1.RabbitMQ简介
RabbitMQ是流行的开源消息队列系统，用erlang语言开发。RabbitMQ是AMQP（高级消息队列协议）的标准实现。
官网：http://www.rabbitmq.com/
2.Spring集成RabbitMQ
2.1 maven配置
//pom.xml <dependency> <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId> <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId> <version>3.5.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
2.2 rabbmitmq配置文件
//rabbitmq-config.properties mq.host=127.0.0.1 mq.username=test mq.password=123456 mq.port=5672 mq.vhost=testmq
2.3 Spring配置
//application-mq.xml <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd" > <description>rabbitmq 连接服务配置</description> <!-- 连接配置 --> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${mq.host}" username="${mq.username}" password="${mq.password}" port="${mq.port}" virtual-host="${mq.vhost}"/> <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/> <!-- spring template声明--> <rabbit:template exchange="amqpExchange" id="amqpTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory" message-converter="jsonMessageConverter" /> <!-- 消息对象json转换类 --> <bean id="jsonMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter" /> </beans>
3. 在Spring中使用RabbitMQ
3.1 申明一个消息队列Queue
//application-mq.xml <rabbit:queue id="test_queue_key" name="test_queue_key" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" />
说明：
durable:是否持久化
exclusive: 仅创建者可以使用的私有队列，断开后自动删除
auto_delete: 当所有消费客户端连接断开后，是否自动删除队列
3.2 交换机定义
//application-mq.xml <rabbit:direct-exchange name="test-mq-exchange" durable="true" auto-delete="false" id="test-mq-exchange"> <rabbit:bindings> <rabbit:binding queue="test_queue_key" key="test_queue_key"/> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:direct-exchange>
说明：
rabbit:direct-exchange：定义exchange模式为direct，意思就是消息与一个特定的路由键完全匹配，才会转发。
rabbit:binding：设置消息queue匹配的key
3.3 发送消息Producer
//MQProducer.java public interface MQProducer { /** * 发送消息到指定队列 * @param queueKey * @param object */ public void sendDataToQueue(String queueKey, Object object); }
@Service public class MQProducerImpl implements MQProducer { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate; private final static Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(MQProducerImpl.class); /* (non-Javadoc) * @see com.stnts.tita.rm.api.mq.MQProducer#sendDataToQueue(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object) */ @Override public void sendDataToQueue(String queueKey, Object object) { try { amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(queueKey, object); } catch (Exception e) { LOGGER.error(e); } } }
说明：
convertAndSend：将Java对象转换为消息发送到匹配Key的交换机中Exchange，由于配置了JSON转换，这里是将Java对象转换成JSON字符串的形式。
原文：Convert a Java object to an Amqp Message and send it to a default exchange with a specific routing key.
3.4 异步接收消息Consumer
定义监听器
//QueueListenter.java @Component public class QueueListenter implements MessageListener { @Override public void onMessage(Message msg) { try{ System.out.print(msg.toString()); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
监听配置
//application-mq.xml <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" acknowledge="auto"> <rabbit:listener queues="test_queue_key" ref="queueListenter"/> </rabbit:listener-container>
说明：
queues：监听的队列，多个的话用逗号（,）分隔
ref：监听器
3.5 JUnit测试
//TestQueue.java @RunWith(value = SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:/ApplicationContext/ApplicationContext-mq.xml"}) public class TestQueue{ @Autowired MQProducer mqProducer; final String queue_key = "test_queue_key"; @Test public void send(){ Map<String,Object> msg = new HashMap()<>; msg.put("data","hello,rabbmitmq!"); mqProducer.sendDataToQueue(query_key,msg); } }
运行测试程序，Run with JUnit，会发送一条消息到test_queue，监听器监听到消息后，打印出消息。
至此，已经完成了Spring和RabbmitMQ集成，配置，和使用。