ELK 部署ELK+Filebeat日志收集分析系统
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说明：此安装流程只适用于8.0.0以下的版本
1. ElasticSearch 部署
1.1 下载ElasticSearch的wget指令：
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.13.4-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
1.2 解压安装包到指定目录
指定解压缩到 /usr/local 目录下
tar -zxvf elasticsearch-7.13.4-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
1.3 修改配置文件
（1）elasticsearch.yml
#集群名称
cluster.name: es-application
#节点名称
node.name: node-1
#data文件路径
path.data: /usr/local/elasticsearch-7.13.4/data
#日志文件路径
path.logs: /usr/local/elasticsearch-7.13.4/logs
#ip
network.host: 192.168.126.139
#端口
http.port: 9200
#ssl验证
xpack.security.http.ssl:
#设为false，关闭ssl验证，否则访问不到9200页面
enabled: false
keystore.path: certs/http.p12
分别创建 path.data、path.logs 对应的 data、logs文件夹。
详细配置：
# ======================== Elasticsearch Configuration =========================
#
# NOTE: Elasticsearch comes with reasonable defaults for most settings.
# Before you set out to tweak and tune the configuration, make sure you
# understand what are you trying to accomplish and the consequences.
#
# The primary way of configuring a node is via this file. This template lists
# the most important settings you may want to configure for a production cluster.
#
# Please consult the documentation for further information on configuration options:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html
#
# ---------------------------------- 集群配置 -----------------------------------
# ---------------------------------- Cluster -----------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#
#cluster.name: my-application
#
# ------------------------------------ 节点 ------------------------------------
# ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------
#
# 为节点使用描述性名称：
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
#配置节点名
#node.name: n1
#node.name: n2
#node.name: node-1
#
# 将自定义属性添加到节点
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#
#node.attr.rack: r1
#
# ----------------------------------- 路径 ------------------------------------
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
# 存储数据的目录路径（多个目录用逗号分隔）
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
#数据路径
#path.data: /path/to/data
path.data: /path/to/data
#
# Path to log files:
#
#日志路径
#path.logs: /path/to/logs
path.logs: /path/to/logs
#
# ----------------------------------- 内存 -----------------------------------
# ----------------------------------- Memory -----------------------------------
# 启动时锁定内存
# Lock the memory on startup:
#
#bootstrap.memory_lock: true
# 确保堆大小设置为可用内存的一半左右，并且允许进程的所有者使用此限制。
# Make sure that the heap size is set to about half the memory available
# on the system and that the owner of the process is allowed to use this
# limit.
# 当系统交换内存时，Elasticsearch性能不佳。
# Elasticsearch performs poorly when the system is swapping the memory.
#
# ---------------------------------- 网络 -----------------------------------
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
# 默认只能在本机使用，需要配置局域网ip（在内网环境中访问）
# By default Elasticsearch is only accessible on localhost. Set a different
# address here to expose this node on the network:
#
#IP
#network.host: 192.168.0.1
network.host: 192.168.0.101
#
# By default Elasticsearch listens for HTTP traffic on the first free port it
# finds starting at 9200. Set a specific HTTP port here:
#
#端口
#http.port: 9200
http.port: 9200
# For more information, consult the network module documentation.
#
# --------------------------------- 发现 ----------------------------------
# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
# 在此节点启动时传递要执行查找的主机的初始列表：
# 主机的默认列表为[“127.0.0.1”、“[：：1]”
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when this node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
#配置多个主机去发现
#discovery.seed_主机：[“主机1”、“主机2”]
#discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.1.1", "192.168.1.2"]
#discovery.seed_hosts: ["host1", "host2"]
#
# Bootstrap the cluster using an initial set of master-eligible nodes:
#使用初始节点引导集群
#cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["n1", "n2"]
#cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1", "node-2"]
#
# For more information, consult the discovery and cluster formation module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- 其他 -----------------------------------
# ---------------------------------- Various -----------------------------------
# 删除索引时需要显式名称
# Require explicit names when deleting indices:
#
#action.destructive_requires_name: true（2）limits.conf
vim /etc/security/limits.conf末尾追加以下内容：
* soft nofile 1048576
* hard nofile 1048576
es soft nofile 1048576
es hard nofile 1048576
es soft nproc 4096
es hard nproc 4096
（3）sysctl.conf
在 /etc/sysctl.conf 末尾追加：
kernel.printk=5
vm.max_map_count=655360
（4）使配置生效
执行以下命令，使 /etc/ 目录修改的配置生效：
sysctl -p1.4 创建新用户
# 创建用户
useradd es
# 设置密码
passwd es
# 赋予用户权限
chown -R es:es/usr/server/elasticsearch-8.5.21.5 启动elasticsearch
# 切换用户
su es
# 启动 -d表示后台启动
./bin/elasticsearch -d1.6 访问
说明：8.0.0版本以下没有开启登录验证。
2. 安装 Kibana（es用户启动）
2.1 下载并安装Kibana：
（1）wget下载kibana
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-8.5.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
（2）解压到安装目录
tar -zxvf kibana-8.5.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
2.2 创建用户并给文件加授权
（1）创建用户
useradd kibana
passwd kibana
（2）加授权
chown kibana /usr/local/kibana-8.5.2/ -R
说明：如果使用es用户来加权，当es用户启动时，相关的端口可能被占用，并导致5601端口无法释放被kibana使用。（elasticsearch和kibana使用不同的用户来授权）
2.3 修改配置文件
修改 config下的 kibana.yml
server.port: 5601
server.host: "0.0.0.0"
elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://0.0.0.0:9200"]
i18n.locale: "zh-CN"
详细配置
# 提供服务的端口
# Kibana is served by a back end server. This setting specifies the port to use.
#server.port: 5601
# 提供服务的IP
# Specifies the address to which the Kibana server will bind. IP addresses and host names are both valid values.
# The default is 'localhost', which usually means remote machines will not be able to connect.
# To allow connections from remote users, set this parameter to a non-loopback address.
#server.host: "localhost"
# 配置代理路径
# Enables you to specify a path to mount Kibana at if you are running behind a proxy.
# Use the `server.rewriteBasePath` setting to tell Kibana if it should remove the basePath
# from requests it receives, and to prevent a deprecation warning at startup.
# This setting cannot end in a slash.
#server.basePath: ""
# 指定Kibana是否应重写前缀为的请求，或要求它们由反向代理重写
# Specifies whether Kibana should rewrite requests that are prefixed with
# `server.basePath` or require that they are rewritten by your reverse proxy.
# This setting was effectively always `false` before Kibana 6.3 and will
# default to `true` starting in Kibana 7.0.
#server.rewriteBasePath: false
# 指定最终用户可以使用Kibana的公共URL。如果
# 已配置“server.basePath”。此URL应以相同的basePath结尾。
# Specifies the public URL at which Kibana is available for end users. If
# `server.basePath` is configured this URL should end with the same basePath.
#server.publicBaseUrl: ""
# 传入服务器请求的最大负载大小（以字节为单位）。
# The maximum payload size in bytes for incoming server requests.
#server.maxPayload: 1048576
# es服务的地址
# The URLs of the Elasticsearch instances to use for all your queries.
#elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://localhost:9200"]
# Kibana在Elasticsearch中使用索引来存储保存的搜索、可视化和仪表盘。如果索引不存在，Kibana将创建一个新索引。
# Kibana uses an index in Elasticsearch to store saved searches, visualizations and
# dashboards. Kibana creates a new index if the index doesn't already exist.
#kibana.index: ".kibana"
# 加载默认应用
# The default application to load.
#kibana.defaultAppId: "home"
# 如果es设置了账号和密码，在下面配置
# If your Elasticsearch is protected with basic authentication, these settings provide
# the username and password that the Kibana server uses to perform maintenance on the Kibana
# index at startup. Your Kibana users still need to authenticate with Elasticsearch, which
# is proxied through the Kibana server.
# 账号
#elasticsearch.username: "kibana_system"
# 密码
#elasticsearch.password: "pass"
# 配置ssl证书和ssl密钥
# Enables SSL and paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and SSL key files, respectively.
# These settings enable SSL for outgoing requests from the Kibana server to the browser.
#server.ssl.enabled: false
#server.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/server.crt
#server.ssl.key: /path/to/your/server.key
# 这些文件用于向Elasticsearch验证Kibana的身份，并且在以下情况下是必需的
# Optional settings that provide the paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and key files.
# These files are used to verify the identity of Kibana to Elasticsearch and are required when
# xpack.security.http.ssl.client_authentication in Elasticsearch is set to required.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/client.crt
#elasticsearch.ssl.key: /path/to/your/client.key
# 可选设置，允许您为证书指定PEM文件的路径
# Optional setting that enables you to specify a path to the PEM file for the certificate
# authority for your Elasticsearch instance.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificateAuthorities: [ "/path/to/your/CA.pem" ]
#若要忽略SSL证书的有效性，请将此设置的值更改为“无”。
# To disregard the validity of SSL certificates, change this setting's value to 'none'.
#elasticsearch.ssl.verificationMode: full
#等待Elasticsearch响应ping的时间（毫秒）。默认为的值
# Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch to respond to pings. Defaults to the value of
# the elasticsearch.requestTimeout setting.
#elasticsearch.pingTimeout: 1500
#等待后端或Elasticsearch响应的时间（毫秒）。此值
#必须是正整数。
# Time in milliseconds to wait for responses from the back end or Elasticsearch. This value
# must be a positive integer.
#elasticsearch.requestTimeout: 30000
#要发送到Elasticsearch的Kibana客户端头列表。发送*否*客户端
#标题，将此值设置为[]（空列表）。
# List of Kibana client-side headers to send to Elasticsearch. To send *no* client-side
# headers, set this value to [] (an empty list).
#elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist: [ authorization ]
#发送到Elasticsearch的标题名称和值。无法覆盖任何自定义标题
#通过客户端头，而不考虑elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist配置。
# Header names and values that are sent to Elasticsearch. Any custom headers cannot be overwritten
# by client-side headers, regardless of the elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist configuration.
#elasticsearch.customHeaders:
#Elasticsearch等待碎片响应的时间（毫秒）。设置为0以禁用。
#elasticsearch.shardTimeout:30000
# Time in milliseconds for Elasticsearch to wait for responses from shards. Set to 0 to disable.
#elasticsearch.shardTimeout: 30000
#记录发送到Elasticsearch的查询。需要将logging.verbose设置为true
# Logs queries sent to Elasticsearch. Requires logging.verbose set to true.
#elasticsearch.logQueries: false
#指定Kibana创建进程ID文件的路径
# Specifies the path where Kibana creates the process ID file.
#pid.file: /run/kibana/kibana.pid
#允许您指定Kibana存储日志输出的文件
# Enables you to specify a file where Kibana stores log output.
#logging.dest: stdout
#将此设置的值设置为true以抑制所有日志记录输出。
# Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output.
#logging.silent: false
#将此设置的值设置为true以抑制除错误消息以外的所有日志输出。
# Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output other than error messages.
#logging.quiet: false
#将此设置的值设置为true以记录所有事件，包括系统使用信息以及所有的请求。
# Set the value of this setting to true to log all events, including system usage information
# and all requests.
#logging.verbose: false
#设置采样系统和进程性能的间隔（以毫秒为单位）
# Set the interval in milliseconds to sample system and process performance
# metrics. Minimum is 100ms. Defaults to 5000.
#ops.interval: 5000
#指定用于所有可本地化字符串、日期和数字格式的区域设置。
#支持的语言如下：英语-en，默认情况下为中文-zh-CN。
# Specifies locale to be used for all localizable strings, dates and number formats.
# Supported languages are the following: English - en , by default , Chinese - zh-CN .
#i18n.locale: "en"2.4 切换用户，启动服务
nohup ./bin/kibana &
2.5 测试
浏览器输入 ip:5601
说明：8.x.x 版本需要获取token，进行登录验证
3. 安装 logstash
3.1 下载 logstash
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-8.5.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
3.2 解压到安装目录
tar -zxvf logstash-8.5.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/3.4 修改配置
（1）修改 config/logstash-sample.conf
input
tcp
mode => "server"
host => "0.0.0.0"
type => "elk1"
port => 9601
codec => json
tcp
mode => "server"
host => "0.0.0.0"
type => "elk2"
port => 9602
codec => json
output
if [type]=="elk1"
elasticsearch
action => "index"
hosts => "**.**.**.**:9200"
index => "elk1"
codec =>"json"
if [type]=="elk2"
elasticsearch
action => "index"
hosts => "**.**.**.**:9200"
index => "elk2"
codec =>"json"
（2）修改 config/logstash.yml
api.http.host: 192.168.126.139
api.http.port: 9600-9700
pipeline.workers: 1
pipeline.batch.size: 1（3）修改 config/pipelines.yml
- pipeline.id: test
pipeline.workers: 1
pipeline.batch.size: 1
config.string: "input generator filter sleep time => 1 output stdout codec => dots "
- pipeline.id: another_test
queue.type: persisted
path.config: "/tmp/logstash/*.config"
（4）详细配置
#可以使用分层形式进行设置
# Settings file in YAML
#
# Settings can be specified either in hierarchical form, e.g.:
#通道
# pipeline:
#批次
# batch:
#大小
# size: 125
#延时
# delay: 5
#
# Or as flat keys:
# #一行一行的配置属性值
# pipeline.batch.size: 125
# pipeline.batch.delay: 5
#
# ------------ 节点标识 ------------
# ------------ Node identity ------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
# 节点名称
# node.name: test
# 如果省略，节点名称将默认为计算机的主机名
# If omitted the node name will default to the machine's host name
#
# ------------ 数据路径 ------------------
# ------------ Data path ------------------
#
#logstash及其插件应该使用哪个目录对于任何持续的需求。默认为LOGSTASH_HOME/data
# Which directory should be used by logstash and its plugins
# for any persistent needs. Defaults to LOGSTASH_HOME/data
#
# path.data:
#
# ------------ 管道设置 --------------
# ------------ Pipeline Settings --------------
# 管道的ID。
# The ID of the pipeline.
# 管道id:main
# pipeline.id: main
# 设置并行执行过滤器+输出的工作人员数量 管道阶段。
# Set the number of workers that will, in parallel, execute the filters+outputs
# stage of the pipeline.
# 这默认为主机的CPU核心数。
# This defaults to the number of the host's CPU cores.
# 管道工人：2名
# pipeline.workers: 2
# 在发送到筛选器+工作者之前，要从输入中检索多少事件
# How many events to retrieve from inputs before sending to filters+workers
# 管道.批次.尺寸：125
# pipeline.batch.size: 125
# 轮询下一个事件时等待的时间（毫秒）
# How long to wait in milliseconds while polling for the next event
# 在将较小的批次分配到过滤器+输出之前
# before dispatching an undersized batch to filters+outputs
# 管道.批次.延迟：50
# pipeline.batch.delay: 50
# 在停机期间强制Logstash退出记忆中的事件
# 默认情况下，logstash将拒绝退出，直到所有已将接收到的事件推送到输出。
# Force Logstash to exit during shutdown even if there are still inflight
# events in memory. By default, logstash will refuse to quit until all
# received events have been pushed to the outputs.
# 警告：启用此选项可能会导致关机期间数据丢失
# WARNING: enabling this can lead to data loss during shutdown
# pipeline.unsafe_shutdown: false
# 设置管道事件顺序。选项有“自动”（默认）、“真”或“假”。
# Set the pipeline event ordering. Options are "auto" (the default), "true" or "false".
# "auto" will automatically enable ordering if the 'pipeline.workers' setting
# is also set to '1'.
# "true" will enforce ordering on the pipeline and prevent logstash from starting
# if there are multiple workers.
# "false" will disable any extra processing necessary for preserving ordering.
#
pipeline.ordered: auto
#
# ------------ Pipeline Configuration Settings --------------
# ------------ 管道配置设置 --------------
#
# Where to fetch the pipeline configuration for the main pipeline
# 从何处获取主管道的管道配置
# path.config:
# 主管道的管道配置字符串
# Pipeline configuration string for the main pipeline
#
# config.string:
# 启动时，测试配置是否有效并退出（干运行）
# At startup, test if the configuration is valid and exit (dry run)
#
# config.test_and_exit: false
# 定期检查配置是否已更改并重新加载管道这也可以通过SIGHUP信号手动触发
# Periodically check if the configuration has changed and reload the pipeline
# This can also be triggered manually through the SIGHUP signal
#
# config.reload.automatic: false
#
# 不建议以这种方式设置间隔，在以后的版本中可能会更改
# How often to check if the pipeline configuration has changed (in seconds)
# Note that the unit value (s) is required. Values without a qualifier (e.g. 60)
# are treated as nanoseconds.
# Setting the interval this way is not recommended and might change in later versions.
#
# config.reload.interval: 3s
# 将完全编译的配置显示为调试日志消息
# Show fully compiled configuration as debug log message
# NOTE: --log.level must be 'debug'
# 注意：--log.level必须为“调试”
# 是否启动debugger模式
# config.debug: false
#
# 启用时，处理中字符串中的转义字符，如\\n和\\“
# When enabled, process escaped characters such as \\n and \\" in strings in the
# pipeline configuration files.
#
# config.support_escapes: false
#
# ------------HTTP API设置 -------------
# ------------ HTTP API Settings -------------
# Define settings related to the HTTP API here.
#
# 默认情况下启用HTTP API。它可以被禁用，但功能依赖于它不会按预期工作。
# The HTTP API is enabled by default. It can be disabled, but features that rely
# on it will not work as intended.
# http.enabled: true
# 默认情况下，HTTP API仅绑定到主机的本地环回接口，确保网络的其余部分无法访问它。因为API
# 既不包括身份验证，也不包括授权，并且尚未加固或删除测试用作可公开访问的API，绑定到可公开访问的IP应尽可能避免。
# By default, the HTTP API is bound to only the host's local loopback interface,
# ensuring that it is not accessible to the rest of the network. Because the API
# includes neither authentication nor authorization and has not been hardened or
# tested for use as a publicly-reachable API, binding to publicly accessible IPs
# should be avoided where possible.
# IP
# http.host: 127.0.0.1
#
# The HTTP API web server will listen on an available port from the given range.
# Values can be specified as a single port (e.g., `9600`), or an inclusive range
# of ports (e.g., `9600-9700`).
# 端口
# http.port: 9600-9700
#
# ------------ 模块设置 ---------------
# ------------ Module Settings ---------------
#在这里定义模块。模块定义必须定义为数组。
#查看这一点的简单方法是在每个'name'前面加上一个'-'，并保留
#与之关联的`name`下的所有关联变量，以及
#在下一个上面，像这样：
# Define modules here. Modules definitions must be defined as an array.
# The simple way to see this is to prepend each `name` with a `-`, and keep
# all associated variables under the `name` they are associated with, and
# above the next, like this:
#
# modules:
# - name: MODULE_NAME
# var.PLUGINTYPE1.PLUGINNAME1.KEY1: VALUE
# var.PLUGINTYPE1.PLUGINNAME1.KEY2: VALUE
# var.PLUGINTYPE2.PLUGINNAME1.KEY1: VALUE
# var.PLUGINTYPE3.PLUGINNAME3.KEY1: VALUE
#
# Module variable names must be in the format of
#
# var.PLUGIN_TYPE.PLUGIN_NAME.KEY
#
# modules:
#
# ------------ 云设置 ---------------
# ------------ Cloud Settings ---------------
# Define Elastic Cloud settings here.
# cloud.id的格式为base64值，例如dXMtZWFzdC0xLmF3cy5mb3VuZC5pbyRub3RhcmVhbCRpZGVudGlmaWVy
# Format of cloud.id is a base64 value e.g. dXMtZWFzdC0xLmF3cy5mb3VuZC5pbyRub3RhcmVhbCRpZGVudGlmaWVy
# and it may have an label prefix e.g. staging:dXMtZ...
# 它可能有一个标签前缀，例如staging:dXMtZ。。。
# This will overwrite 'var.elasticsearch.hosts' and 'var.kibana.host'
# cloud.id: <identifier>
#
# Format of cloud.auth is: <user>:<pass>
# This is optional
# 如果提供，这将覆盖“var.elasticsearch.username”和“var.elasticsearch.password”
# If supplied this will overwrite 'var.elasticsearch.username' and 'var.elasticsearch.password'
# If supplied this will overwrite 'var.kibana.username' and 'var.kibana.password'
# cloud.auth: elastic:<password>
#
# ------------ 队列设置 --------------
# ------------ Queuing Settings --------------
# 可以配置在硬盘或者内存中执行，默认为内存
# Internal queuing model, "memory" for legacy in-memory based queuing and
# "persisted" for disk-based acked queueing. Defaults is memory
#
# queue.type: memory
#
# 如果类型（queue.type）使用硬盘，此路径（path.queue:）则为数据文件的目录
# If using queue.type: persisted, the directory path where the data files will be stored.
# Default is path.data/queue
#
# path.queue:
#
# If using queue.type: persisted, the page data files size. The queue data consists of
# append-only data files separated into pages. Default is 64mb
# 仅追加分隔为页面的数据文件。默认值为64mb
# queue.page_capacity: 64mb
# 如果使用queue.type:persistend，则为队列中未读事件的最大数量。
# If using queue.type: persisted, the maximum number of unread events in the queue.
# Default is 0 (unlimited)
#
# queue.max_events: 0
#
#
# If using queue.type: persisted, the total capacity of the queue in number of bytes.
# If you would like more unacked events to be buffered in Logstash, you can increase the
# capacity using this setting. Please make sure your disk drive has capacity greater than
# the size specified here. If both max_bytes and max_events are specified, Logstash will pick
# whichever criteria is reached first
# Default is 1024mb or 1gb
# 队列容量
# queue.max_bytes: 1024mb
#
# If using queue.type: persisted, the maximum number of acked events before forcing a checkpoint
# Default is 1024, 0 for unlimited
# 强制检查点之前已确认的最大事件数
# queue.checkpoint.acks: 1024
#
# If using queue.type: persisted, the maximum number of written events before forcing a checkpoint
# Default is 1024, 0 for unlimited
# 则为强制检查点之前写入的最大事件数 默认值为1024，0表示无限制
# queue.checkpoint.writes: 1024
#
# If using queue.type: persisted, the interval in milliseconds when a checkpoint is forced on the head page
# Default is 1000, 0 for no periodic checkpoint.
# 如果使用queue.type:persisted，则在头页上强制设置检查点的间隔（以毫秒为单位）默认值为1000，0表示无定期检查点。
# queue.checkpoint.interval: 1000
#
# ------------ 死信队列设置 --------------
# ------------ Dead-Letter Queue Settings --------------
# Flag to turn on dead-letter queue.
# 死信队列。启用：false
# dead_letter_queue.enable: false
# 如果使用死信队列。enable:true，每个死信队列的最大大小。条目
# If using dead_letter_queue.enable: true, the maximum size of each dead letter queue. Entries
# 如果将死信队列的大小增加到超出此设置，则将删除
# will be dropped if they would increase the size of the dead letter queue beyond this setting.
# #默认值为1024mb
# Default is 1024mb
# 死信队列。最大字节数：1024mb
# dead_letter_queue.max_bytes: 1024mb
# 如果使用dead_letter_queue.enable：true，如果没有符合DLQ条件的其他事件，则间隔（以毫秒为单位）
# 创建后，将写入死信队列文件。这里的值越低，意味着队列文件越多、越小
# 可以写入，而较大的值将在“写入”死信队列的项目之间引入更多延迟，并且
# 当项目不经常写入时，死信队列输入可以读取。
# 默认值为5000。
# If using dead_letter_queue.enable: true, the interval in milliseconds where if no further events eligible for the DLQ
# have been created, a dead letter queue file will be written. A low value here will mean that more, smaller, queue files
# may be written, while a larger value will introduce more latency between items being "written" to the dead letter queue, and
# being available to be read by the dead_letter_queue input when items are are written infrequently.
# Default is 5000.
# 死信队列。刷新间隔：5000
# dead_letter_queue.flush_interval: 5000
# 如果使用dead_letter_queue.enable:true，则为存储数据文件的目录路径。
# If using dead_letter_queue.enable: true, the directory path where the data files will be stored.
# Default is path.data/dead_letter_queue
#
# path.dead_letter_queue:
#
# ------------- 指标设置 --------------
# ------------ Metrics Settings --------------
#
# Bind address for the metrics REST endpoint
# IP
# http.host: "127.0.0.1"
#
# Bind port for the metrics REST endpoint, this option also accept a range
# (9600-9700) and logstash will pick up the first available ports.
# 端口
# http.port: 9600-9700
#
# ------------ 调试设置 --------------
# ------------ Debugging Settings --------------
# 启动模式
# Options for log.level:
# * fatal
# * error
# * warn
# * info (default)
# * debug
# * trace
# 日志级别
# log.level: info
# path.logs:
#
# ------------ 其他设置 --------------
# ------------ Other Settings --------------
# 在哪里可以找到自定义插件
# Where to find custom plugins
# path.plugins: []
#
# 在单独的日志文件中输出每个管道的日志行的标志。每个日志文件名都包含pipeline.name默认值为false
# Flag to output log lines of each pipeline in its separate log file. Each log filename contains the pipeline.name
# Default is false
# pipeline.separate_logs: false
#
# X-Pack设置（不适用于OSS构建）
# ------------ X-Pack Settings (not applicable for OSS build)--------------
# X-Pack监控
# X-Pack Monitoring
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/monitoring-logstash.html
#xpack.monitoring.enabled: false
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.username: logstash_system
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.password: password
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.proxy: ["http://proxy:port"]
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.hosts: ["https://es1:9200", "https://es2:9200"]
# 主机+用户名/密码设置的替代方法是使用
# an alternative to hosts + username/password settings is to use cloud_id/cloud_auth
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.cloud_id: monitoring_cluster_id:xxxxxxxxxx
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.cloud_auth: logstash_system:password
# 另一种身份验证方法是使用Elasticsearch API密钥
# another authentication alternative is to use an Elasticsearch API key
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.api_key: "id:api_key"
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.ssl.certificate_authority: [ "/path/to/ca.crt" ]
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.ssl.truststore.path: path/to/file
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.ssl.truststore.password: password
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.ssl.keystore.path: /path/to/file
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.ssl.keystore.password: password
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.ssl.verification_mode: certificate
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.sniffing: false
#xpack.monitoring.collection.interval: 10s
#xpack.monitoring.collection.pipeline.details.enabled: true
# X-Pack管理
# X-Pack Management
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/logstash-centralized-pipeline-management.html
#xpack.management.enabled: false
#xpack.management.pipeline.id: ["main", "apache_logs"]
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.username: logstash_admin_user
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.password: password
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.proxy: ["http://proxy:port"]
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.hosts: ["https://es1:9200", "https://es2:9200"]
# 主机+用户名/密码设置的替代方法是使用
# an alternative to hosts + username/password settings is to use cloud_id/cloud_auth
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.cloud_id: management_cluster_id:xxxxxxxxxx
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.cloud_auth: logstash_admin_user:password
# 另一种身份验证方法是使用Elasticsearch API密钥
# another authentication alternative is to use an Elasticsearch API key
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.api_key: "id:api_key"
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.ssl.certificate_authority: [ "/path/to/ca.crt" ]
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.ssl.truststore.path: /path/to/file
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.ssl.truststore.password: password
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.ssl.keystore.path: /path/to/file
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.ssl.keystore.password: password
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.ssl.verification_mode: certificate
#xpack.management.elasticsearch.sniffing: false
#xpack.management.logstash.poll_interval: 5s3.5 启动
后台启动命令：
./bin/logstash -d 如果启动后，报以下错误提示：
Logstash - java.lang.IllegalStateException: Logstash stopped processing because of an err使用 -e 进行启动
./bin/logstash -e ""
#或
./logstash -e "input stdin output stdout "
3.6 测试成功
[root@linkhot04 bin]# ./logstash -e ""
Using bundled JDK: /usr/local/logstash-8.5.2/jdk
Sending Logstash logs to /usr/local/logstash-8.5.2/logs which is now configured via log4j2.properties
[2022-12-13T11:22:29,450][INFO ][logstash.runner ] Log4j configuration path used is: /usr/local/logstash-8.5.2/config/log4j2.properties
[2022-12-13T11:22:29,459][INFO ][logstash.runner ] Starting Logstash "logstash.version"=>"8.5.2", "jruby.version"=>"jruby 9.3.8.0 (2.6.8) 2022-09-13 98d69c9461 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 17.0.5+8 on 17.0.5+8 +indy +jit [x86_64-linux]"
[2022-12-13T11:22:29,463][INFO ][logstash.runner ] JVM bootstrap flags: [-Xms1g, -Xmx1g, -Djava.awt.headless=true, -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8, -Djruby.compile.invokedynamic=true, -Djruby.jit.threshold=0, -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError, -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/urandom, -Dlog4j2.isThreadContextMapInheritable=true, -Djruby.regexp.interruptible=true, -Djdk.io.File.enableADS=true, --add-exports=jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.api=ALL-UNNAMED, --add-exports=jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.file=ALL-UNNAMED, --add-exports=jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.parser=ALL-UNNAMED, --add-exports=jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.tree=ALL-UNNAMED, --add-exports=jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.util=ALL-UNNAMED, --add-opens=java.base/java.security=ALL-UNNAMED, --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED, --add-opens=java.base/java.nio.channels=ALL-UNNAMED, --add-opens=java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED, --add-opens=java.management/sun.management=ALL-UNNAMED]
[2022-12-13T11:22:30,109][WARN ][logstash.config.source.multilocal] Ignoring the 'pipelines.yml' file because modules or command line options are specified
[2022-12-13T11:22:35,472][INFO ][logstash.agent ] Successfully started Logstash API endpoint :port=>9600, :ssl_enabled=>false
[2022-12-13T11:22:36,319][INFO ][org.reflections.Reflections] Reflections took 295 ms to scan 1 urls, producing 125 keys and 438 values
[2022-12-13T11:22:37,889][INFO ][logstash.javapipeline ] Pipeline `main` is configured with `pipeline.ecs_compatibility: v8` setting. All plugins in this pipeline will default to `ecs_compatibility => v8` unless explicitly configured otherwise.
[2022-12-13T11:22:39,545][WARN ][logstash.javapipeline ][main] 'pipeline.ordered' is enabled and is likely less efficient, consider disabling if preserving event order is not necessary
[2022-12-13T11:22:39,934][INFO ][logstash.javapipeline ][main] Starting pipeline :pipeline_id=>"main", "pipeline.workers"=>1, "pipeline.batch.size"=>1, "pipeline.batch.delay"=>50, "pipeline.max_inflight"=>1, "pipeline.sources"=>["config string"], :thread=>"#<Thread:0x27e1005e run>"
[2022-12-13T11:22:41,459][INFO ][logstash.javapipeline ][main] Pipeline Java execution initialization time "seconds"=>1.5
[2022-12-13T11:22:41,855][INFO ][logstash.javapipeline ][main] Pipeline started "pipeline.id"=>"main"
The stdin plugin is now waiting for input:
[2022-12-13T11:22:41,990][INFO ][logstash.agent ] Pipelines running :count=>1, :running_pipelines=>[:main], :non_running_pipelines=>[]
#输入以下内容进行测试
hello world
"@version" => "1",
"message" => "hello world",
"@timestamp" => 2022-12-13T03:23:13.417075053Z,
"event" =>
"original" => "hello world"
,
"type" => "stdin",
"host" =>
"hostname" => "linkhot04"
3.7 从配置文件启动
（1）配置 新建 logstash.conf
cd logstash-7.13.4/config
vi logstash.conf输入内容如下：
input
tcp
mode => "server"
host => "0.0.0.0" #我这里是本地
port => 9061 #开放这个端口进行采集
codec => json_lines # 编解码器 有的版本需要独自安装
output
elasticsearch
#es地址
hosts=>["127.0.0.1:9200"]
# 在es里产生的index的名称
index => "springboot-study-%+YYYY.MM.dd"
stdoutcodec => rubydebug
说明：input表示输入日志的服务，output是同步到es的服务地址
（2）创建启动脚本
cd /home/es/elk/logstash-7.13.4/bin
vi start-logstash.sh输入如下内容：
./logstash -f ../config/logstash.conf保存 : wq!
赋权 chmod u+x start-logstash.sh
3.8 验证是否推送到ElasticSearch
访问：
192.168.126.139:9200/_search?q=start
3.9 kibana 查看应用日志
（1）索引查看
（2）索引模式介绍
此页面默认只有kibana_sample_data_ecommerce这一索引，这是kibana自带的。而我们也收到了springboot应用推送的 logs，但如果想要对logs进行查看、过滤、筛选，还需要为它创建索引模式，然后再通过设定的字段进行过滤。
（3）创建索引模式
点击“索引模式” -> 点击”创建索引模式“。
输入索引模式名称，该名称用来匹配索引。点击”下一步“，
选择时间字段的设定， @timestamp 表示使用时间筛选。然后点击“创建索引模式”,
这里展示的是应用日志涉及到的字段，都是能用来筛选的条件。此时索引模式已创建完毕，如果需要添加其他字段进行过滤，比如：spring
点击“添加字段” ，输入字段名，选择类型。点击 “保存” 。
（4）查看新增的索引模式
点击 “索引模式” 即可查看当前已添加的所有索引模式，包括刚刚添加的springboot-study-2022.12.14 。
（5）查看 2022.12.14 日的应用日志
4. filebeat 安装部署
4.1 安装
# 下载软件包
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
#解压
tar xf filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /mnt
mkdir -f /usr/local/filebeat
mv filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/filebeat
4.2 修改配置文件
（1）定义日志文件路径
- type: log
enabled: true
paths:
- /var/log/*.log
tags: ["VM"]
（2）直接输出给elasticsearch（不通过logstash)
当采集的日志不用过滤、分析、丰富、统一格式等操作时可以考虑该方式
output.elasticsearch:
# Array of hosts to connect to.
hosts: ["192.168.126.139:9200"]
（3）如果打算用kibana来展示filebeat数据，需要配置 kibana 终端
setup.kibana:
host: "192.168.126.139:5601"
（4）配置输出给logstash:
output.logstash:
# The Logstash hosts
hosts: ["192.168.126.139:5044"]
我们前面，给应用配置的时9601的端口来发送数据给logstash，这里用5044，也是一样的道理，通过网络写传输数据。
4.3 启动 filebeat
./filebeat -e -c ./filebeat.yml查看logs:
[root@linkhot04 filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64]# ./filebeat -e -c filebeat.yml
2022-12-15T15:14:36.653+0800 INFO instance/beat.go:665 Home path: [/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64] Config path: [/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64] Data path: [/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64/data] Logs path: [/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64/logs]
2022-12-15T15:14:36.653+0800 INFO instance/beat.go:673 Beat ID: 877dd226-ab0b-4262-b23a-af1ac06acd17
2022-12-15T15:14:36.654+0800 INFO [seccomp] seccomp/seccomp.go:124 Syscall filter successfully installed
2022-12-15T15:14:36.654+0800 INFO [beat] instance/beat.go:1014 Beat info "system_info": "beat": "path": "config": "/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64", "data": "/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64/data", "home": "/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64", "logs": "/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64/logs", "type": "filebeat", "uuid": "877dd226-ab0b-4262-b23a-af1ac06acd17"
2022-12-15T15:14:36.655+0800 INFO [beat] instance/beat.go:1023 Build info "system_info": "build": "commit": "1907c246c8b0d23ae4027699c44bf3fbef57f4a4", "libbeat": "7.13.4", "time": "2021-07-14T18:42:41.000Z", "version": "7.13.4"
2022-12-15T15:14:36.655+0800 INFO [beat] instance/beat.go:1026 Go runtime info "system_info": "go": "os":"linux","arch":"amd64","max_procs":4,"version":"go1.15.14"
2022-12-15T15:14:36.656+0800 INFO [beat] instance/beat.go:1030 Host info "system_info": "host": "architecture":"x86_64","boot_time":"2022-12-15T12:08:53+08:00","containerized":false,"name":"linkhot04","ip":["127.0.0.1/8","::1/128","192.168.126.139/24","fe80::6e91:eaa4:109d:fc/64","192.168.122.1/24"],"kernel_version":"3.10.0-1160.76.1.el7.x86_64","mac":["00:0c:29:33:67:0b","52:54:00:ec:35:00","52:54:00:ec:35:00"],"os":"type":"linux","family":"redhat","platform":"centos","name":"CentOS Linux","version":"7 (Core)","major":7,"minor":9,"patch":2009,"codename":"Core","timezone":"CST","timezone_offset_sec":28800,"id":"3d2fbdb2b2974dde9f1e324b37ddc8bb"
2022-12-15T15:14:36.656+0800 INFO [beat] instance/beat.go:1059 Process info "system_info": "process": "capabilities": "inheritable":null,"permitted":["chown","dac_override","dac_read_search","fowner","fsetid","kill","setgid","setuid","setpcap","linux_immutable","net_bind_service","net_broadcast","net_admin","net_raw","ipc_lock","ipc_owner","sys_module","sys_rawio","sys_chroot","sys_ptrace","sys_pacct","sys_admin","sys_boot","sys_nice","sys_resource","sys_time","sys_tty_config","mknod","lease","audit_write","audit_control","setfcap","mac_override","mac_admin","syslog","wake_alarm","block_suspend"],"effective":["chown","dac_override","dac_read_search","fowner","fsetid","kill","setgid","setuid","setpcap","linux_immutable","net_bind_service","net_broadcast","net_admin","net_raw","ipc_lock","ipc_owner","sys_module","sys_rawio","sys_chroot","sys_ptrace","sys_pacct","sys_admin","sys_boot","sys_nice","sys_resource","sys_time","sys_tty_config","mknod","lease","audit_write","audit_control","setfcap","mac_override","mac_admin","syslog","wake_alarm","block_suspend"],"bounding":["chown","dac_override","dac_read_search","fowner","fsetid","kill","setgid","setuid","setpcap","linux_immutable","net_bind_service","net_broadcast","net_admin","net_raw","ipc_lock","ipc_owner","sys_module","sys_rawio","sys_chroot","sys_ptrace","sys_pacct","sys_admin","sys_boot","sys_nice","sys_resource","sys_time","sys_tty_config","mknod","lease","audit_write","audit_control","setfcap","mac_override","mac_admin","syslog","wake_alarm","block_suspend"],"ambient":null, "cwd": "/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64", "exe": "/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64/filebeat", "name": "filebeat", "pid": 6606, "ppid": 6285, "seccomp": "mode":"filter","no_new_privs":true, "start_time": "2022-12-15T15:14:35.790+0800"
2022-12-15T15:14:36.656+0800 INFO instance/beat.go:309 Setup Beat: filebeat; Version: 7.13.4
2022-12-15T15:14:36.656+0800 INFO [index-management] idxmgmt/std.go:184 Set output.elasticsearch.index to 'filebeat-7.13.4' as ILM is enabled.
2022-12-15T15:14:36.656+0800 INFO eslegclient/connection.go:99 elasticsearch url: http://192.168.126.139:9200
2022-12-15T15:14:36.656+0800 INFO [publisher] pipeline/module.go:113 Beat name: linkhot04
2022-12-15T15:14:36.657+0800 INFO [add_cloud_metadata] add_cloud_metadata/add_cloud_metadata.go:101 add_cloud_metadata: hosting provider type not detected.
2022-12-15T15:14:36.657+0800 INFO [monitoring] log/log.go:117 Starting metrics logging every 30s
2022-12-15T15:14:36.658+0800 INFO instance/beat.go:473 filebeat start running.
2022-12-15T15:14:36.658+0800 INFO memlog/store.go:119 Loading data file of '/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64/data/registry/filebeat' succeeded. Active transaction id=0
2022-12-15T15:14:36.670+0800 INFO memlog/store.go:124 Finished loading transaction log file for '/usr/local/filebeat-7.13.4-linux-x86_64/data/registry/filebeat'. Active transaction id=1713
2022-12-15T15:14:36.670+0800 INFO [registrar] registrar/registrar.go:109 States Loaded from registrar: 21
2022-12-15T15:14:36.670+0800 INFO [crawler] beater/crawler.go:71 Loading Inputs: 2
2022-12-15T15:14:36.679+0800 INFO log/input.go:157 Configured paths: [/var/log/*.log]
2022-12-15T15:14:36.679+0800 INFO [crawler] beater/crawler.go:141 Starting input (ID: 16472630370509875212)
2022-12-15T15:14:36.679+0800 INFO [crawler] beater/crawler.go:108 Loading and starting Inputs completed. Enabled inputs: 1
2022-12-15T15:14:36.679+0800 INFO cfgfile/reload.go:164 Config reloader started
2022-12-15T15:14:36.680+0800 INFO cfgfile/reload.go:224 Loading of config files completed.
4.4 Kibana 查看 filebeat 索引
由上图可知， filebeat 的索引创建成功。在创建索引模式后，就可以对日志内容进行过滤查询了。
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