[j2ee]java中的xml操作
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一、XML简单介绍
xml是可扩展标记语言,主要用来标记数据、定义数据类型,很适合万维网传输。
xml特点:
- xml是一种标记语言。非常类似html
- xml的设计宗旨是数据传输,而不是显示数据
- xml标签没有被提前定义,须要自行定义标签
- xml被设计为具有自我描写叙述性
- xml是W3C的推荐标准
xml和html对照:
- XML被设计为传输和存储数据,其焦点是数据的内容。
- html被设计用来显示数据,其焦点是数据的外观。
- html旨在显示信息,而xml旨在传输信息。
演示样例:
<bookstore> <book category="CHILDREN"> <title>harry Potter</title> <author>JK.Rowing</author> <year>2005</year> <price>35.2</price> </book> </bookstore>元素能够包括其它元素、文本或者两者的混合物。元素也能够拥有属性。
<bookstore>和<book>都拥有元素内容,<author>仅仅有文本内容,<book>还拥有属性。
二、Dom方式读取xml
新建一个java project。在工程根文件夹下放置一个languages.xml:
<?Dom方式读取xml文件:xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Languages cat="it"> <lan id="1"> <name>java</name> <ide>Eclipse</ide> </lan> <lan id="2"> <name>Swift</name> <ide>Xcode</ide> </lan> <lan id="3"> <name>C#</name> <ide>Visual Studio</ide> </lan> </Languages>
import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Iterator; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; public class ReadXml { public static void main(String[] args) { try { // Dom方式 DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); Document document = builder.parse(new File("language.xml")); Element root = document.getDocumentElement(); System.out.println("cat=" + root.getAttribute("cat")); NodeList list = root.getElementsByTagName("lan"); for (int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++) { Element lan = (Element) list.item(i); System.out.println("------------------"); System.out.println("id=" + lan.getAttribute("id")); /* * Element name=(Element) * lan.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0); * System.out.println("name="+name.getTextContent()); Element * ide=(Element) lan.getElementsByTagName("ide").item(0); * System.out.println("ide="+ide.getTextContent()); */ NodeList clist = lan.getChildNodes(); for (int j = 0; j < clist.getLength(); j++) { Node c = clist.item(j); if (c instanceof Element) { System.out.println(c.getNodeName() + "=" + c.getTextContent()); } } } } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SAXException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
输出:
cat=it ------------------ id=1 name=java ide=Eclipse ------------------ id=2 name=Swift ide=Xcode ------------------ id=3 name=C# ide=Visual Studio
package ucas.yp.xml; import java.io.File; import java.io.StringWriter; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.Result; import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; public class CreateXml { public static void main(String[] args) { try { DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); Document document=builder.newDocument(); Element root=document.createElement("Languages"); root.setAttribute("cat", "it"); Element lan1=document.createElement("lan"); lan1.setAttribute("id", "1"); Element name1=document.createElement("name"); name1.setTextContent("Java"); Element ide1=document.createElement("ide"); ide1.setTextContent("Eclipse"); lan1.appendChild(name1); lan1.appendChild(ide1); //从内到外一层层包装 Element lan2=document.createElement("lan"); lan2.setAttribute("id", "2"); Element name2=document.createElement("name"); name2.setTextContent("Swift"); Element ide2=document.createElement("ide"); ide2.setTextContent("Xcode"); lan2.appendChild(name2); lan2.appendChild(ide2); Element lan3=document.createElement("lan"); lan3.setAttribute("id", "3"); Element name3=document.createElement("name"); name3.setTextContent("C#"); Element ide3=document.createElement("ide"); ide3.setTextContent("Visual Studio"); lan3.appendChild(name3); lan3.appendChild(ide3); root.appendChild(lan1); root.appendChild(lan2); root.appendChild(lan3); document.appendChild(root); TransformerFactory trFactory=TransformerFactory.newInstance(); Transformer transformer=trFactory.newTransformer(); StringWriter writer=new StringWriter(); transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(writer)); //----- 字符串输出 System.out.println(writer.toString()); //-----生成xml文件 transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult( new File("newxml.xml"))); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (TransformerException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Dom4j是一个优秀的java操作xml的库,具有性能优异、功能强大和极其易使用的特点。下载地址:http://www.dom4j.org/dom4j-1.6.1/
package ucas.yp.xml; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.DocumentException; import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper; import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter; public class TestDom4j { public static void main(String[] args) { String xmlString = "<bookstore><book><title>harry Potter</title><author>JK.Rowing</author><year>2005</year><price>35.2</price></book></bookstore>"; try { Document document = DocumentHelper.parseText(xmlString); // 打印 System.out.println(document.asXML()); //生成xml文件 XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter("book.xml")); writer.write(document); writer.close(); } catch (DocumentException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }刷新project文件夹。能够看到新生成的book.xml。
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