java性能优化之HashMap，LinkedHashMap，TreeMap读取大量数据效率的比较

Posted 2020-11-15 太白的技术博客

很多时候，我们用jdbctemplate或mybatis的时候，为了查询通用，会选择使用map数据结构，因为hashmap本身无序，所以为了保证key的有序性，会采用linkedhashmap。所以我们要看一下Linkedhashmap的性能影响多大。如下：

    @Test
    public void test() {
        Integer count =1000000;
        Random random =new Random();
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            map.put(i+"", i+"");
        }
        long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            map.get((random.nextInt(count)+1)+"");
        }
        long time2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("HashMap time:" + (time2 - time1));
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        Map<String, String> linkedMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            linkedMap.put(i+"", i+"");
        }
 
        time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
             linkedMap.get((random.nextInt(count)+1)+"");
        }
        time2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("LinkedHashMap time:" + (time2 - time1));
                ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        Map<String, String> treeMap = new TreeMap<String, String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            treeMap.put(i+"", i+"");
        }
 
        time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            treeMap.get((random.nextInt(count)+1)+"");
        }
        time2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("TreeMap time:" +  (time2 - time1));
    }

执行结果：

HashMap time:641
LinkedHashMap time:703
TreeMap time:4040

读取数据是有序，则如下：

    @Test
    public void test2() {
        Integer count =1000000;
        Random random =new Random();
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            map.put(i+"", i+"");
        }
        long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            map.get(i+"");
        }
        long time2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("HashMap time:" + (time2 - time1));
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        Map<String, String> linkedMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            linkedMap.put(i+"", i+"");
        }
 
        time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
             linkedMap.get(i+"");
        }
        time2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("LinkedHashMap time:" + (time2 - time1));
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        Map<String, String> treeMap = new TreeMap<String, String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            treeMap.put(i+"", i+"");
        }
 
        time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            treeMap.get(i+"");
        }
        time2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("TreeMap time:" +  (time2 - time1));
    }

HashMap time:297
LinkedHashMap time:203
TreeMap time:438

从上可知，LinkedHashMap是可以完全代替HashMap的，不用担心性能问题。