mysql学习笔记之多表查询和子查询
1 #--------------多表的查询------------------- 2 # 交叉连接查询 3 # 内连接查询 4 #显式内连接 5 #隐式内连接 6 # 外链接查询 7 #左外连接 8 #右外连接 9 10 #-----------交叉连接(了解)------------------------- 11 # select * from A, B; ----> A * B --->笛卡尔集合(冗余) 12 # 后边的查询基本上都是在笛卡尔集的基础上进行条件判断 13 #查询每一个分类都有哪些商品:电子 --->商品 服装--->商品 14 SELECT * FROM category,products; 15 FOR(){ 16 FOR(){ 17 行 * 行 18 } 19 } 20 21 22 #---------内连接(重要) 隐式内连接---------------------------------- 23 #内连接求的是两张表的交集 ,如果多张表没有交集,则什么都不显示 24 #隐式内连接在判断条件之前会产生笛卡尔集 25 #显式内连接在判断条件之前不会产生笛卡尔集 26 FOR(){ 27 FOR(){ 28 IF(cid == category_id){ 29 行 * 行 30 } 31 } 32 } 33 34 SELECT * FROM category,products WHERE cid = category_id; 35 SELECT * FROM products,category WHERE cid = category_id; 36 37 #为了避免多个表出现同名的列,则在查询时,一般要用表来访问列 38 SELECT * FROM category,products WHERE category.cid = products.category_id; 39 40 #给表起别名:不能加引号,要字段起别名,加引号 41 SELECT * FROM category c,products p WHERE c.cid = p.category_id; 42 43 SELECT c.cname,p.pname FROM category c,products p WHERE c.cid = p.category_id; 44 45 #查询省表和市表(一对多) 46 SELECT * FROM province p, city c WHERE p.pid = c.province_id; 47 #只显示河南省的市 48 SELECT * FROM province p, city c WHERE p.pid = c.province_id AND p.pname=‘河南省‘; 49 SELECT * FROM province p, city c WHERE p.pid = c.province_id AND p.pname IN(‘河南省‘,‘山东省‘); 50 SELECT * FROM province p, city c WHERE p.pid = c.province_id AND (p.pname =‘河南省‘ OR p.pname=‘山东省‘); 51 52 #查询用户表和角色表(多对多) 53 SELECT * FROM USER u, user_role ur , role r WHERE u.uid = ur.uid AND ur.rid = r.rid; 54 SELECT * FROM USER u, user_role ur , role r,role_privilege rp, privilege p WHERE 55 u.uid = ur.uid AND ur.rid = r.rid AND r.rid = rp.rid AND rp.pid = p.pid; 56 57 #---------内连接(重要) 显式内连接---------------------------------- 58 SELECT * FROM category c INNER JOIN products p ON c.cid = p.category_id WHERE c.cname=‘家电‘; 59 60 61 #--------外连接(左外连接)------ 62 #左外连接以左表为主,将左表的数据全部显式,如果右表没有对应的数据,则默认为NULL 63 SELECT * FROM category c INNER JOIN products p ON c.cid = p.category_id 64 SELECT * FROM category c LEFT OUTER JOIN products p ON c.cid = p.category_id 65 #--------外连接(右外连接)------ 66 #右外连接以右表为主,右表的数据全部显式,左表没有的数据默认为NULL 67 SELECT * FROM category c RIGHT OUTER JOIN products p ON c.cid = p.category_id 68 69 #---------------子查询(重要)----------- 70 #子查询就是select的嵌套 71 #在市表中查询哪些市属于河南省 72 #1 先在省表中查询河南省的pid 73 SELECT pid FROM province WHERE pname = ‘河南省‘; 74 #2 在市表中查询:province_id = pid 75 SELECT * FROM city WHERE province_id = (SELECT pid FROM province WHERE pname = ‘河南省‘); 76 77 #查询河南省和山东省的市 78 SELECT * FROM city WHERE province_id IN (SELECT pid FROM province WHERE pname = ‘河南省‘ OR pname=‘山东省‘); 79 SELECT * FROM city WHERE (province_id = 80 (SELECT pid FROM province WHERE pname = ‘河南省‘)) OR (province_id = (SELECT pid FROM province WHERE pname = ‘山东省‘)); 81 82 #将select的查询结果当成一个张表 83 #select查询的结果是一张临时表,存在内存中 84 SELECT * FROM city c , (SELECT * FROM province WHERE pname = ‘河南省‘) t WHERE c.province_id = t.pid; 85 86 87