基于gtid的备份_恢复_注意事项_mysqldump_skip-gtids_include-gtids_exclude-gtids
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相关参数
–skip-gtids
是否使用–skip-gtids=true 参数,要根据情况来定;
-
第一种情况:
如果我们是要恢复数据到源数据库或者和源数据库有相同 GTID 信息的实例,则使用mysqlbinlog进行导出时候,需要使用该参数。如果不带该参数的话,是无法恢复成功的。因为包含的 GTID 已经在源数据库执行过了,根据 GTID 特性,一个 GTID 信息在一个数据库只能执行一次,所以不会恢复成功。 -
第二种情况:
如果是恢复到其他实例的数据库并且不包含源实例的 GTID 信息,那么可以不使用该参数,使用或者不使用都可以恢复成功。
–include-gtids
mysqlbinlog --include-gtids='cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:1-3' /data/mysql/my3306/logs/mysql-bin.000001 > include_gtid_sql.sql
表示只备份cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:1-3的事务
–exclude-gtids
mysqlbinlog --exclude-gtids='cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:4' --skip-gtids /data/mysql/my3306/logs/mysql-bin.000001 > skip_gtid.sql
表示备份这个日志当中除了cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:4这个事务的其它事务。
实验
场景目的:
恢复除删表动作以外的所有事务。
需求分析:
- 备份过程中不能包含drop table这个gitd的事务
- 备份文件是恢复到同一个实例,也就是gtid相同的。
1. 重置gtid
方便实验查看。 将事务从id从1开始
reset master;
2. 生成gtid
- 创建表
mysql> create table t9 (id int primary key ,name varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
- 插入数据
mysql> insert into t9 values(1,'zhangsan1');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t9 values(2,'zhangsan2');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t9 values(3,'zhangsan3');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- 分析binlog
上面的建表和插入数据的动作,产生了两个GTID_NEXT
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001';
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1116 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.41-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1116 | 154 | |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | Gtid | 1116 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:1' |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 219 | Query | 1116 | 349 | use `dbsql`; create table t9 (id int primary key ,name varchar(10)) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 349 | Gtid | 1116 | 414 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:2' |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 414 | Query | 1116 | 487 | BEGIN |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 487 | Table_map | 1116 | 536 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 536 | Write_rows | 1116 | 586 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 586 | Table_map | 1116 | 635 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 635 | Write_rows | 1116 | 685 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 685 | Table_map | 1116 | 734 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 734 | Write_rows | 1116 | 784 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 784 | Xid | 1116 | 815 | COMMIT /* xid=29003260 */ |
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 插入数据并手动提交
mysql> insert into t9 values(4,'zhangsan4');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into t9 values(5,'zhangsan5');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- 产生gitd
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001';
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1116 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.41-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1116 | 154 | |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | Gtid | 1116 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:1' |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 219 | Query | 1116 | 349 | use `dbsql`; create table t9 (id int primary key ,name varchar(10)) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 349 | Gtid | 1116 | 414 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:2' |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 414 | Query | 1116 | 487 | BEGIN |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 487 | Table_map | 1116 | 536 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 536 | Write_rows | 1116 | 586 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 586 | Table_map | 1116 | 635 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 635 | Write_rows | 1116 | 685 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 685 | Table_map | 1116 | 734 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 734 | Write_rows | 1116 | 784 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 784 | Xid | 1116 | 815 | COMMIT /* xid=29003260 */ |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 815 | Gtid | 1116 | 880 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:3' |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 880 | Query | 1116 | 953 | BEGIN |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 953 | Table_map | 1116 | 1002 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1002 | Write_rows | 1116 | 1052 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1052 | Table_map | 1116 | 1101 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1101 | Write_rows | 1116 | 1151 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1151 | Xid | 1116 | 1182 | COMMIT /* xid=29003273 */ |
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
20 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 删表
mysql> drop table t9;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- 新产生gtid
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001';
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1116 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.41-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1116 | 154 | |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | Gtid | 1116 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:1' |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 219 | Query | 1116 | 349 | use `dbsql`; create table t9 (id int primary key ,name varchar(10)) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 349 | Gtid | 1116 | 414 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:2' |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 414 | Query | 1116 | 487 | BEGIN |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 487 | Table_map | 1116 | 536 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 536 | Write_rows | 1116 | 586 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 586 | Table_map | 1116 | 635 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 635 | Write_rows | 1116 | 685 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 685 | Table_map | 1116 | 734 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 734 | Write_rows | 1116 | 784 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 784 | Xid | 1116 | 815 | COMMIT /* xid=29003260 */ |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 815 | Gtid | 1116 | 880 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:3' |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 880 | Query | 1116 | 953 | BEGIN |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 953 | Table_map | 1116 | 1002 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1002 | Write_rows | 1116 | 1052 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1052 | Table_map | 1116 | 1101 | table_id: 127 (dbsql.t9) |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1101 | Write_rows | 1116 | 1151 | table_id: 127 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1151 | Xid | 1116 | 1182 | COMMIT /* xid=29003273 */ |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1182 | Gtid | 1116 | 1247 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:4' |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1247 | Query | 1116 | 1364 | use `dbsql`; DROP TABLE `t9` /* generated by server */ |
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
22 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3. 备份_skip_include_exclude_gtids
说明:
- 备份过程中不能包含drop table这个gitd的事务
- 如果是恢复到相同gitid的实例,一定要加skip-gtids
- 备份包含指定的gitd
表示只备份cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:1-3的事务
mysqlbinlog --include-gtids='cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:1-3' /data/mysql/my3306/logs/mysql-bin.000001 > include_gtid_sql.sql
- 备份排除的id
mysqlbinlog --exclude-gtids='cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:4' /data/mysql/my3306/logs/mysql-bin.000001 > exclude_gtid_sql.sql
- 备份_不包含gtid
表示备份这个日志当中除了cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:4这个事务的其它事务。
mysqlbinlog --exclude-gtids='cc997b24-cd1a-11ed-ac6d-000c2945c1f2:4' --skip-gtids /data/mysql/my3306/logs/mysql-bin.000001 > skip_gtid.sql
4. 恢复测试
如果不包含skip-gtids,无法应用gtid
mysql> source include_gtid_sql.sql ;
mysql> select * from dbsql.t9;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'dbsql.t9' doesn't exist
如果不包含skip-gtids,无法应用gtid
mysql> source exclude_gtid_sql.sql ;
mysql> select * from dbsql.t9;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'dbsql.t9' doesn't exist
包含了skip-gtids,可以恢复.
mysql> source skip_gtid.sql;
mysql> select * from dbsql.t9;
+----+-----------+
| id | name |
+----+-----------+
| 1 | zhangsan1 |
| 2 | zhangsan2 |
| 3 | zhangsan3 |
| 4 | zhangsan4 |
| 5 | zhangsan5 |
+----+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MySQL relaylog + SQL_Thread 增量恢复binlog
一、设置3308实例的已经执行过的gtid号为当天全量备份结束时的gtid号查看当天xtrabackup全量备份时结束的binlog文件名,binlog的pos 位置点,以及全量备份结束后的Gtid号:
[root@mgr01 backup]# cat /data/backup/db_3306_20190808/xtrabackup_info |grep binlog_pos
binlog_pos = filename ‘mysql-bin.000003‘, position ‘29571‘, GTID of the last change ‘bde7b592-b966-11e9-8c64-000c294f3e61:1-10296‘
使用xtrabackup工具恢复当天的全量备份到新的mysql 3308 实例:
innobackupex --apply-log /data/backup/db_3306_20190808/
190808 10:31:56 completed OK!
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3308/my3308.cnf --copy-back /data/backup/db_3306_20190808/
190808 10:41:38 completed OK!
给新实例3308的数据目录./data授权mysql用户权限:
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/mysql3308/data
启动mysql 启动成功:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3308/my3308.cnf &
由于mysql 3306和3308 都是开启gtid的,所以恢复全量备份数据到3308实例上,在启动3308实例后产生Gtid和实际的xtrabackup全量备份结束的Gtid号是不一样的,所以在恢复全备份到3308后,
启动并登录3308实例,reset master 清空当前的3308上的Gtid,然后再set global gtid_purged=‘bde7b592-b966-11e9-8c64-000c294f3e61:1-10296‘; 让3308 实例的Gtid号执行到全量备份结束时的这个Gtid号
(root@‘mgr01‘:mysql3308.sock)[(none)]>reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
(root@‘mgr01‘:mysql3308.sock)[(none)]>show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 154
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(root@‘mgr01‘:mysql3308.sock)[(none)]>set global gtid_purged=‘bde7b592-b966-11e9-8c64-000c294f3e61:1-10296‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
(root@‘mgr01‘:mysql3308.sock)[(none)]>show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 154
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set: bde7b592-b966-11e9-8c64-000c294f3e61:1-10296
(root@‘mgr01‘:mysql3308.sock)[(none)]>show global variables like "%Gtid%";
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | ON |
| enforce_gtid_consistency | ON |
| gtid_executed | bde7b592-b966-11e9-8c64-000c294f3e61:1-10296 |
| gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000 |
| gtid_mode | ON |
| gtid_owned | |
| gtid_purged | bde7b592-b966-11e9-8c64-000c294f3e61:1-10296 |
| session_track_gtids | OFF |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
二、开始MySQL relaylog + SQL_Thread 增量恢复binlog演示
3308 实例slave上操作:
2.1 change命令,是为了告诉MySQL自己为一个slave实例:
随便change master to master_host="192.168.1.10";
通过change命令,是为了告诉MySQL自己为一个slave实例,因为无需用到IO_Thread,故host,password,user等可以随意填写。
并且通过该步骤,生成relay.info文件。
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST="192.168.1.10";
show slave status\G只要
Auto_Position: 0 就行
2.2 关闭3308实例,将需要增量的binlog文件伪装成relaylog:
cp 3306binglog 日志文件到 mysql3308的数据目录data下
[root@mgr01 data]# cp /data/mysql/mysql3306/binlog/* /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/
rm -rf /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/mysql-bin.index
cd /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/
rename mysql-bin relay-bin mysql-bin.*
并且给予伪装后的relay-log文件对应的权限mysql的权限
2.3、删掉relay.info文件和修改relay-log.index文件:
移除掉 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/ 下面的原有的relay-log.info 文件。
编辑 mgr01-relay-bin.index 文件,添加relay log文件名称到此文件,为的是告诉SQL_Thread还有哪些relaylog是需要执行的。
[root@mgr01 data]# cat mgr01-relay-bin.index
./mgr01-relay-bin.000001
./relay-bin.000003
./relay-bin.000004
./relay-bin.000005
./relay-bin.000006
2.4、告诉3308 slave的sql_thread增量的relaylog文件要从哪个文件名以及pos位置点开始执行:
[root@mgr01 backup]# cat /data/backup/db_3306_20190808/xtrabackup_info |grep binlog_pos
binlog_pos = filename ‘mysql-bin.000003‘, position ‘29571‘, GTID of the last change ‘bde7b592-b966-11e9-8c64-000c294f3e61:1-10296‘
CHANGE MASTER TO RELAY_LOG_FILE=‘relay-bin.000003‘, RELAY_LOG_POS=29571;
该选项用于告诉SQL_Thread从哪个relay log文件以及pos位置点(也就是3306实例上当天的全量备份结束的binlog文件名和pos位置点)开始执行relay log文件恢复数据到slave 3308实例
也就是说在恢复全量备份的数据到3308 上后,接下来就是利用伪装好的relay log文件(也就是3306实例上当天的全量备份结束的binlog文件名和pos位置点)+sql_thread 线程 开始执行relay log文件恢复数据到slave 3308实例
START SLAVE SQL_THREAD UNTIL MASTER_LOG_FILE = ‘mysql-bin.000005‘, MASTER_LOG_POS =15018; ##此处的Gtid是drop table test1_event 前的最近的一个binlog的文件的pos位置点
或者是:
START SLAVE SQL_THREAD UNTIL SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS=‘bde7b592-b966-11e9-8c64-000c294f3e61:10445‘ ##此处的Gtid是drop table test1_event 前的最近的一个Gtid
三、此恢复的方式总结
优点:
可以断点恢复,人为控制进度,比如stop slave或者遇到错误时,可以断点恢复。
性能好,在大量binlog的情况下,可以加快恢复速度。
在某些版本可以利用多线程复制来加快增量速度,时恢复更快。
缺点:
需要关闭mysqld。
手动执行过程较mysqlbinlog方式更为复杂。
四、解决疑惑如下:
Q1整体上看binlog和relay-log结构是否是一致的???
答:整体上看binlog和relay-log结构上是一致的
Q2 binlog的filename和relay-log的filename是不是有关系?
答:没必然的关系的
Q3 把Binlog手工改成Relay-log是不是可行?
答:是可以的
Q4 Relay-log相关的记录信息有哪些?
五、利用SQL_thread快速恢复增量过程总结:
1.不能使用master_auto_position=1
2.先要让mysql知道他是一个Slave
3.关掉mysql,构建relay-log
4.利用change master to relay_log_file=... ,
relay_log_pos=...;
5.START SLAVE SQL_THREAD UNTIL MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘xxx‘,MASTER_LOG_POS=xxxxx
或者START SLAVE SQL_THREAD UNTIL SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS=‘xxx--xx-x‘;
START SLAVE SQL_THREAD UNTIL MASTER_LOG_FILE = ‘mysql-bin.000005‘, MASTER_LOG_POS =15018; ##此处的Gtid是drop table test1_event 前的最近的一个binlog的文件的pos位置点
或者是:
START SLAVE SQL_THREAD UNTIL SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS=‘bde7b592-b966-11e9-8c64-000c294f3e61:10445‘ ##此处的Gtid是drop table test1_event 前的最近的一个Gtid
参考博文地址:
下面的恢复方法参考文档:
http://blog.itpub.net/29773961/viewspace-2143726/
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MySQL relaylog + SQL_Thread 增量恢复binlog