Hive 安装部署及测试

Posted 2022-12-03 正义飞

标签（空格分隔）： hive
1） Hive 如何配置与Hadoop 关联，进行创建表，加载数据测试
2） 在Linux下安装mysql数据库
3） 配置Hive元数据存储在MySQL中，查看相关元数据表信息
4） 熟悉基本的DML和DDL语句（创建数据库、表及加载数据和基本查询语句Select）

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hadoop,spark,kafka交流群：224209501

1，相关文档及环境要求

1.1，相关文档

• 官网：http：//hive.apache.org
• 文档：hive home getting start
• 下载：download

1.2，环境要求：

• java 1.7
• Hadoop 2.x (preferred)
• 本文配置的环境是centos6.4

2，安装hive

2.1 解压eapache-hive-0.13.1-bin.tar.gz

$tar -zxvf apache-hive-0.13.1-bin.tar.gz ./

2.2 设置HIVE_HOME为hive安装目录

$ cd hive-0.13.1
$ export HIVE_HOME=pwd

2.3 添加HIVE_HOME到系统PATH中

$ export PATH=$HIVE_HOME/bin:$PATH

3，运行hive

3.1 创建相关目录

$bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir       /tmp
$bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir     -p  /user/hive/warehouse
$bin/hdfs dfs -chmod g+w   /tmp
$bin/hdfs dfs -chmod g+w   /user/hive/warehouse

3.2 修改配置文件

在hive-env.xml文件中添加如下内容：

# Set HADOOP_HOME to point to a specific hadoop install directory
HADOOP_HOME=/opt/modules/hadoop-2.5.0/

# Hive Configuration Directory can be controlled by:
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/opt/modules/hive-0.13.1/conf

3.3 运行hive命令界面

(1).进入hive shell

//hive安装目录
$bin/hive

(2).创建table 名为student。

>use default;
>create table student(id int,name string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\\t';
>show tables;

执行结束后：

(2).上传数据

$vi stu.txt
//内容：
1001    sean
1002    jike
1003    tony
//上传数据到表中
>load data local inpath '/opt/datas/stu.txt' into table student;

(3).查看表中数据

>select * from student;

执行结束后：

(4).查看表中某一个列的数据

>select id from student;

执行结束后：

3.4 运行 HiveServer2 and Beeline

//hive安装目录
$bin/hiveserver2
$bin/beeline -u jdbc:hive2://$HS2_HOST:$HS2_PORT

4，安装mySQL

4.1 联网安装，使用yum

设置自动获取IP地址

4.2 替换系统镜像源

    $ cd /etc/yum.repos.d
    $ sudo mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak 
    $ sudo touch CentOS6-Base-163.repo
    $ sudo vi CentOS6-Base-163.repo
    //安装完成后执行
    $ sudo yum clean all

4.3 安装MYSQL

    $ sudo yum list|grep mysql
    $ sudo yum install mysql-server -y

4.4 启动Mysql

    $ sudo service mysqld status
    $ sudo service mysqld start

4.5 设置密码

    # /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

4.8 设置开机启动mysqld

$sudo chkconfig mysqld on
$sudo chkconfig --list |grep mysqld

执行结束后

4.7 测试

    $ mysql -uroot -p123456    
    > show databases ;
    > use test ;
    > show tables ;

5，hive常用属性配置

5.1 Hive hive-site.xml配置

首先创建vi hive-site.xml，并输入任意字符。

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
        <value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop-miao.host.com/metastore_db?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
        <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
        <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
        <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
        <value>root</value>
        <description>username to use against metastore database</description>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
        <value>123456</value>
        <description>password to use against metastore database</description>
    </property>

5.2 添加数据库驱动

$tar -zxf  mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz
$cd mysql-connector-java-5.1.27
$cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.27-bin.jar /opt/modules/hive-0.13.1/lib/

5.3 配置用户链接权限

$mysql -uroot -p123456

>use mysql;

>select User,Host,Password from user;

>update user set Host='%' where User = 'root' and Host='localhost';

>delete from user where user='root' and host='127.0.0.1';

>delete from user where user='root' and host='miaodonghua.host';

>delete from user where host='localhost';

>delete from user where host='hadoop-miao.host.com';

>flush privileges;

//查看修改结果
>select User,Host,Password from user;

执行结束后

5.4 Hive数据仓库位置配置

默认是:/user/hive/warehouse,可按照如下条件修改：

    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
        <value>/user/hadoop/warehouse</value>
        <description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>
    </property>
    注意权限：
        $bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse
        $bin/hdfs dfs -chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse

5.5 Hive运行日志信息位置

打开hive-log4j.properties，由模板hive-log4j.properties.template修改
$vi $HIVE_HOME/conf/log4j.properties
//系统/tmp目录
hive.log.dir=$java.io.tmpdir/$user.name
hive.log.file=hive.log
可修改为：
hive.log.dir=/opt/modules/hive-0.13.1/logs
hive.log.file=hive.log

5.6 指定hive运行时显示的log日志的级别

    $HIVE_HOME/conf/log4j.properties
    默认是hive.root.logger=INFO,DRFA
    可修改为hive.root.logger=DEBUG,DRFA
    DEBUG调试时可用

5.7 在cli命令行上显示当前数据库，以及查询表的行头信息

    $HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-site.xml
    //添加如下内容
    <property>
        <name>hive.cli.print.header</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.cli.print.current.db</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>

5.8 在启动hive时设置配置属性信息

$bin/hive --hiveconf <property=value>
eg:
$bin/hive --hiveconf hive.cli.print.current.db=false

注意：此种方式设置的属性值，仅仅在当前回话session生效.

5.9 hive配置优先级的关系如下：

--hiveconf  >  hive-site.xml   >   hive-default.xml

5.10 查看当前所有的配置信息

    > set ;
    > set hive.cli.print.header ;  ## 获取属性值
    > set hive.cli.print.header = false ;  ## 设置属性值

总共四种方式设置属性值：

    set  > --hiveconf  >  hive-site.xml   >   hive-default.xml

6，Hive Shell常用操作

6.1 Hive 类sql语句常用操作

(1).创建表并查询

>show databases ;
>create database db_hive ;  
>use db_hive ;
>create table student(id int, name string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\\t' ; 
>load data inpath '/user/hive/warehouse/student/stu.txt' into table student ;
>select * from student ;
>select id from student ;

上述指令执行成功后，secureCRT结果如下：

可以在浏览器miaodonghua1.host:8088端口查看：

(2).查看表的描述信息

>desc student ;
>desc extended student ;
>desc formatted student ;

执行成功后：

(3).函数的使用

>show functions ;
>desc function upper ;
>desc function extended upper ;
>select name, upper(name) upper_name from student ;

执行结束后：

6.2 在mysql中查看hive元数据信息

hive元数据信息具体如下：

>use metastore;
>select * from TBLS;
>select * from COLUMN_NAME_V2;
>select * from DBS

6.3 Hive Shell常用操作

(1).查看命令帮助

$ bin/hive -help
usage: hive
 -d,--define <key=value>          Variable subsitution to apply to hive
                                  commands. e.g. -d A=B or --define A=B
    --database <databasename>     Specify the database to use
 -e <quoted-query-string>         SQL from command line
 -f <filename>                    SQL from files
 -H,--help                        Print help information
 -h <hostname>                    connecting to Hive Server on remote host
    --hiveconf <property=value>   Use value for given property
    --hivevar <key=value>         Variable subsitution to apply to hive
                                  commands. e.g. --hivevar A=B
 -i <filename>                    Initialization SQL file
 -p <port>                        connecting to Hive Server on port number
 -S,--silent                      Silent mode in interactive shell
 -v,--verbose                     Verbose mode (echo executed SQL to the
                                  console)

(2).登录指定数据库

$bin/hive --database db_hive

(3).直接查询指定数据库的指定表

$bin/hive -e "select * from db_hive.student ;"

(4).执行hive脚本

$bin/hive -f stu.sql
--stu.sql脚本内容 
use db_hive ;
select *from student ;

(5).重定向输出结果

$bin/hive -f stu.sql  > /opt/datas/hivef-res.txt

6.4 Hive常用交互式操作

>quit/exit ;//退出
>set key=value ;//修改特定变量的值
                //注意: 如果变量名拼写错误，不会报错
>set/set -v;//
>! <command>;//从Hive shell执行一个shell命令代表执行本地命令
>dfs <dfs command> ;//从Hive shell执行一个dfs命令
>query string ;//执行一个Hive查询，然后输出结果到标准输出

错误修改

<property>
    <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
    <value>thrift://miaodonghua1.host:9083</value>
</property>

配置这个要是不启动metastore服务,会报如下错误：

Logging initialized using configuration in file:/opt/cdh2.3.6/hive-0.13.1-cdh5.3.6/conf/hive-log4j.properties
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:371)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:689)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:633)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:212)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1426)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:63)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:73)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:2625)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:2644)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:365)
        ... 7 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
        at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1424)
        ... 12 more
Caused by: MetaException(message:Could not connect to meta store using any of the URIs provided. Most recent failure: org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
        at org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket.open(TSocket.java:185)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.open(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:351)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:219)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
        at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1424)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:63)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:73)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:2625)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:2644)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:365)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:689)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:633)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:212)
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
        at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
        at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:339)
        at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200)
        at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:182)
        at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
        at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)
        at org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket.open(TSocket.java:180)
        ... 19 more
)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.open(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:398)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:219)
        ... 17 more

hive配置的三种模式