史上最全cocoaPods安装及问题解决

Posted 2022-12-01 喵渣渣

前言

近期由于入手一台iMac，要重新配置许多东西，众所周知cocoaPods是ios开发的利器，废话不多说，下面开始安装吧。

a.使用RVM对Ruby进行升级

• 先查看现在的Ruby版本号
  输入命令：ruby -v

• 安装RVM
  RVM：Ruby Version Manager， Ruby版本管理器，包括Ruby的版本管理和Gem库管理(gemset)
  a.先输入：
  curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
  b.然后输入:
  source ~/.bashrc*
  source ~/.bash_profile*
  c.测试是否安装正常：
  rvm -v

• 用RVM升级Ruby
  a.查看当前ruby版本：
  ruby - v

  b.列出已知的ruby版本：
  rvm list known

  c.安装所需要的Ruby：
  rvm install 2.4.0 –with-openssl-dir=/usr/local

• 安装完成之后，查看是否安装成功

  输入： ruby -v

b.安装的详细步骤

由于https://ruby.taobao.org不在维护，RubyGems镜像工作将交由Ruby China 负责。所以目前必须将安装请求重定向到Ruby China 镜像。

• 查看当前的Ruby镜像，输入以下命令：

  gem sources -l

  输出结果是：
  * CURRENT SOURCES *

  https://rubygems.org/

• 替换之前的Ruby镜像来访问cocoapods

  先输入：gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/ 移除原来的镜像。

  然后输入：gem sources -a https://gems.ruby-china.org/ 替换成正确的 镜像。

• 验证当前的Ruby镜像，输入以下命令：gem sources -l

  输出结果是：
  * CURRENT SOURCES *

  https://ruby.taobao.org/

  表示之前的命令执行成功

• 完成上面的步骤之后执行安装命令

  输入：sudo gem install cocoapods

• 查看当前的cocoapods的版本号，验证是否安装成功

  输入： pod –version

• 在终端输入 pod search afnnetworking，验证是否有第三方的搜索结果，如果出现搜索结果则安装成功。

c.使用cocoapods安装第三方的步骤

1.打开终端，cd到项目文件夹，输入： pwd
检查是否准确进入指定目录；

2.初始化pod文件： pod init;

3.打开podfilr文件，删除不必要的代码，可以只保留 platform: iOS, 8.0;

4.在终端输入想要添加的第三方库：pod search fmdb ;

5.粘贴pod 第三方库名称’, ‘版本号’，进入podfile文件；

6.在终端输入： pod install 或者pod install --verbose --no-repo-update 后者可以忽略更新。

d.一些常见的问题

• 问题一：While executing gem … (Errno::EPERM) Operation not permitted - /usr/bin/fuzzy_match 错误

解决方法： 执行sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods ,然后再gems installed 即可。

• 问题二：Error installing pods:active support requires Ruby version >= 2.2.2

解决方法： 查看ruby版本 ：ruby -v
终端会给出你的ruby版本
查看目前所有的ruby版本：rvm list known
如果提示command not found ，请先安装rvm：curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
如果已安装会列出所有的ruby版本：

MRI Rubies
[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
[ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head
[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
[ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]
[ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]
[ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]
[ruby-]2.1[.8]
[ruby-]2.2[.4]
[ruby-]2.3[.0]
[ruby-]2.2-head
ruby-head
......

安装2.2.2: rvm install 2.2.2
终端运行结果：（如果直接成功请绕过homebrew的卸载安装）

Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/osx/10.11/x86_64/ruby-2.2.2.tar.bz2
Checking requirements for osx.
About to install Homebrew, press `Enter` for default installation in `/usr/local`,
type new path if you wish custom Homebrew installation (the path needs to be writable for user)
:

回车

It appears Homebrew is already installed. If your intent is to reinstall you
should do the following before running this installer again:
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL  
"The current contents of /usr/local are .git
Requirements installation failed with status: 1.

出现Requiremaents installation failed with status: 1.时才执行：

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"

卸载home-brew

Warning: This script will remove:/Library/Caches/Homebrew//usr/local/.git/
Are you sure you want to uninstall Homebrew? [y/N] y
==> Removing Homebrew installation...
==> Removing empty directories...
==> Homebrew uninstalled!
You may want to restore /usr/local's original permissions
  sudo chmod 0755 /usr/local
  sudo chgrp wheel /usr/local

再执行：

rvm install 2.2.2

提示：

Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/osx/10.11/x86_64/ruby-2.2.2.tar.bz2
Checking requirements for osx.
About to install Homebrew, press `Enter` for default installation in `/usr/local`,
type new path if you wish custom Homebrew installation (the path needs to be writable for user):

按回车：

==> This script will install:
/usr/local/bin/brew
/usr/local/Library/...
/usr/local/share/doc/homebrew
/usr/local/share/man/man1/brew.1/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew
/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/brew

Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir /Library/Caches/Homebrew
Password:

这里需要输入电脑密码：

==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown haha /Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...
remote: Counting objects: 501, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (445/445), done.
remote: Total 501 (delta 29), reused 360 (delta 27), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (501/501), 787.83 KiB | 169.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (29/29), done.
From https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
 * [new branch]      master     -> origin/master
HEAD is now at 32f7e73 download_strategy: ensure fixed commit hash length
==> Tapping homebrew/core
Cloning into '/usr/local/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core'...
remote: Counting objects: 3714, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3598/3598), done.
remote: Total 3714 (delta 14), reused 2112 (delta 6), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (3714/3714), 2.88 MiB | 240.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (14/14), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
Checking out files: 100% (3717/3717), done.
Tapped 3591 formulae (3,740 files, 9.0M)
==> Installation successful!
==> Next steps
Run `brew help` to get started
Further documentation: https://git.io/brew-docs
==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate user behaviour analytics
Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:
https://git.io/brew-analytics
Installing requirements for osx.
Updating system.....
Installing required packages: autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-config, libyaml, readline, libksba, openssl........
Certificates in '/usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem' are already up to date.
Requirements installation successful.
ruby-2.2.2 - #configure
ruby-2.2.2 - #download
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                             Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 6854k  100 6854k    0     0  61342      0  0:01:54  0:01:54 --:--:--  132k
ruby-2.2.2 - #validate archive
ruby-2.2.2 - #extract
ruby-2.2.2 - #validate binary
ruby-2.2.2 - #setup
ruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2@global
ruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemset /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems..............................
ruby-2.2.2 - #generating global wrappers........
ruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2
ruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemsetfile /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list
ruby-2.2.2 - #generating default wrappers........
Updating certificates in '/etc/openssl/cert.pem'.
mkdir: /etc/openssl: Permission denied
mkdir -p "/etc/openssl" failed, retrying with sudo
haha password required for 'mkdir -p /etc/openssl': 
and sudo mkdir worked

至此ruby2.2.2就安装好了，也可以直接安装更高的版本，只需将版本号修改一下
然后我们继续sudo gem install cocoapods

• 问题三、Setting up CocoaPods master repo 卡着不动

分析：出现Setting up CocoaPods master repo，说明Cocoapods正在将它的信息下载到 ~/.cocoapods里；（这一步是很费时间的，等输出Setup completed 安装完成啦）
在此过程中可以右击终端选 —>新建窗口；在新建的终端窗口输入：

cd ~/.cocoapods

进入cocoa pods文件，然后在终端输入：

du -sh *

即可查看下载的文件大小。也就可以知道是网速不好，还是源不可用了。

解决方法：1、第一次我用淘宝的https://ruby.taobao.org/ 替换自带的软件源，du -sh *查看下载的文件大小，一直不变（不知道是网速的原因，还是淘宝这个源不可用）。然后我就换到这个源https://gems.ruby-china.org/ 。重新搞了一遍。它的下载速度还是蛮快的，文件大约是800多兆。（目前淘宝的不可以了，只能用Ruby-China）.

2、也可以使用cocoapods的镜像索引.
所有项目的Podspec文件都托管在https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs ,第一次执行pod setup时,CocoaPods会将这些podspec索引文件更新到本地的~/.cocoapods目录下,这个索引文件比较大,所以第一次更新时非常慢.友好人士在国内的服务器建立了Cocoapods索引库的镜像,所以执行索引跟新操作时候会快很多.具体操作方法如下:

 $ pod repo remove master
   $ git clone https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git ~/.cocoapods/repos/master
   $ pod repo update

这是使用gitcafe上的镜像,将以上代码中的 https://gitcafe.com/akuandev/Specs.git 替换成 https://git.oschina.net/akuandev/Specs.git 即可使用oschina上的镜像。

• 问题四、出现如下
  [!] An error occurred while performing git pull on repo master.
  [!] /usr/bin/git pull –ff-only

原因：Cocoapods的分支不支持当前最新的Xcode版本
解决方法：删除master分支，重新建立新的分支

sudo rm -fr ~/.cocoapods/repo/master

然后在：pod setup

• 问题五：解决升级EI Capiton CocoaPods “pod: command not found”
  升级OS X EI Capiton之后，发现CocoaPods的pod无效了，运行pod后显示：”pod: command not found”的错误。

解决方法：1.为了安全起见，执行命令”sudo gem uninstall cocoapods”，卸载原有的CocoaPod
2.执行命令”sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods”来重新安装cocoapod
3.如果没有权限执行pod，执行命令”sudo chmod +rx /usr/local/bin/”，赋予/usr/local/bin给予执行与读取权限

参考资料:
http://www.jianshu.com/p/6ff1903c3f11
http://www.jianshu.com/p/6ff1903c3f11
http://blog.devtang.com/2014/05/25/use-cocoapod-to-manage-ios-lib-dependency/