList; @SerializedName("code") public int code; @SerializedName("message") public String message; }
注意:BaseResponse
类的字段,根据自己返回json
数据新增或者删除。
根据返回的json
集合,那么我们肯定有个实体类了。
Manager类
public class Manager { public int Id; public String UserName; }
Manager
类你可以替换成你自己的实体类。
Get的进一步封装
@GET("/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list") Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> getManagerDatas(@Query("StoreId") int id);
注意:我们这里对方法的返回值进行了一个修改Call<BaseResponse<Manager>>
来看看封装后的Activity
类:
public class GetActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private Button btnGet; private RestClient mRestClient; private RecyclerView mRecyclerView; private BaseRecyclerAdapter<Manager> mAdapter; @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_get); btnGet = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_get); mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.rv); mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this)); btnGet.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { //获取实例 mRestClient = new RestClient(); Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> baseResponseCall = mRestClient.getRectService().getManagerDatas(49); baseResponseCall.enqueue(new Callback<BaseResponse<Manager>>() { @Override public void onResponse(Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> call, Response<BaseResponse<Manager>> response) { //获取返回的集合数据 //response.body().managerList mAdapter = new BaseRecyclerAdapter<Manager>(GetActivity.this, response.body().managerList, R.layout.rv_item) { @Override protected void convert(BaseViewHolder helper, Manager item) { helper.setText(R.id.tv_item_text, item.UserName); } }; mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter); } @Override public void onFailure(Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> call, Throwable t) { } }); } }); } }
来看看效果:
Get常用技巧
HashMap组装参数
:
@GET("/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list") Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> getManagerDatas(@QueryMap HashMap<String, String> hm);
Get
请求就讲到这里了,下面一起来看看 Post
请求。
Post请求
@FormUrlEncoded @POST("/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list") Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> postManagerDatas(@Field("StoreId") int id);
@Field("StoreId") int id
可以替换@Body
,@Body
你可以传入HashMap
、实体 beans
等对象。
注意:以@Body
上传参数,会默认加上Content-Type: application/json;
charset=UTF-8
的请求头,即以JSON
格式请求,再以JSON
格式响应。
单个文件上传
@Multipart @POST("/UploadProduct.axd") Call<ResponseBody> uploadSimpleFile(@Part MultipartBody.Part file);
文件上传稍微复杂点,具体请看以下代码:
File file = new File("/sdcard/", "a.xlxs"); //file RequestBody requestFile = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file); //监听上传进度 CountingRequestBody countingRequestBody = new CountingRequestBody(requestFile, new CountingRequestBody.Liste @Override public void onRequestProgress(long bytesWritten, long contentLength) { tvFile.setText("上传进度:" + contentLength + ":" + bytesWritten); } }); MultipartBody.Part body = MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("file", file.getName(),countingRequestBody); mRestClient = new RestClient("http://192.168.4.111:686/"); Call<ResponseBody> responseBodyCall = mRestClient.getRectService().uploadSimpleFile(body); responseBodyCall.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() { @Override public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) { tvFile.setText("上传成功"); } @Override public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) { tvFile.setText(t.toString()); } });
看看效果图:
多文件上传
@Multipart @POST("/HpWens/ProgressDemos/") Call<ResponseBody> uploads(@PartMap Map<String, RequestBody> params);
private void initData() { //保证文件按顺序上传 使用LinkedHashMap params = new LinkedHashMap<>(); File file1 = new File("/sdcard/", "a.xlxs"); final RequestBody requestBody1 = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file1); //监听上传进度 CountingRequestBody countingRequestBody1 = new CountingRequestBody(requestBody1, new CountingRequestBody.Listener() { @Override public void onRequestProgress(long bytesWritten, long contentLength) { tvFile1.setText("上传进度:" + contentLength + ":" + bytesWritten); } }); params.put("file";filename="" + file1.getName(), countingRequestBody1); File file2 = new File("/sdcard/", "a.xlxs"); RequestBody requestBody2 = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file2); //监听上传进度 CountingRequestBody countingRequestBody2 = new CountingRequestBody(requestBody2, new CountingRequestBody.Listener() { @Override public void onRequestProgress(long bytesWritten, long contentLength) { tvFile2.setText("上传进度:" + contentLength + ":" + bytesWritten); } }); params.put("file";filename="" + file2.getName(), countingRequestBody2); mRestClient = new RestClient("http://192.168.4.111:686/"); btnUpload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { Call<ResponseBody> responseBodyCall = mRestClient.getRectService().uploadMultiFiles(params); responseBodyCall.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() { @Override public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) { tvFile1.setText("上传成功"); tvFile2.setText("上传成功"); } @Override public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) { } }); } }); }
在文章的后面我会附上源码,这里我就不在贴图了,具体请看demo
文件下载
@Streaming @GET("/image/h%3D360/sign=86aee1fbf1deb48fe469a7d8c01e3aef/{filename}") Call<ResponseBody> downFile(@Path("filename") String fileName);
处理方式基本和上面几种差不多:
public class DownFileActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private ImageView iv; private Button btnDown; private RestClient mRestClient; private String fileName; @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_down_file); iv = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv); btnDown = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_down); mRestClient = new RestClient("http://d.hiphotos.baidu.com/"); fileName = "b812c8fcc3cec3fd8757dcefd488d43f8794273a.jpg"; btnDown.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { Call<ResponseBody> userCall = mRestClient.getRectService().downFile(fileName); userCall.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() { @Override public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) { iv.setImageBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeStream(response.body().byteStream())); //saveFile(response.body().byteStream()); } @Override public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) { } }); } }); } public void saveFile(InputStream is){ try { String fn = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + fileName; FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fn); byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1) { fos.write(buf, 0, len); } is.close(); fos.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { } } }
效果一览:
开启OKHttp的日志拦截
开启日志后,会记录request和response的相关信息,非常实用,也非常强大,不知道是否是编码格式,我下载图片打印的全是乱码。
public void initRestClint(String baseUrl) { logging.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY); OkHttpClient.Builder httpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder(); httpClient.addInterceptor(logging); mRetrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(baseUrl) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create()) .client(httpClient.build()) .build(); mService = mRetrofit.create(RestService.class); }
类似这样的logcat
日志:
Retrofit2与RxJava结合使用
添加库:
compile ‘io.reactivex:rxandroid:1.1.0‘ compile ‘com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:2.0.0‘
添加addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
到Retrofit.Builder
中:
mRetrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(baseUrl) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create()) .client(httpClient.build()) .build();
那么我们结合RxJava
一起使用呢,下面我们一起来看一看:
@GET("/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list") Observable<BaseResponse<Manager>> getManagers(@Query("StoreId") int id);
通过我们的观察是不是发现只有返回值发送了变化,Observable
类型。
//获取实例 mRestClient = new RestClient(); mRestClient.getRectService().getManagers(49) .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) .subscribe(new Subscriber<BaseResponse<Manager>>() { @Override public void onCompleted() { } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { } @Override public void onNext(BaseResponse<Manager> managerBaseResponse) { } });
RxJava
支持链式写法,可以处理一些很复杂的问题。
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