学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗

Posted 2023-03-07 _DiMinisH

学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗（五）

• • 继续编写魂斗罗
  • • 1. 加载地图
    • 2. 修改角色尺寸和地面高度
    • 3. 添加玩家镜头移动
    • 4. 修改子弹的发射位置

继续编写魂斗罗

在上次的博客学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗（四）中，我们完成了角色的移动和跳跃还有射击，由于博主没有射击的音效，所以我们下面直接来写地图场景的代码，那我们就开始吧。

下面是图片的素材

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1X7tESkes_O6nbPxfpHD6hQ?pwd=hdly
提取码：hdly

1. 加载地图

首先设置一下地图缩放的尺寸，在Constants.py中加入代码

# 地图放缩倍数
MAP_SCALE = 2.5

其次，在主类中加载地图图片，修改__init__()函数

# 读取背景图片
self.background = pygame.image.load('../Image/Map/第一关BG.png')
self.backRect = self.background.get_rect()
# 放大2.5倍
self.background = pygame.transform.scale(
    self.background,
    (int(self.backRect.width * MAP_SCALE),
     int(self.backRect.height * MAP_SCALE))
)
# 设置地图初始位置
self.backRect.x = -1280

对于窗口而言，我们要把地图加载到 (-1280, 0) 的位置

地图加载以后，我们要把它显示出来，修改update()函数

def update(self, window, player1BulletList):
    # 加载背景
    window.blit(self.background, self.backRect)
    # 更新物体
    currentTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()
    MainGame.allSprites.update(self.keys, currentTime, player1BulletList)
    drawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList)
    # 显示物体
    MainGame.allSprites.draw(window)

现在看看效果，来运行一下

此时可以看到，成功加载了地图

2. 修改角色尺寸和地面高度

我们可以发现，角色有一点大了，调整小一点，修改Constants.py中的代码

新增变量

# 玩家放缩倍数
PLAYER_SCALE = 1.9

修改加载图片函数，把其中的2.5改成我们设置的倍数

def loadImage(filename, hReverse = False):
    image = pygame.image.load(filename)
    if hReverse:
        image = pygame.transform.flip(image, True, False)
    rect = image.get_rect()
    image = pygame.transform.scale(
        image,
        (int(rect.width * PLAYER_SCALE), int(rect.height * PLAYER_SCALE))
    )
    image = image.convert_alpha()
    return image

再运行一下，看看效果

可以看到人物变小了，那么就设置成功了

然后我们跳跃一下试试

发现掉下去了，这是因为在falling()函数中，设置了高度

SCREEN_HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT = 600 - 63 = 537
所以高度永远不会低于537，这次我们修改一下，把高度调整的高一点，即让人物站的高一点

修改地面高度为295

GROUND_HEIGHT = 295

修改falling()函数中的代码，直接改成GROUND_HEIGHT

我们再看看效果

这次不管怎么跳，也不会下去了

接下来我们设置一下出场动画

在玩家类中，修改角色的初始状态

改为掉落

接下来把角色的位置修改一下，修改主类创建角色的代码

这样就好啦

我们再运行一下，看看效果

可以看到，人物掉下来出场的

完整的主类代码

import sys
import pygame
from Constants import *
from PlayerOne import PlayerOne


def drawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList):
    for bullet in player1BulletList:
        if bullet.isDestroy:
            player1BulletList.remove(bullet)
        else:
            bullet.draw(MainGame.window)
            bullet.move()

class MainGame:

    player1 = None
    allSprites = None

    window = None

    # 子弹
    player1BulletList = []

    def __init__(self):
        # 初始化展示模块
        pygame.display.init()

        SCREEN_SIZE = (SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)
        # 初始化窗口
        MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE)
        # 设置窗口标题
        pygame.display.set_caption('魂斗罗角色')
        # 是否结束游戏
        self.isEnd = False
        # 获取按键
        self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        # 帧率
        self.fps = 60
        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()

        # 初始化角色
        MainGame.player1 = PlayerOne(pygame.time.get_ticks())
        # 设置角色的初始位置
        MainGame.player1.rect.x = 80
        MainGame.player1.rect.bottom = 0

        # 把角色放入组中，方便统一管理
        MainGame.allSprites = pygame.sprite.Group(MainGame.player1)

        # 读取背景图片
        self.background = pygame.image.load('../Image/Map/第一关BG.png')
        self.backRect = self.background.get_rect()
        self.background = pygame.transform.scale(
            self.background,
            (int(self.backRect.width * MAP_SCALE),
             int(self.backRect.height * MAP_SCALE))
        )
        self.backRect.x = -1280

    def run(self):
        while not self.isEnd:

            # 设置背景颜色
            pygame.display.get_surface().fill((0, 0, 0))

            # 游戏场景和景物更新函数
            self.update(MainGame.window, MainGame.player1BulletList)

            # 获取窗口中的事件
            self.getPlayingModeEvent()

            # 更新窗口
            pygame.display.update()

            # 设置帧率
            self.clock.tick(self.fps)
            fps = self.clock.get_fps()
            caption = '魂斗罗 - :.2f'.format(fps)
            pygame.display.set_caption(caption)
        else:
            sys.exit()

    def getPlayingModeEvent(self):
        # 获取事件列表
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            # 点击窗口关闭按钮
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                self.isEnd = True
            # 键盘按键按下
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
            # 键盘按键抬起
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

    def update(self, window, player1BulletList):
        # 加载背景
        window.blit(self.background, self.backRect)
        # 更新物体
        currentTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        MainGame.allSprites.update(self.keys, currentTime, player1BulletList)
        drawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList)
        # 显示物体
        MainGame.allSprites.draw(window)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    MainGame().run()

完整角色类代码

import pygame
from Constants import *
from Bullet import Bullet


class PlayerOne(pygame.sprite.Sprite):

    def __init__(self, currentTime):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        # 加载角色图片
        self.standRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/stand.png')
        self.standLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/stand.png')
        self.upRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/upRight(small).png')
        self.upLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/upLeft(small).png')
        self.downRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Down/down.png')
        self.downLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Down/down.png', True)
        self.obliqueUpRightImages = [
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp3.png'),
        ]
        self.obliqueUpLeftImages = [
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp1.png', True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp2.png', True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp3.png', True),
        ]
        self.obliqueDownRightImages = [
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/3.png'),
        ]
        self.obliqueDownLeftImages = [
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/1.png', True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/2.png', True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/3.png', True),
        ]
        # 角色向右的全部图片
        self.rightImages = [
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run3.png')
        ]
        # 角色向左的全部图片
        self.leftImages = [
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run3.png')
        ]
        # 角色跳跃的全部图片
        self.upRightImages = [
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump3.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump4.png'),
        ]
        self.upLeftImages = [
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump1.png', True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump2.png', True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump3.png', True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump4.png', True),
        ]
        self.rightFireImages = [
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire3.png'),
        ]
        self.leftFireImages = [
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire1.png', True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire2.png', True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire3.png', True),
        ]
        # 角色左右移动下标
        self.imageIndex = 0
        # 角色跳跃下标
        self.upImageIndex = 0
        # 角色斜射下标
        self.obliqueImageIndex = 0
        # 上一次显示图片的时间
        self.runLastTimer = currentTime
        self.fireLastTimer = currentTime

        # 选择当前要显示的图片
        self.image = self.standRightImage
        # 获取图片的rect
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        # 设置角色的状态
        self.state = State.FALL
        # 角色的方向
        self.direction = Direction.RIGHT
        # 速度
        self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED
        self.ySpeed = 0
        self.jumpSpeed = -11
        # 人物当前的状态标志
        self.isStanding = False
        self.isWalking = False
        self.isJumping = True
        self.isSquating = False
        self.isFiring = False
        # 重力加速度
        self.gravity = 0.7

        self.isUp = False
        self.isDown = False

    def update(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):
        # 更新站或者走的状态
        # 根据状态响应按键
        if self.state == State.STAND:
            self.standing(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)
        elif self.state == State.WALK:
            self.walking(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)
        elif self.state == State.JUMP:
            self.jumping(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)
        elif self.state == State.FALL:
            self.falling(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)

        # 更新位置
        # 记录前一次的位置坐标
        pre = self.rect.x
        self.rect.x += self.xSpeed
        self.rect.y += self.ySpeed
        # 如果x位置小于0了，就不能移动，防止人物跑到屏幕左边
        if self.rect.x <= 0:
            self.rect.x = pre

        # 更新动画
        # 跳跃状态
        if self.isJumping:
            # 根据方向
            if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:
                # 方向向右，角色加载向右跳起的图片
                self.image = self.upRightImages[self.upImageIndex]
            else:
                # 否则，方向向左，角色加载向左跳起的图片
                self.image = self.upLeftImages[self.upImageIndex]

        # 角色蹲下
        if self.isSquating:
            if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:
                # 加载向右蹲下的图片
                self.image = self.downRightImage
            else:
                # 加载向左蹲下的图片
                self.image = self.downLeftImage

        # 角色站着
        if self.isStanding:
            if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:
                if self.isUp:
                    # 加载向右朝上的图片
                    self.image = self.upRightImage
                elif self.isDown:
                    # 加载向右蹲下的图片
                    self.image = self.downRightImage
                else:
                    # 加载向右站着的图片
                    self.image = self.standRightImage
            else:
                # 向左也是同样的效果
                if self.isUp:
                    self.image = self.upLeftImage
                elif self.isDown:
                    self.image = self.downLeftImage
                else:
                    self.image = self.standLeftImage

        # 角色移动
        if self.isWalking:
            if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:
                if self.isUp:
                    # 加载斜右上的图片
                    self.image = self.obliqueUpRightImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]
                elif self.isDown:
                    # 加载斜右下的图片
                    self.image = self.obliqueDownRightImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]
                else:
                    # 加载向右移动的图片，根据开火状态是否加载向右开火移动的图片
                    if self.isFiring:
                        self.image = self.rightFireImages[self.imageIndex]
                    else:
                        self.image = self.rightImages[self.imageIndex]
            else:
                if self.isUp:
                    self.image = self.obliqueUpLeftImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]
                elif self.isDown:
                    self.image = self.obliqueDownLeftImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]
                else:
                    if self.isFiring:
                        self.image = self.leftFireImages[self.imageIndex]
                    else:
                        self.image = self.leftImages[self.imageIndex]

    def standing(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):
        """角色站立"""

        # 设置角色状态
        self.isStanding = True
        self.isWalking = False
        self.isJumping = False
        self.isSquating = False
        self.isUp = False
        self.isDown = False
        self.isFiring = False

        # 设置速度
        self.ySpeed = 0
        self.xSpeed = 0

        # 按下A键
        if keys[pygame.K_a]:
            # A按下，角色方向向左
            self.direction = Direction.LEFT
            # 改变角色的状态，角色进入移动状态
            self.state = State.WALK
            # 设置站立状态为False，移动状态为True
            self.isStanding = False
            self.isWalking = True
            # 向左移动，速度为负数，这样玩家的x坐标是减小的
            self.xSpeed = -PLAYER_X_SPEED
        # 按下D键
        elif keys[pygame.K_d]:
            # D按下，角色方向向右
            self.direction = Direction.RIGHT
            # 改变角色的状态，角色进入移动状态
            self.state = State.WALK
            # 设置站立状态为False，移动状态为True
            self.isStanding = False
            self.isWalking = True
            # 向右移动，速度为正数
            self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED
        # 按下k键
        elif keys[pygame.K_k]:
            # K按下，角色进入跳跃状态，但是不会改变方向
            self.state = State.JUMP
            # 设置站立状态为False，跳跃状态为True
            # 不改变移动状态，因为移动的时候也可以跳跃
            self.isStanding = False
            self.isJumping = True
            # 设置速度，速度为负数，因为角色跳起后，要下落
            self.ySpeed = self.jumpSpeed
        # 没有按下按键
        else:
            # 没有按下按键，角色依然是站立状态
            self.state = State.STAND
            self.isStanding = True

        # 按下w键
        if keys[pygame.K_w]:
            # W按下，角色向上，改变方向状态
            self.isUp = True
            self.isStanding = True
            self.isDown = False
            self.isSquating = False
        # 按下s键
        elif keys[pygame.K_s]:
            # S按下，角色蹲下，改变方向状态，并且蹲下状态设置为True
            self.isUp = False
            self.isStanding = False
            self.isDown = True
            self学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗

 学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗
 学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗
 学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗
 学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗
 学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗