SpringBoot使用Swagger2实现Restful API

Posted dalaoyang

tags:

篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了SpringBoot使用Swagger2实现Restful API相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。

很多时候,我们需要创建一个接口项目用来数据调转,其中不包含任何业务逻辑,比如我们公司。这时我们就需要实现一个具有Restful API的接口项目。

本文介绍springboot使用swagger2实现Restful API。

本项目使用mysql+jpa+swagger2。

首先pom中加入swagger2,代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.dalaoyang</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot_swagger2</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springboot_swagger2</name>
    <description>springboot_swagger2</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

接下来是配置文件,和整合jpa一样。代码如下:

##端口号
server.port=8888

##数据库配置
##数据库地址
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
##数据库用户名
spring.datasource.username=root
##数据库密码
spring.datasource.password=root
##数据库驱动
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

创建一个swagger2配置类,简单解释一下,@Configuration注解让spring来加载配置,@EnableSwagger2开启swagger2。

package com.dalaoyang.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;

/**
 * @author dalaoyang
 * @Description
 * @project springboot_learn
 * @package com.dalaoyang.config
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date 2018/4/9
 */
@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class Swagger2Config {
    @Bean
    public Docket createRestApi() {
        return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
                .apiInfo(apiInfo())
                .select()
                .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.dalaoyang.swagger"))
                .paths(PathSelectors.any())
                .build();
    }

    private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
        return new ApiInfoBuilder()
                .title("使用Swagger2构建RESTful APIs")
                .description("关注博主博客:https://www.dalaoyang.cn/")
                .termsOfServiceUrl("https://www.dalaoyang.cn/")
                .contact("dalaoyang")
                .version("1.0")
                .build();
    }
}

创建一个user类作为model

package com.dalaoyang.model;

import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;

/**
 * @author dalaoyang
 * @Description
 * @project springboot_learn
 * @package com.dalaoyang.model
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date 2018/4/9
 */
@Entity
@ApiModel(description = "user")
public class User {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "主键id",hidden = true)
    @GeneratedValue
    @Id
    int id;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "用户名称")
    @NotNull
    @Column
    String userName;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "用户密码")
    @Column
    String userPassword;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getUserPassword() {
        return userPassword;
    }

    public void setUserPassword(String userPassword) {
        this.userPassword = userPassword;
    }

    public User(int id, String userName, String userPassword) {
        this.id=id;
        this.userName = userName;
        this.userPassword = userPassword;
    }
    public User(String userName, String userPassword) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.userPassword = userPassword;
    }

    public User() {
    }
}

jpa数据操作类UserRepository

package com.dalaoyang.repository;

import com.dalaoyang.model.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

/**
 * @author dalaoyang
 * @Description
 * @project springboot_learn
 * @package com.dalaoyang.repository
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date 2018/4/9
 */
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {

    User findById(int id);
}

然后添加文档内容,其实和写controller一样,只不过方法和参数中间穿插一些注解。

package com.dalaoyang.swagger;

import com.dalaoyang.model.User;
import com.dalaoyang.repository.UserRepository;
import io.swagger.annotations.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author dalaoyang
 * @Description
 * @project springboot_learn
 * @package com.dalaoyang.swagger
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date 2018/4/9
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value="/users")
@Api(value="用户操作接口",tags={"用户操作接口"})
public class UserSwagger {

    @Autowired
    UserRepository userRepository;

    @ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据用户的id来获取用户详细信息")
    @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true,paramType = "query", dataType = "Integer")
    @GetMapping(value="/findById")
    public User findById(@RequestParam(value = "id")int id){
        User user = userRepository.findById(id);
        return user;
    }

    @ApiOperation(value="获取用户列表", notes="获取用户列表")
    @GetMapping(value="/getUserList")
    public List getUserList(){
        return userRepository.findAll();
    }


    @ApiOperation(value="保存用户", notes="保存用户")
    @PostMapping(value="/saveUser")
    public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ApiParam(name="用户对象",value="传入json格式",required=true) User user){
        userRepository.save(user);
        return "success!";
    }

    @ApiOperation(value="修改用户", notes="修改用户")
    @ApiImplicitParams({
            @ApiImplicitParam(name="id",value="主键id",required=true,paramType="query",dataType="Integer"),
            @ApiImplicitParam(name="username",value="用户名称",required=true,paramType="query",dataType = "String"),
            @ApiImplicitParam(name="password",value="用户密码",required=true,paramType="query",dataType = "String")
    })
    @GetMapping(value="/updateUser")
    public String updateUser(@RequestParam(value = "id")int id,@RequestParam(value = "username")String username,
                             @RequestParam(value = "password")String password){
        User user = new User(id, username, password);
        userRepository.save(user);
        return "success!";
    }


    @ApiOperation(value="删除用户", notes="根据用户的id来删除用户")
    @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true,paramType = "query", dataType = "Integer")
    @DeleteMapping(value="/deleteUserById")
    public String deleteUserById(@RequestParam(value = "id")int id){
        User user = userRepository.findById(id);
        userRepository.delete(user);
        return "success!";
    }

}

启动项目,访问http://localhost:8888/swagger-ui.html,可以看到如下图

技术分享图片

为了方便大家学习观看,我分别用了几种不同的方法写,

1.删除用户,代码如下



    @ApiOperation(value="删除用户", notes="根据用户的id来删除用户")
    @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true,paramType = "query", dataType = "Integer")
    @DeleteMapping(value="/deleteUserById")
    public String deleteUserById(@RequestParam(value = "id")int id){
        User user = userRepository.findById(id);
        userRepository.delete(user);
        return "success!";
    }

技术分享图片
2.获取用户详细信息

 @ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据用户的id来获取用户详细信息")
    @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true,paramType = "query", dataType = "Integer")
    @GetMapping(value="/findById")
    public User findById(@RequestParam(value = "id")int id){
        User user = userRepository.findById(id);
        return user;
    }

技术分享图片

3.获取用户列表

@ApiOperation(value="获取用户列表", notes="获取用户列表")
    @GetMapping(value="/getUserList")
    public List getUserList(){
        return userRepository.findAll();
    }

技术分享图片

4.保存用户

@ApiOperation(value="保存用户", notes="保存用户")
    @PostMapping(value="/saveUser")
    public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ApiParam(name="用户对象",value="传入json格式",required=true) User user){
        userRepository.save(user);
        return "success!";
    }

技术分享图片

5.修改用户

   @ApiOperation(value="修改用户", notes="修改用户")
    @ApiImplicitParams({
            @ApiImplicitParam(name="id",value="主键id",required=true,paramType="query",dataType="Integer"),
            @ApiImplicitParam(name="username",value="用户名称",required=true,paramType="query",dataType = "String"),
            @ApiImplicitParam(name="password",value="用户密码",required=true,paramType="query",dataType = "String")
    })
    @PutMapping(value="/updateUser")
    public String updateUser(@RequestParam(value = "id")int id,@RequestParam(value = "username")String username,
                             @RequestParam(value = "password")String password){
        User user = new User(id, username, password);
        userRepository.save(user);
        return "success!";
    }

技术分享图片

然后给大家分享一下我之前学习时记录在有道云笔记的关于swagger2的使用说明,原创作者是谁,我也记不清了。如果原创作者看到的话,可以私聊我,我给您的名字加上,抱歉。

@Api:用在请求的类上,表示对类的说明
    tags="说明该类的作用,可以在UI界面上看到的注解"
    value="该参数没什么意义,在UI界面上也看到,所以不需要配置"
示例:
@Api(tags="APP用户注册Controller")

@ApiOperation:用在请求的方法上,说明方法的用途、作用
    value="说明方法的用途、作用"
    notes="方法的备注说明"
示例:
@ApiOperation(value="用户注册",notes="手机号、密码都是必输项,年龄随边填,但必须是数字")

@ApiImplicitParams:用在请求的方法上,表示一组参数说明
    @ApiImplicitParam:用在@ApiImplicitParams注解中,指定一个请求参数的各个方面
        name:参数名
        value:参数的汉字说明、解释
        required:参数是否必须传
        paramType:参数放在哪个地方
            · header --> 请求参数的获取:@RequestHeader
            · query --> 请求参数的获取:@RequestParam
            · path(用于restful接口)--> 请求参数的获取:@PathVariable
            · body(不常用)
            · form(不常用)    
        dataType:参数类型,默认String,其它值dataType="Integer"       
        defaultValue:参数的默认值
示例:
@ApiImplicitParams({
    @ApiImplicitParam(name="mobile",value="手机号",required=true,paramType="form"),
    @ApiImplicitParam(name="password",value="密码",required=true,paramType="form"),
    @ApiImplicitParam(name="age",value="年龄",required=true,paramType="form",dataType="Integer")
})

@ApiResponses:用在请求的方法上,表示一组响应
    @ApiResponse:用在@ApiResponses中,一般用于表达一个错误的响应信息
        code:数字,例如400
        message:信息,例如"请求参数没填好"
        response:抛出异常的类
@ApiOperation(value = "select1请求",notes = "多个参数,多种的查询参数类型")
@ApiResponses({
    @ApiResponse(code=400,message="请求参数没填好"),
    @ApiResponse(code=404,message="请求路径没有或页面跳转路径不对")
})

@ApiModel:用于响应类上,表示一个返回响应数据的信息
            (这种一般用在post创建的时候,使用@RequestBody这样的场景,
            请求参数无法使用@ApiImplicitParam注解进行描述的时候)
    @ApiModelProperty:用在属性上,描述响应类的属性
示例:
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;

import java.io.Serializable;

@ApiModel(description= "返回响应数据")
public class RestMessage implements Serializable{

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "是否成功")
    private boolean success=true;
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "返回对象")
    private Object data;
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "错误编号")
    private Integer errCode;
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "错误信息")
    private String message;

    
}



POST请求传入对象 
示例:
   @ApiOperation(value="保存用户", notes="保存用户")
    @RequestMapping(value="/saveUser", method= RequestMethod.POST)
    public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ApiParam(name="用户对象",value="传入json格式",required=true) User user){
        userDao.save(user);
        return "success!";
    }

以上是关于SpringBoot使用Swagger2实现Restful API的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章

SpringBoot之Swagger2的使用

SpringBoot中优雅的使用Swagger2

[idea] SpringBoot整合swagger2实现CRUD

SpringBoot集成Swagger2实现Restful(类型转换错误解决办法)

一分钟完成springboot项目整合Swagger2实现自动生成接口文档

SpringBoot-整合Swagger2