Java企业微信开发_07_素材管理之上传本地临时素材文件

Posted 2020-10-03 shirayner

一、本节要点

1.临时素材有效期

media_id是可复用的，同一个media_id可用于消息的多次发送(3天内有效)

 

2.上传文件时的http请求里都有啥

 

具体原理可参看： 为什么上传文件的表单需要设置enctype="multipart/form-data" （http://blog.csdn.net/mazhibinit/article/details/49667511）

 

3.上传本地临时素材到微信服务器的流程

（1）建立与微信服务器的网络连接

（2）从连接中获取输出流（写入微信服务器的），将本地文件以文件流的形式 写入输出流

（3）从连接中获取输入流（微信服务器返回的），获取输入流中的微信服务器返回的数据（type、media_id、created_at）

（4）上传完素材就要使用素材了：这时，我们拿着上一步的media_id，去做发送图片消息的测试。

 

 

二、代码实现

1. 微信上传素材的请求方法

public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl, File file)

/**
     * @desc ：微信上传素材的请求方法
     *  
     * @param requestUrl  微信上传临时素材的接口url
     * @param file    要上传的文件
     * @return String  上传成功后，微信服务器返回的消息
     */
    public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl, File file) {  
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();  
    
        try{
            //1.建立连接
            URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
            HttpURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();  //打开链接
            
            //1.1输入输出设置
            httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
            httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
            httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false); // post方式不能使用缓存
            //1.2设置请求头信息
            httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
            //1.3设置边界
            String BOUNDARY = "----------" + System.currentTimeMillis();
            httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","multipart/form-data; boundary="+ BOUNDARY);

            // 请求正文信息
            // 第一部分：
            //2.将文件头输出到微信服务器
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.append("--"); // 必须多两道线
            sb.append(BOUNDARY);
            sb.append("\\r\\n");
            sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\\"media\\";filelength=\\"" + file.length()
                    + "\\";filename=\\""+ file.getName() + "\\"\\r\\n");
            sb.append("Content-Type:application/octet-stream\\r\\n\\r\\n");
            byte[] head = sb.toString().getBytes("utf-8");
            // 获得输出流
            OutputStream outputStream = new DataOutputStream(httpUrlConn.getOutputStream());
            // 将表头写入输出流中：输出表头
            outputStream.write(head);

            //3.将文件正文部分输出到微信服务器
            // 把文件以流文件的方式 写入到微信服务器中
            DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
            int bytes = 0;
            byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024];
            while ((bytes = in.read(bufferOut)) != -1) {
                outputStream.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes);
            }
            in.close();
            //4.将结尾部分输出到微信服务器
            byte[] foot = ("\\r\\n--" + BOUNDARY + "--\\r\\n").getBytes("utf-8");// 定义最后数据分隔线
            outputStream.write(foot);
            outputStream.flush();
            outputStream.close();

            
            //5.将微信服务器返回的输入流转换成字符串  
            InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();  
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");  
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);  
            
            String str = null;  
            while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {  
                buffer.append(str);  
            }  
            
            bufferedReader.close();  
            inputStreamReader.close();  
            // 释放资源  
            inputStream.close();  
            inputStream = null;  
            httpUrlConn.disconnect();  

            
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("发送POST请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
        return buffer.toString();
    }

View Code

 

2.微信工具类——WeiXinUtil

我们将1中的微信上传素材的请求方法封装到WeiXinUtil.ava中

package com.ray.util;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Formatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;

import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;


import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.ray.pojo.AccessToken;




import net.sf.json.JSONException;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

public class WeiXinUtil {

    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WeiXinUtil.class);  
    //微信的请求url
    //获取access_token的接口地址（GET） 限200（次/天）  
    public final static String access_token_url = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/gettoken?corpid={corpId}&corpsecret={corpsecret}";  



    /**
     * 1.发起https请求并获取结果 
     *  
     * @param requestUrl 请求地址 
     * @param requestMethod 请求方式（GET、POST） 
     * @param outputStr 提交的数据 
     * @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值) 
     */  
    public static JSONObject httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {  
        JSONObject jsonObject = null;  
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();  
        try {  
            // 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化  
            TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };  
            SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");  
            sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());  
            // 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象  
            SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();  

            URL url = new URL(requestUrl);  
            HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();  
            httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);  

            httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);  
            httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);  
            httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);  
            // 设置请求方式（GET/POST）  
            httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);  

            if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod))  
                httpUrlConn.connect();  

            // 当有数据需要提交时  
            if (null != outputStr) {  
                OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();  
                // 注意编码格式，防止中文乱码  
                outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));  
                outputStream.close();  
            }  

            // 将返回的输入流转换成字符串  
            InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();  
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");  
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);  

            String str = null;  
            while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {  
                buffer.append(str);  
            }  
            bufferedReader.close();  
            inputStreamReader.close();  
            // 释放资源  
            inputStream.close();  
            inputStream = null;  
            httpUrlConn.disconnect();  
            jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());  
        } catch (ConnectException ce) {  
            log.error("Weixin server connection timed out.");  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            log.error("https request error:{}", e);  
        }  
        return jsonObject;  
    }  
    /**
     * @desc ：微信上传素材的请求方法
     *  
     * @param requestUrl  微信上传临时素材的接口url
     * @param file    要上传的文件
     * @return String  上传成功后，微信服务器返回的消息
     */
    public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl, File file) {  
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();  
    
        try{
            //1.建立连接
            URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
            HttpURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();  //打开链接
            
            //1.1输入输出设置
            httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
            httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
            httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false); // post方式不能使用缓存
            //1.2设置请求头信息
            httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
            //1.3设置边界
            String BOUNDARY = "----------" + System.currentTimeMillis();
            httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","multipart/form-data; boundary="+ BOUNDARY);

            // 请求正文信息
            // 第一部分：
            //2.将文件头输出到微信服务器
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.append("--"); // 必须多两道线
            sb.append(BOUNDARY);
            sb.append("\\r\\n");
            sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\\"media\\";filelength=\\"" + file.length()
                    + "\\";filename=\\""+ file.getName() + "\\"\\r\\n");
            sb.append("Content-Type:application/octet-stream\\r\\n\\r\\n");
            byte[] head = sb.toString().getBytes("utf-8");
            // 获得输出流
            OutputStream outputStream = new DataOutputStream(httpUrlConn.getOutputStream());
            // 将表头写入输出流中：输出表头
            outputStream.write(head);

            //3.将文件正文部分输出到微信服务器
            // 把文件以流文件的方式 写入到微信服务器中
            DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
            int bytes = 0;
            byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024];
            while ((bytes = in.read(bufferOut)) != -1) {
                outputStream.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes);
            }
            in.close();
            //4.将结尾部分输出到微信服务器
            byte[] foot = ("\\r\\n--" + BOUNDARY + "--\\r\\n").getBytes("utf-8");// 定义最后数据分隔线
            outputStream.write(foot);
            outputStream.flush();
            outputStream.close();

            
            //5.将微信服务器返回的输入流转换成字符串  
            InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();  
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");  
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);  
            
            String str = null;  
            while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {  
                buffer.append(str);  
            }  
            
            bufferedReader.close();  
            inputStreamReader.close();  
            // 释放资源  
            inputStream.close();  
            inputStream = null;  
            httpUrlConn.disconnect();  

            
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("发送POST请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
        return buffer.toString();
    }

    /** 
     * 2.发起http请求获取返回结果 
     *  
     * @param requestUrl 请求地址 
     * @return 
     */  
    public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl) {  
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();  
        try {  
            URL url = new URL(requestUrl);  
            HttpURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();  

            httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(false);  
            httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);  
            httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);  

            httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod("GET");  
            httpUrlConn.connect();  

            // 将返回的输入流转换成字符串  
            InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();  
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");  
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);  

            String str = null;  
            while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {  
                buffer.append(str);  
            }  
            bufferedReader.close();  
            inputStreamReader.close();  
            // 释放资源  
            inputStream.close();  
            inputStream = null;  
            httpUrlConn.disconnect();  

        } catch (Exception e) {  
        }  
        return buffer.toString();  
    }  


    /** 
     * 3.获取access_token 
     *  
     * @param appid 凭证 
     * @param appsecret 密钥 
     * @return 
     */  
    public static AccessToken getAccessToken(String appid, String appsecret) {  
        AccessToken accessToken = null;  

        String requestUrl = access_token_url.replace("{corpId}", appid).replace("{corpsecret}", appsecret);  
        JSONObject jsonObject = httpRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);  
        // 如果请求成功  
        if (null != jsonObject) {  
            try {  
                accessToken = new AccessToken();  
                accessToken.setToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));  
                accessToken.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt("expires_in"));  
            } catch (JSONException e) {  
                accessToken = null;  
                // 获取token失败  
                log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));  
            }  
        }  
        return accessToken;  
    }  


    /**
     * 3.获取微信的JSSDK配置信息
     * 方法名：getWxConfig</br>
     * 详述：获取微信的配置信息 </br>
     * 开发人员：souvc  </br>
     * 创建时间：2016-1-5  </br>
     * @param request
     * @return 说明返回值含义
     * @throws 说明发生此异常的条件
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> getWxConfig(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> ret = new HashMap<String, Object>();

        String appId = "wxa0064ea657f80062"; // 必填，公众号的唯一标识
        String secret = "fcc960840df869ad1a46af7993784917";

        String requestUrl = request.getRequestURL().toString();
        String access_token = "";
        String jsapi_ticket = "";
        String timestamp = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000); // 必填，生成签名的时间戳
        String nonceStr = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); // 必填，生成签名的随机串
        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+ appId + "&secret=" + secret;
        //使用http请求获取access_token
        JSONObject json = WeiXinUtil.httpRequest(url, "GET", null);
        System.out.println(" 获取access_token "+json);
        if (json != null) {
            //要注意，access_token需要缓存
            access_token = json.getString("access_token");
            //根据access_token获取jsapi_ticket
            url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token="+ access_token + "&type=jsapi";
            json = WeiXinUtil.httpRequest(url, "GET", null);
            System.out.println("jsapi_ticket "+json);
            if (json != null) {
                jsapi_ticket = json.getString("ticket");
            }
        }
        String signature = "";
        // 注意这里参数名必须全部小写，且必须有序
        String sign = "jsapi_ticket=" + jsapi_ticket + "&noncestr=" + nonceStr+ "&timestamp=" + timestamp + "&url=" + requestUrl;
        try {
            MessageDigest crypt = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
            crypt.reset();
            crypt.update(sign.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            signature = byteToHex(crypt.digest());
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        ret.put("appId", appId);
        ret.put("timestamp", timestamp);
        ret.put("nonceStr", nonceStr);
        ret.put("signature", signature);
        return ret;
    }


    /**
     * 方法名：byteToHex</br>
     * 详述：字符串加密辅助方法 </br>
     * 开发人员：souvc  </br>
     * 创建时间：2016-1-5  </br>
     * @param hash
     * @return 说明返回值含义
     * @throws 说明发生此异常的条件
     */
    private static String byteToHex(final byte[] hash) {
        Formatter formatter = new Formatter();
        for (byte b : hash) {
            formatter.format("%02x", b);
        }
        String result = formatter.toString();
        formatter.close();
        return result;

    }
}

View Code

 

3.业务类——TempMaterialService

package com.ray.service;

import java.io.File;


import com.ray.util.WeiXinUtil;

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

/**@desc  : 临时素材业务类
 * 
 * @author: shirayner
 * @date  : 2017-8-18 下午2:07:25
 */
public class TempMaterialService {
    //上传临时素材url
    public static String uploadTempMaterial_url="https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=TYPE";

    /**
     * @desc ：上传临时素材
     *  
     * @param accessToken   接口访问凭证 
     * @param type   媒体文件类型，分别有图片（image）、语音（voice）、视频（video），普通文件(file) 
     * @param fileUrl  本地文件的url。例如 "D/1.img"。
     * @return JSONObject   上传成功后，微信服务器返回的参数，有type、media_id    、created_at
     */
    public JSONObject uploadTempMaterial(String accessToken,String type,String fileUrl){
        //1.创建本地文件
        File file=new File(fileUrl);
        
        //2.拼接请求url
        uploadTempMaterial_url=uploadTempMaterial_url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken)
                .replace("TYPE", type);
        
        //3.调用接口，发送请求，上传文件到微信服务器
        String result=WeiXinUtil.httpRequest(uploadTempMaterial_url, file);
        
        //4.json字符串转对象：解析返回值，json反序列化
        result = result.replaceAll("[\\\\\\\\]", "");
        System.out.println("result:" + result);
        JSONObject resultJSON = JSONObject.fromObject(result);
        
        //5.返回参数判断
        if (resultJSON != null) {
            if (resultJSON.get("media_id") != null) {
                System.out.println("上传" + type + "永久素材成功");
                return resultJSON;
            } else {
                System.out.println("上传" + type + "永久素材失败");
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

}

View Code

 

4.测试类——TempMaterialTest

package com.ray.test;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.ray.service.TempMaterialService;
import com.ray.util.WeiXinParamesUtil;
import com.ray.util.WeiXinUtil;

/**@desc  : 临时素材
 * 
 * @author: shirayner
 * @date  : 2017-8-18 下午2:06:10
 */
public class TempMaterialTest {

    @Test
    public void testUploadTempMaterial(){
        //1.初始化参数
        String fileUrl="D:/renwu1.jpg";
        String type="image";
        String accessToken= WeiXinUtil.getAccessToken(WeiXinParamesUtil.corpId, WeiXinParamesUtil.contactsSecret).getToken();
        //2.调用业务类，上传临时素材
        TempMaterialService tms=new TempMaterialService();
        tms.uploadTempMaterial(accessToken, type, fileUrl);
        
        
        
    }
}

View Code

这时在控制台上会打印出微信服务器返回的media_id，我们拿着这个media_id去完成发送消息之发送图片消息的测试，参见  Java企业微信开发_05_消息推送之发送消息（主动）

 

5.测试类——SendMessageTest

package com.ray.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;


import com.ray.pojo.message.send.Article;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.FileMessage;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.ImgMessage;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.Media;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.News;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.NewsMessage;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.Text;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.TextMessage;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.Textcard;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.TextcardMessage;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.Video;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.VideoMessage;
import com.ray.pojo.message.send.VoiceMessage;
import com.ray.service.SendMessageService;
import com.ray.util.WeiXinParamesUtil;
import com.ray.util.WeiXinUtil;

/**@desc  : 消息推送之发送消息
 * 
 * @author: shirayner
 * @date  : 2017-8-18 上午10:04:55
 */
public class SendMessageTest {

    //1.发送文本消息
    @Test
    public void testSendTextMessage(){
        //0.设置消息内容
        String content="rayge,你好！你的快递已到，请携带工卡前往邮件中心领取。\\n出发前可查看" +
                "<a href=\\"http://work.weixin.qq.com\\">邮件中心视频实况" +
                "</a>，聪明避开排队。";

        //1.创建文本消息对象
        TextMessage message=new TextMessage();
        //1.1非必需
        message.setTouser("@all");  //不区分大小写
        //textMessage.setToparty("1");
        //txtMsg.setTotag(totag);
        //txtMsg.setSafe(0);

        //1.2必需
        message.setMsgtype("text");
        message.setAgentid(WeiXinParamesUtil.agentId);

        Text text=new Text();
        text.setContent(content);
        message.setText(text);

        //2.获取access_token:根据企业id和通讯录密钥获取access_token,并拼接请求url
        String accessToken= WeiXinUtil.getAccessToken(WeiXinParamesUtil.corpId, WeiXinParamesUtil.agentSecret).getToken();
        System.out.println("accessToken:"+accessToken);

        //3.发送消息：调用业务类，发送消息
        SendMessageService sms=new SendMessageService();
        sms.sendMessage(accessToken, message);

    }

    //2.发送文本卡片消息
    @Test
    public void testSendTextcardMessage(){
        //0.设置消息内容
        String title="代办事宜";
        String description="<div class=\\"gray\\">2017年8月18日</div> <div class=\\"normal\\">" +
                "恭喜你抽中iPhone 7一台，领奖码：xxxx</div><div class=\\"highlight\\">" +
                "请于2017年10月10日前联系行政同事领取</div>";
        String url="http://www.cnblogs.com/shirui/p/7297872.html";

        //1.创建文本卡片消息对象
        TextcardMessage message=new TextcardMessage();
        //1.1非必需
        message.setTouser("shirui");  //不区分大小写
        //message.setToparty("1");
        //message.setTotag(totag);
        //message.setSafe(0);

        //1.2必需
        message.setMsgtype("textcard");
        message.setAgentid(WeiXinParamesUtil.agentId);

        Textcard textcard=new Textcard();
        textcard.setTitle(title);
        textcard.setDescription(description);
        textcard.setUrl(url);
        message.setTextcard(textcard);

        //2.获取access_token:根据企业id和通讯录密钥获取access_token,并拼接请求url
        String accessToken= WeiXinUtil.getAccessToken(WeiXinParamesUtil.corpId, WeiXinParamesUtil.agentSecret).getToken();
        System.out.println("accessToken:"+accessToken);

        //3.发送消息：调用业务类，发送消息
        SendMessageService sms=new SendMessageService();
        sms.sendMessage(accessToken, message);

    }

    //3.发送图片消息---无效的media_id
    @Test
    public void testSendImgMessage(){
        //0.设置消息内容
        //String media_id="MEDIA_ID";
        String media_id="3oKgxI6C_Z_8gPr5a1ORIhYTLlMJnoMWbrRIrip2p6oQ";
        //1.创建图片消息对象
        ImgMessage message=new ImgMessage();
        //1.1非必需
        message.setTouser("@all");  //不区分大小写
        //textMessage.setToparty("1");
        //txtMsg.setTotag(totag);
        //txtMsg.setSafe(0);

        //1.2必需
        message.setMsgtype("image");
        message.setAgentid(WeiXinParamesUtil.agentId);

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