Spring Cloud(Dalston.SR5)--Hystrix 断路器

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Spring Cloud 对 Hystrix 进行了封装,使用 Hystrix 是通过 @HystrixCommand 注解来使用的,被 @HystrixCommand 注解标注的方法,会使用 AspectJ 对其进行代理,Spring 会将相关的类转换为 Bean 放到容器中,在 @HystrixCommand 注解中,还可以通过 commandProperties、threadPoolProperties 属性来设置命令的配置。

Hystrix 示例如下:

  • 创建项目

    创建名称为 spring-cloud-hystrix-client 的 Spring Cloud 项目,因为项目示例使用到了 Ribbon 因此也增加了相关依赖,修改 POM.xml 中增加以下依赖项:

    <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>

    <projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    ? ?

    <groupId>org.lixue</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-hystrix-client</artifactId>

    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>jar</packaging>

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    <name>spring-cloud-hystrix-client</name>

    <description>DemoprojectforSpringBoot</description>

    ? ?

    <parent>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>

    <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>

    <relativePath/><!--lookupparentfromrepository-->

    </parent>

    ? ?

    <properties>

    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

    <java.version>1.8</java.version>

    <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR5</spring-cloud.version>

    </properties>

    ? ?

    <dependencies>

    <dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

    <scope>test</scope>

    </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    ? ?

    <dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>

    <dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>

    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>

    <type>pom</type>

    <scope>import</scope>

    </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    </dependencyManagement>

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    <build>

    <plugins>

    <plugin>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>

    </plugin>

    </plugins>

    </build>

    </project>

    ? ?

  • 创建服务调用

    对于一些默认配置,例如命令组的 Key 等,可以使用 @DefaultProperties 注解标注到类,这样就减少了 @HystrixCommand 注解的配置代码量

    package org.lixue;

    ? ?

    import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

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    @DefaultProperties(groupKey="hello-world")

    @Component

    public class HelloWorldClient{

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    @Autowired

    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

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    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod="speakFallback",commandKey="hello-world",

    threadPoolKey="hello-world",

    commandProperties={

    @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="500")

    },

    threadPoolProperties={

    @HystrixProperty(name="coreSize",value="50")

    }

    )

    public String speak(Stringname){

    if(name==null ||"".equals(name)){

    name="null";

    }

    ? ?

    return restTemplate.getForObject("http://HELLOWORLD-PROVIDER/speaks?names="+name,String.class);

    }

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    private String speakFallback(String name){

    return"call error,name is "+name;

    }

    }

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  • 创建 REST 服务

    在服务调用类中声明 HelloWorldFeignClient 类的实例,并使用 @Autowired 注解标注,表示使用 Spring 的自动注入实例,在

    package org.lixue;

    ? ?

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

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    @RestController

    public class InvokerController{

    ? ?

    @Autowired

    private HelloWorldClient helloWorldClient;

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    @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET,path="/speak")

    public String speak(@RequestParam("name")Stringname){

    return helloWorldClient.speak(name);

    }

    }

  • 修改启动类

    package org.lixue;

    ? ?

    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

    import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;

    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

    import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;

    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

    ? ?

    @SpringBootApplication

    @EnableDiscoveryClient

    @EnableCircuitBreaker

    public class SpringCloudHystrixClientApplication{

    ? ?

    public static void main(String[]args){

    SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudHystrixClientApplication.class,args);

    }

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    @LoadBalanced

    @Bean

    publicRestTemplate restTemplate(){

    return new RestTemplate();

    }

    }

    ? ?

  • 增加配置

    #配置应用名称

    spring:

    application:

    name:spring-cloud-hystrix-client

    #服务端口

    server:

    port:8077

    #设置eureka服务注册中心的地址,如果多个以逗号分割

    eureka:

    client:

    service-url:

    defaultZone:http://eurekaserver01:9000/eureka/,http://eurekaserver02:9000/eureka/

    ? ?

    ? ?

  • 测试验证

    由于我们使用了 Ribbon 因此首先启动 eureka-server 和 service-provider 服务,然后启动该项目,访问 http://localhost:8077/speak?name=abc 可以看到能正常返回信息,如下:

    {"abc":"Hello World abc Port=8002"}

    这时关闭 service-provider 服务,再次访问这时返回的是我们 speakFallback 方法返回的信息,表示调用出错 Hystrix 进行和回退,如下:

    call error,name is abc

    ? ?

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