Java递归实现树形结构的两种方式
Posted 一宿君
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目录
0、引言
在开发的过程中，很多业务场景需要一个树形结构的结果集进行前端展示，也可以理解为是一个无限父子结构，常见的有报表指标结构、菜单结构等。Java中递归实现树形结构的两种常见方式如下：
- Java7及以下纯Java递归实现
- Java8及以上借助lamda表达式实现
1、数据准备
Java实体类NodePO对应数据库表
package com.wbs.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.List;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class NodePO
/**
* 当前节点id
*/
private String id;
/**
* 当前节点名称
*/
private String name;
/**
* 父级节点id
*/
private String parentId;
/**
* 当前节点序号
*/
private String orderNo;
/**
* 子集节点
*/
private List<NodePO> children;
/**
* 构造函数
* @param id
* @param name
* @param parentId
* @param orderNo
*/
public NodePO(String id,String name,String parentId,String orderNo)
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.parentId = parentId;
this.orderNo = orderNo;
自己造一些数据模拟从数据库中查询出来的数据：
static final List<NodePO> nodePOs = Arrays.asList(
new NodePO("1","一级节点1",null,"_0001"),
new NodePO("2","二级节点1.1","1","_0002"),
new NodePO("3","二级节点1.2","1","_0003"),
new NodePO("4","一级节点2",null,"_0004"),
new NodePO("5","二级节点2.1","4","_0005"),
new NodePO("6","二级节点2.2","4","_0006"),
new NodePO("7","三级节点2.2.1","6","_0007"),
new NodePO("8","一级节点3",null,"_0008"),
new NodePO("9","二级节点3.1","8","_0009"),
new NodePO("10","三级节点3.1.1","9","_0010"),
new NodePO("11","四级节点3.1.1.1","10","_0011"),
new NodePO("12","五级节点3.1.1.1.1","11","_0012")
);
2、类型转化
从开发的过程中发现直接操作实体类集合，专门指定某一个实体类封装的方法是不具有普适性的，所以将实体类集合统一转化为Map集合，操作方便，具有一定的普适性：
List<Map<String, Object>> mapList = BeanMapUtils.listBeanToListMap(jsonObject);
BeanMapUtils自己简单封装一个工具类（不惧普适性勿喷）：
package com.wbs.util;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.springframework.cglib.beans.BeanMap;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
/**
* @author 一宿君
* @version Id: BeanMapUtils.java, v 0.1 Administrator Exp $$
* @date 2022-10-13 14:24:20
* @desc java实体类和map相互转换工具类
*/
public class BeanMapUtils
/**
* 将实体类对象属性转化为map对象
* @param t
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static <T> Map<String, Object> beanToMap(T t)
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
if (t != null)
if (t instanceof JSONObject)
return (JSONObject)t;
BeanMap beanMap = BeanMap.create(t);
for (Object key : beanMap.keySet())
map.put(key.toString(), beanMap.get(key));
return map;
/**
* 将map对象中转化为实体类对象
* @param map
* @param clazz
* @param <T>
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static <T> T mapToBean(Map<String, Object> map,Class<T> clazz) throws Exception
T bean = clazz.newInstance();
if (bean instanceof JSONObject)
JSONObject jsonObject = (JSONObject)bean;
Set<Map.Entry<String, Object>> entries = map.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : entries)
jsonObject.put(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
return (T)jsonObject;
BeanMap beanMap = BeanMap.create(bean);
beanMap.putAll(map);
return bean;
/**
* 通过lambda表达式将List<JavaBean>转化为List<Map<String, Object>>
* @param objList
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static <T> List<Map<String, Object>> listBeanToListMap(List<T> objList)
return objList.stream().map(new Function<T, Map<String, Object>>()
@Override
public Map<String, Object> apply(T t)
Map<String,Object> map = Maps.newHashMap();
if (t instanceof JSONObject)
return (JSONObject)t;
BeanMap beanMap = BeanMap.create(t);
for (Object key : beanMap.keySet())
map.put(key.toString(), beanMap.get(key));
return map;
).collect(Collectors.toList());
/**
* 通过lambda表达式将List<Map<String, Object>>转化为List<JavaBean>
* @param mapList
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static <T> List<T> listMapToListBean(List<Map<String,Object>> mapList,Class<T> clazz)
return mapList.stream().map(new Function<Map<String, Object>,T>()
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public T apply(Map<String, Object> map)
T t = clazz.newInstance();
if (t instanceof JSONObject)
return (T)map;
BeanMap beanMap = BeanMap.create(t);
beanMap.putAll(map);
return t;
).collect(Collectors.toList());
其中org.springframework.cglib.beans.BeanMap;是org.springframework:spring-core依赖下的工具包，spring-core核心依赖只要导入spring-boot-starter依赖即可
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
3、递归实现方法
3.1、Java7及以下纯Java递归实现
既然是Java7及以下实现方式，那排序也用最原始的冒泡排序：
/**
* 冒泡排序,小的在前，大的在后
* @param list
* @return
*/
public static List<Map<String, Object>> sortJava7Map(List<Map<String, Object>> list)
if(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(list))
return Lists.newArrayList();
boolean flag;
int size = list.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++)
flag = false;
for (int j = 1; j < size - i; j++)
Map<String, Object> frontMap = list.get(j - 1);
Map<String, Object> afterMap = list.get(j);
if (String.valueOf(frontMap.get("orderNo")).compareTo(String.valueOf(afterMap.get("orderNo"))) > 0)
list.set(j - 1,afterMap);
list.set(j,frontMap);
flag = true;
//如果没有发生位置互换，则退出循环
if (!flag)
break;
return list;
给定一个节点，获取它的所有子节点：
/**
* Java7及以下版本获取子节点的方式
* @param parentNode
* @param allList
* @return
*/
public static List<Map<String, Object>> getJava7Children(Map<String,Object> parentNode,List<Map<String, Object>> allList)
//存放当前节点的直系子节点
List<Map<String, Object>> curNodeChildrenList = Lists.newArrayList();
//存放直系子节点以外的节点
List<Map<String, Object>> otherNodeList = Lists.newArrayList();
Object pId = parentNode.get("id");
for (Map<String, Object> map : allList)
Object curPId = map.get("parentId");
if (ObjectUtils.isNotEmpty(curPId) && Objects.equals(pId,curPId))
curNodeChildrenList.add(map);
else
otherNodeList.add(map);
if (curNodeChildrenList.isEmpty())
return curNodeChildrenList;
//每一层级都进行排序
curNodeChildrenList = sortJava7Map(curNodeChildrenList);
//迭代直系子节点再获取子节点
for (Map<String, Object> map : curNodeChildrenList)
map.put("children",getJava7Children(map,otherNodeList));
return curNodeChildrenList;
给出一个结果集，构建树形结果集：
/**
* 使用Java7的方式获取树形结构
* @param allList
* @return
*/
public static List<Map<String, Object>> getJava7ResultTree(List<Map<String, Object>> allList)
//存放所有的一级节点
List<Map<String, Object>> oneLevelNodeList = Lists.newArrayList();
for (Map<String, Object> map : allList)
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(map.get("parentId")))
map.put("children",getJava7Children(map,allList));
oneLevelNodeList.add(map);
return sortJava8Map(oneLevelNodeList);
获取树形结构：
//转化为Map集合
List<Map<String, Object>> mapList = BeanMapUtils.listBeanToListMap(nodePOs);
//获取树形结构
List<Map<String, Object>> java7ResultTree = getJava7ResultTree(mapList);
//打印输出
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(java7ResultTree));
打印结果：
["orderNo":"_0001","children":["orderNo":"_0002","children":[],"name":"二级节点1.1","id":"2","parentId":"1","orderNo":"_0003","children":[],"name":"二级节点1.2","id":"3","parentId":"1"],"name":"一级节点1","id":"1","orderNo":"_0004","children":["orderNo":"_0005","children"用Java实现一个树形结构，并对其进行遍历