Java网络编程Socket通信

Posted 2020-11-20 xianya

    TCP（Transmission Control Protocol 传输控制协议）是一种面向连接的、可靠的、基于字节流的传输层通信协议

    UDP （User Datagram Protocol 用户数据报协议）是OSI（Open System Interconnection开放式系统互联） 参考模型中一种无连接的传输层协议，提供面向事务的简单不可靠信息传送服务

TCP与UDP基本区别

•   1.基于连接与无连接
•   2.TCP要求系统资源较多，UDP较少； 
•   3.UDP程序结构较简单 
•   4.流模式（TCP）与数据报模式(UDP); 
•   5.TCP保证数据正确性，UDP可能丢包 
•   6.TCP保证数据顺序，UDP不保证 

一、Tcp协议通信

     1、Server服务器端：

• a、创建ServerSocket对象，同时绑定监听端口
• b、通过accept()方法监听客户端的请求
• c、建立连接后，通过输入流读取客户端发送的请求信息
• d、通过输出流向客户端发送响应信息
• e、关闭相应资源

package com.yyx.test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerSocket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        OutputStream outputStream = null;
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
        try {
            // 创建一个ServerSocket的对象，通过构造器指明自身的端口号
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9090);
            // 服务端监听 调用其accept()方法，返回一个Socket的对象
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            inputStream = socket.getInputStream();

            String pathname = "F:" + File.separator + "target.jpg";
            File file = new File(pathname);
            fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);

            /*
             * 接收客户端发送文件，并保存到本地文件
             */
            byte[] b = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = inputStream.read(b)) != -1) {
                fileOutputStream.write(b, 0, len);
            }

            String strInfo = "你发送的图片我已接收成功！";
            outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
            outputStream.write(strInfo.getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 关闭相应的流以及Socket、ServerSocket的对象
            if (outputStream != null) {
                try {
                    outputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if (fileOutputStream != null) {
                try {
                    fileOutputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if (inputStream != null) {
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
                        
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if (serverSocket != null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }
} 

 2、Client客户端：

• a、创建Socket对象，指明需要连接的服务器的地址和端口号
• b、建立连接后，通过输出流向服务器端发送请求信息
• c、通过输入流获取服务器的响应信息
• d、关闭相应资源

package com.yyx.test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpClientSocket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream outputStream = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        FileInputStream fileInputStream=null;
        try {
            // 创建一个Socket的对象，通过构造器指明服务端的IP地址，以及其接收程序的端口号
            socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);
            
            String pathname = "F:" + File.separator + "source.jpg";
            File file = new File(pathname);
            fileInputStream=new FileInputStream(file);
            
            // getOutputStream()：发送数据，方法返回OutputStream的对象
            outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
            byte[] b = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = fileInputStream.read(b)) != -1) {
                outputStream.write(b, 0, len);
            }
            
            // shutdownOutput():执行此方法，显式的告诉服务端发送完毕！
            socket.shutdownOutput();

            inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
            byte[] bAnother = new byte[1024];
            int lenAnother;
            while ((lenAnother = inputStream.read(bAnother)) != -1) {
                String str = new String(bAnother, 0, lenAnother);
                System.out.print(str);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 关闭相应的流和Socket对象,从后往前关闭
            if (inputStream != null) {
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if (outputStream != null) {
                try {
                    outputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if (fileInputStream != null) {
                try {
                    fileInputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

二、Udp协议通信

     客户端

 

package com.yyx.test;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class UdpClientSocket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = null;
        try {
            datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
            String str = "你好，我是要发送的数据";
            byte[] b = str.getBytes();

            /*
             * 创建一个数据报：每一个数据报不能大于64k，都记录着数据信息，发送端的IP、端口号,以及要发送到 的接收端的IP、端口号
             */
            DatagramPacket pack = new DatagramPacket(b, 0, b.length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);

            datagramSocket.send(pack);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (datagramSocket != null) {
                datagramSocket.close();

            }
        }
    }
}

 

     服务端

package com.yyx.test;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class UdpServerSocket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = null;
        try {
            datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
            byte[] b = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket pack = new DatagramPacket(b, 0, b.length);
            datagramSocket.receive(pack);

            String str = new String(pack.getData(), 0, pack.getLength());
            System.out.println(str);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (datagramSocket != null) {
                datagramSocket.close();

            }
        }
    }
}