#我的机器版本
cat /etc/redhat-release 
# CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
#修改域名，一定不是localhost
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-xxx


#集群规划
k8s-master1  k8s-master2  k8s-master3 k8s-master-lb k8s-node01  k8s-node02 ... k8s-nodeN

# 每个机器准备域名
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.0.10 k8s-master1
192.168.0.11 k8s-master2
192.168.0.12 k8s-master3
192.168.0.13 k8s-node1
192.168.0.14 k8s-node2
192.168.0.15 k8s-node3
192.168.0.250 k8s-master-lb # 非高可用，可以不用这个。这个使用keepalive配置

# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭swap
swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

#修改limit
ulimit -SHn 65535
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
# 末尾添加如下内容
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited

#为了方便以后操作配置ssh免密连接，master1运行
ssh-keygen -t rsa

for i in k8s-master1 k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-node1 k8s-node2 k8s-node3;do ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub $i;done

#安装后续用的一些工具
yum install wget git jq psmisc net-tools yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2  -y

# 所有节点
# 安装ipvs工具,方便以后操作ipvs，ipset，conntrack等
yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y
# 所有节点配置ipvs模块,执行以下命令，在内核4.19+版本改为nf_conntrack， 4.18下改为nf_conntrack_ipv4
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack

#修改ipvs配置，加入以下内容
vi /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf

ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip

# 执行命令
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service  #--now = enable+start

#检测是否加载
lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

## 所有节点
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet = 1

vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16768
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16768
EOF
sysctl --system

# 所有节点配置完内核后，重启服务器，保证重启后内核依旧加载
reboot
lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

2、安装Docker

# 安装docker
yum remove docker*
yum install -y yum-utils
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.9  docker-ce-cli-19.03.9 containerd.io-1.4.4

# 修改docker配置,新版kubelet建议使用systemd，所以可以把docker的CgroupDriver改成systemd
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF

  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://82m9ayutr63.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]

EOF
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now docker

#也可以自己下载rpm离线包进行安装
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7.9/x86_64/stable/Packages/
yum localinstall xxxx

二、PKI

百度百科：公钥基础设施_百度百科

Kubernetes 需要 PKI 才能执行以下操作：

Kubelet 的客户端证书，用于 API 服务器身份验证
API 服务器端点的证书
集群管理员的客户端证书，用于 API 服务器身份认证
API 服务器的客户端证书，用于和 Kubelet 的会话
API 服务器的客户端证书，用于和 etcd 的会话
控制器管理器的客户端证书/kubeconfig，用于和 API 服务器的会话
调度器的客户端证书/kubeconfig，用于和 API 服务器的会话
前端代理的客户端及服务端证书

说明： 只有当你运行 kube-proxy 并要支持扩展 API 服务器时，才需要 front-proxy 证书

etcd 还实现了双向 TLS 来对客户端和对其他对等节点进行身份验证

PKI 证书和要求 | Kubernetes

三、证书工具准备

# 准备文件夹存放所有证书信息。看看kubeadm 如何组织有序的结构的
# 三个节点都执行
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki

1、下载证书工具

# 下载cfssl核心组件
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssl-certinfo_1.5.0_linux_amd64
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssl_1.5.0_linux_amd64
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssljson_1.5.0_linux_amd64

#授予执行权限
chmod +x cfssl*

#批量重命名
for name in `ls cfssl*`; do mv $name $name%_1.5.0_linux_amd64;  done

#移动到文件
mv cfssl* /usr/bin

2、ca根配置

ca-config.json

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki
cd /etc/kubernetes/pki
vi ca-config.json


    "signing": 
        "default": 
            "expiry": "87600h"
        ,
        "profiles": 
            "server": 
                "expiry": "87600h",
                "usages": [
                    "signing",
                    "key encipherment",
                    "server auth"
                ]
            ,
            "client": 
                "expiry": "87600h",
                "usages": [
                    "signing",
                    "key encipherment",
                    "client auth"
                ]
            ,
            "peer": 
                "expiry": "87600h",
                "usages": [
                    "signing",
                    "key encipherment",
                    "server auth",
                    "client auth"
                ]
            ,
            "kubernetes": 
                "expiry": "87600h",
                "usages": [
                    "signing",
                    "key encipherment",
                    "server auth",
                    "client auth"
                ]
            ,
            "etcd": 
                "expiry": "87600h",
                "usages": [
                    "signing",
                    "key encipherment",
                    "server auth",
                    "client auth"
                ]

3、ca签名请求

CSR是Certificate Signing Request的英文缩写，即证书签名请求文件

ca-csr.json

vi /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-csr.json


  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": 
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  ,
  "names": [
    
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "Kubernetes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes"
    
  ],
  "ca": 
    "expiry": "87600h"

CN(Common Name):
- 公用名（Common Name）必须填写，一般可以是网站域
O(Organization):
- Organization（组织名）是必须填写的，如果申请的是OV、EV型证书，组织名称必须严格和企业在政府登记名称一致，一般需要和营业执照上的名称完全一致。不可以使用缩写或者商标。如果需要使用英文名称，需要有DUNS编码或者律师信证明。
OU(Organization Unit)
- OU单位部门，这里一般没有太多限制，可以直接填写IT DEPT等皆可。
C(City)
- City是指申请单位所在的城市。
ST(State/Province)
- ST是指申请单位所在的省份。
C(Country Name）
- C是指国家名称，这里用的是两位大写的国家代码，中国是CN。

4、生成证书

生成ca证书和私钥

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
# ca.csr ca.pem(ca公钥) ca-key.pem(ca私钥,妥善保管)

5、k8s集群是如何使用证书的

参考官方文档：PKI 证书和要求 | Kubernetes

四、etcd高可用搭建

1、etcd文档

etcd示例：Demo | etcd 参照示例学习etcd使用

etcd构建：Install | etcd 参照etcd-k8s集群量规划指南，大家参照这个标准建立集群

etcd部署：Operations guide | etcd 参照部署手册，学习etcd配置和集群部署

2、下载etcd

# 给所有master节点，发送etcd包准备部署etcd高可用
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.16/etcd-v3.4.16-linux-amd64.tar.gz

## 复制到其他节点
for i in k8s-master1 k8s-master2 k8s-master3;do scp etcd-* root@$i:/root/;done


## 解压到 /usr/local/bin
tar -zxvf etcd-v3.4.16-linux-amd64.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin etcd-v3.4.16-linux-amd64/etcd,ctl


##验证
etcdctl #只要有打印就ok

3、etcd证书

Hardware recommendations | etcd安装参考：Hardware recommendations | etcd

生成etcd证书

etcd-ca-csr.json


  "CN": "etcd",
  "key": 
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  ,
  "names": [
    
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "etcd",
      "OU": "etcd"
    
  ],
  "ca": 
    "expiry": "87600h"

# 生成etcd根ca证书
cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca -

etcd-itdachang-csr.json


    "CN": "etcd-itdachang",
    "key": 
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    ,
    "hosts": [  
        "127.0.0.1",
        "k8s-master1",
        "k8s-master2",
        "k8s-master3",
        "192.168.0.10",
        "192.168.0.11",
        "192.168.0.12"
    ],
    "names": [
        
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "beijing",
            "O": "etcd",
            "ST": "beijing",
            "OU": "System"
        
    ]


// 注意：hosts用自己的主机名和ip
// 也可以在签发的时候再加上 -hostname=127.0.0.1,k8s-master1,k8s-master2,k8s-master3,
// 可以指定受信的主机列表
//    "hosts": [
//        "k8s-master1",
//        "www.example.net"
//    ],

# 签发itdachang的etcd证书
cfssl gencert \\
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.pem \\
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca-key.pem \\
   -config=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-config.json \\
   -profile=etcd \\
   etcd-itdachang-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd

# 把生成的etcd证书，复制给其他机器

for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3;do scp -r /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd root@$i:/etc/kubernetes/pki;done

4、etcd高可用安装

etcd配置文件示例： Configuration flags | etcd

etcd高可用安装示例： Clustering Guide | etcd

为了保证启动配置一致性，我们编写etcd配置文件，并将etcd做成service启动

# etcd yaml示例。
# This is the configuration file for the etcd server.

# Human-readable name for this member.
name: 'default'
# Path to the data directory.
data-dir:
# Path to the dedicated wal directory.
wal-dir:
# Number of committed transactions to trigger a snapshot to disk.
snapshot-count: 10000
# Time (in milliseconds) of a heartbeat interval.
heartbeat-interval: 100
# Time (in milliseconds) for an election to timeout.
election-timeout: 1000
# Raise alarms when backend size exceeds the given quota. 0 means use the
# default quota.
quota-backend-bytes: 0
# List of comma separated URLs to listen on for peer traffic.
listen-peer-urls: http://localhost:2380
# List of comma separated URLs to listen on for client traffic.
listen-client-urls: http://localhost:2379
# Maximum number of snapshot files to retain (0 is unlimited).
max-snapshots: 5
# Maximum number of wal files to retain (0 is unlimited).
max-wals: 5
# Comma-separated white list of origins for CORS (cross-origin resource sharing).
cors:
# List of this member's peer URLs to advertise to the rest of the cluster.
# The URLs needed to be a comma-separated list.
initial-advertise-peer-urls: http://localhost:2380
# List of this member's client URLs to advertise to the public.
# The URLs needed to be a comma-separated list.
advertise-client-urls: http://localhost:2379
# Discovery URL used to bootstrap the cluster.
discovery:
# Valid values include 'exit', 'proxy'
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
# HTTP proxy to use for traffic to discovery service.
discovery-proxy:
# DNS domain used to bootstrap initial cluster.
discovery-srv:
# Initial cluster configuration for bootstrapping.
initial-cluster:
# Initial cluster token for the etcd cluster during bootstrap.
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-cluster'
# Initial cluster state ('new' or 'existing').
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
# Reject reconfiguration requests that would cause quorum loss.
strict-reconfig-check: false
# Accept etcd V2 client requests
enable-v2: true
# Enable runtime profiling data via HTTP server
enable-pprof: true
# Valid values include 'on', 'readonly', 'off'
proxy: 'off'
# Time (in milliseconds) an endpoint will be held in a failed state.
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
# Time (in milliseconds) of the endpoints refresh interval.
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
# Time (in milliseconds) for a dial to timeout.
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
# Time (in milliseconds) for a write to timeout.
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
# Time (in milliseconds) for a read to timeout.
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  # Path to the client server TLS cert file.
  cert-file:
  # Path to the client server TLS key file.
  key-file:
  # Enable client cert authentication.
  client-cert-auth: false
  # Path to the client server TLS trusted CA cert file.
  trusted-ca-file:
  # Client TLS using generated certificates
  auto-tls: false
peer-transport-security:
  # Path to the peer server TLS cert file.
  cert-file:
  # Path to the peer server TLS key file.
  key-file:
  # Enable peer client cert authentication.
  client-cert-auth: false
  # Path to the peer server TLS trusted CA cert file.
  trusted-ca-file:
  # Peer TLS using generated certificates.
  auto-tls: false
# Enable debug-level logging for etcd.
debug: false
logger: zap
# Specify 'stdout' or 'stderr' to skip journald logging even when running under systemd.
log-outputs: [stderr]
# Force to create a new one member cluster.
force-new-cluster: false
auto-compaction-mode: periodic
auto-compaction-retention: "1"

三个etcd机器都创建 /etc/etcd 目录，准备存储etcd配置信息

#三个master执行
mkdir -p /etc/etcd

vi /etc/etcd/etcd.yaml

# 我们的yaml
name: 'etcd-master3'  #每个机器可以写自己的域名,不能重复
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.12:2380'  # 本机ip+2380端口，代表和集群通信
listen-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.12:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379' #改为自己的
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.12:2380' #自己的ip
advertise-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.12:2379'  #自己的ip
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'etcd-master1=https://192.168.0.10:2380,etcd-master2=https://192.168.0.11:2380,etcd-master3=https://192.168.0.12:2380' #这里不一样
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false

三台机器的etcd做成service，开机启动

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service

[Unit]
Description=Etcd Service
Documentation=https://etcd.io/docs/v3.4/op-guide/clustering/
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd --config-file=/etc/etcd/etcd.yaml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=etcd3.service

# 加载&开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now etcd

# 启动有问题,使用 journalctl -u 服务名排查
journalctl -u etcd

测试etcd访问

# 查看etcd集群状态
etcdctl --endpoints="192.168.0.10:2379,192.168.0.11:2379,192.168.0.12:2379" --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem  endpoint status --write-out=table

# 以后测试命令
export ETCDCTL_API=3
HOST_1=192.168.0.10
HOST_2=192.168.0.11
HOST_3=192.168.0.12
ENDPOINTS=$HOST_1:2379,$HOST_2:2379,$HOST_3:2379

## 导出环境变量，方便测试，参照https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/main/etcdctl
export ETCDCTL_DIAL_TIMEOUT=3s
export ETCDCTL_CACERT=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.pem
export ETCDCTL_CERT=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem
export ETCDCTL_KEY=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem
export ETCDCTL_ENDPOINTS=$HOST_1:2379,$HOST_2:2379,$HOST_3:2379
# 自动用环境变量定义的证书位置
etcdctl  member list --write-out=table

#如果没有环境变量就需要如下方式调用
etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem member list --write-out=table


## 更多etcdctl命令，https://etcd.io/docs/v3.4/demo/#access-etcd

五、k8s组件与证书

1、K8s离线安装包

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes 找到changelog对应版本

# 下载k8s包
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.21.1/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2、master节点准备

# 把kubernetes把复制给master所有节点
for i in k8s-master1 k8s-master2 k8s-master3  k8s-node1 k8s-node2 k8s-node3;do scp kubernetes-server-* root@$i:/root/;done

#所有master节点解压kubelet，kubectl等到 /usr/local/bin。
tar -xvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz  --strip-components=3 -C /usr/local/bin kubernetes/server/bin/kubelet,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy


#master需要全部组件，node节点只需要 /usr/local/bin kubelet、kube-proxy

3、apiserver 证书生成

3.1、apiserver-csr.json

//10.96.0. 为service网段。可以自定义 如： 66.66.0.1
// 192.168.0.250： 是我准备的负载均衡器地址（负载均衡可以自己搭建，也可以购买云厂商lb。）

    "CN": "kube-apiserver",
    "hosts": [
      "10.96.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.0.250",
      "192.168.0.10",
      "192.168.0.11",
      "192.168.0.12",
      "192.168.0.13",
      "192.168.0.14",
      "192.168.0.15",
      "192.168.0.16",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": 
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    ,
    "names": [
        
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "Kubernetes",
            "OU": "Kubernetes"
        
    ]

3.2、生成apiserver证书

# 192.168.0.是k8s service的网段，如果说需要更改k8s service网段，那就需要更改192.168.0.1，
# 如果不是高可用集群，10.103.236.236为Master01的IP
#先生成CA机构
vi ca-csr.json

  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": 
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  ,
  "names": [
    
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "Kubernetes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes"
    
  ],
  "ca": 
    "expiry": "87600h"
  



cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

cfssl gencert   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem   -config=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-config.json   -profile=kubernetes   apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver

4、front-proxy证书生成

官方文档：配置聚合层 | Kubernetes

注意：front-proxy不建议用新的CA机构签发证书，可能导致通过他代理的组件如metrics-server权限不可用。

如果用新的，api-server配置添加 --requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client

4.1、front-proxy-ca-csr.json

front-proxy根ca

vi front-proxy-ca-csr.json

  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": 
     "algo": "rsa",
     "size": 2048

#front-proxy 根ca生成
cfssl gencert   -initca front-proxy-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca

4.2、front-proxy-client证书

vi  front-proxy-client-csr.json  #准备申请client客户端


  "CN": "front-proxy-client",
  "key": 
     "algo": "rsa",
     "size": 2048

#生成front-proxy-client 证书
cfssl gencert   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -profile=kubernetes   front-proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client

#忽略警告，毕竟我们不是给网站生成的

5、controller-manage证书生成与配置

5.1、controller-manager-csr.json

vi controller-manager-csr.json


  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "key": 
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  ,
  "names": [
    
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
      "OU": "Kubernetes"
    
  ]

5.2、生成证书

cfssl gencert \\
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \\
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \\
   -config=ca-config.json \\
   -profile=kubernetes \\
  controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager

5.3、生成配置

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.250:6443改为master01的地址，6443为apiserver的默认端口
# set-cluster：设置一个集群项，
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \\
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \\
     --embed-certs=true \\
     --server=https://192.168.0.250:6443 \\
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf

# 设置一个环境项，一个上下文
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \\
    --cluster=kubernetes \\
    --user=system:kube-controller-manager \\
    --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf

# set-credentials 设置一个用户项

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \\
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager.pem \\
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager-key.pem \\
     --embed-certs=true \\
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf


# 使用某个环境当做默认环境

kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \\
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf
     
     
# 后来也用来自动批复kubelet证书

6、scheduler证书生成与配置

6.1、scheduler-csr.json

vi scheduler-csr.json


  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "key": 
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  ,
  "names": [
    
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
      "OU": "Kubernetes"
    
  ]

6.2、签发证书

cfssl gencert \\
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \\
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \\
   -config=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-config.json \\
   -profile=kubernetes \\
   scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler

6.3、生成配置

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.250:6443 改为master01的地址，6443是api-server默认端口

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \\
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \\
     --embed-certs=true \\
     --server=https://192.168.0.250:6443 \\
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf


kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \\
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler.pem \\
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler-key.pem \\
     --embed-certs=true \\
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf

kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \\
     --cluster=kubernetes \\
     --user=system:kube-scheduler \\
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf


kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \\
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf

#k8s集群安全操作相关

7、admin证书生成与配置

7.1、admin-csr.json

vi admin-csr.json


  "CN": "admin",
  "key": 
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  ,
  "names": [
    
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "Kubernetes"
    
  ]

7.2、生成证书

cfssl gencert \\
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \\
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \\
   -config=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-config.json \\
   -profile=kubernetes \\
   admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/admin

7.3、生成配置

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.250:6443改为master01的地址，6443为apiserver的默认端口
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \\
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \\
--embed-certs=true \\
--server=https://192.168.0.250:6443 \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf


kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-admin \\
--client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin.pem \\
--client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin-key.pem \\
--embed-certs=true \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf


kubectl config set-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes \\
--cluster=kubernetes \\
--user=kubernetes-admin \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

kubelet将使用 bootstrap 引导机制，自动颁发证书，所以我们不用配置了。要不然，1万台机器，一个万kubelet，证书配置到明年去。。。

8、ServiceAccount Key生成

k8s底层，每创建一个ServiceAccount，都会分配一个Secret，而Secret里面有秘钥，秘钥就是由我们接下来的sa生成的。所以我们提前创建出sa信息

openssl genrsa -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key 2048

openssl rsa -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key -pubout -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub

9、发送证书到其他节点

# 在master1上执行
for NODE in k8s-master2 k8s-master3
do
	for FILE in admin.conf controller-manager.conf scheduler.conf
	do
	scp /etc/kubernetes/$FILE $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/$FILE
	done
done

六、高可用配置

高可用配置
- 如果你不是在创建高可用集群，则无需配置haproxy和keepalived
- 高可用有很多可选方案
  - nginx
  - haproxy
  - keepalived
  - 云供应商提供的负载均衡产品
云上安装注意事项
- 云上安装可以直接使用云上的lb，比如阿里云slb，腾讯云elb等
- 公有云要用公有云自带的负载均衡，比如阿里云的SLB，腾讯云的ELB，用来替代haproxy和keepalived，因为公有云大部分都是不支持keepalived的。
- 阿里云的话，kubectl控制端不能放在master节点，推荐使用腾讯云，因为阿里云的slb有回环的问题，也就是slb代理的服务器不能反向访问SLB，但是腾讯云修复了这个问题。
青云使用
- 创建负载均衡器，指定ip地址为我们之前的预留地址
- 进入负载均衡器，创建监听器
- 选择TCP，6443端口
- 添加后端服务器地址与端口

七、组件启动

1、所有master执行

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/manifests/ /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes


#三个master节点kube-xx相关的程序都在 /usr/local/bin
for NODE in k8s-master2 k8s-master3
do
	scp -r /etc/kubernetes/* root@$NODE:/etc/kubernetes/
done

接下来把master1生成的所有证书全部发给master2,master3

2、配置apiserver服务

2.1、配置

所有Master节点创建kube-apiserver.service

注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.250改为master01的地址

以下文档使用的k8s service网段为10.96.0.0/16，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、Pod网段的重复

特别注意：docker的网桥默认为 172.17.0.1/16。不要使用这个网段

# 每个master节点都需要执行以下内容
# --advertise-address： 需要改为本master节点的ip
# --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16： 需要改为自己规划的service网段
# --etcd-servers： 改为自己etcd-server的所有地址

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \\
      --v=2  \\
      --logtostderr=true  \\
      --allow-privileged=true  \\
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \\
      --secure-port=6443  \\
      --insecure-port=0  \\
      --advertise-address=192.168.0.10 \\
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16  \\
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \\
      --etcd-servers=https://192.168.0.10:2379,https://192.168.0.11:2379,https://192.168.0.12:2379 \\
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.pem  \\
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem  \\
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem  \\
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \\
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \\
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \\
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \\
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \\
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \\
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \\
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \\
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \\
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \\
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \\
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \\
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \\
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \\
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \\
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator,front-proxy-client  \\
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \\
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \\
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

2.2、启动apiserver服务

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver


#查看状态
systemctl status kube-apiserver

3、配置controller-manager服务

3.1、配置

所有Master节点配置kube-controller-manager.service

文档使用的k8s Pod网段为196.16.0.0/16，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、k8s Service网段的重复，请按需修改;

特别注意：docker的网桥默认为 172.17.0.1/16。不要使用这个网

# 所有节点执行
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service

## --cluster-cidr=196.16.0.0/16 ： 为Pod的网段。修改成自己想规划的网段

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
      --v=2 \\
      --logtostderr=true \\
      --address=127.0.0.1 \\
      --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \\
      --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \\
      --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \\
      --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key \\
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf \\
      --leader-elect=true \\
      --use-service-account-credentials=true \\
      --node-monitor-grace-period=40s \\
      --node-monitor-period=5s \\
      --pod-eviction-timeout=2m0s \\
      --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \\
      --allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
      --cluster-cidr=196.16.0.0/16 \\
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem \\
      --node-cidr-mask-size=24
      
Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

3.2、启动

# 所有master节点执行
systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager

systemctl status kube-controller-manager

4、配置scheduler

4.1、配置

所有Master节点配置kube-scheduler.service

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 



[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \\
      --v=2 \\
      --logtostderr=true \\
      --address=127.0.0.1 \\
      --leader-elect=true \\
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf

Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

4.2、启动

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler

systemctl status kube-scheduler

八、TLS与引导启动原理

1、master1配置bootstrap

注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.250:6443改为master1的地址，6443为apiserver的默认端口

#准备一个随机token。但是我们只需要16个字符
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
# 值如下： 737b177d9823531a433e368fcdb16f5f

# 生成16个字符的
head -c 8 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
# d683399b7a553977

#设置集群
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \\
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \\
--embed-certs=true \\
--server=https://192.168.0.250:6443 \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf

#设置秘钥
kubectl config set-credentials tls-bootstrap-token-user \\
--token=l6fy8c.d683399b7a553977 \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf 

#设置上下文
kubectl config set-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes \\
--cluster=kubernetes \\
--user=tls-bootstrap-token-user \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf

#使用设置
kubectl config use-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf

2、master1设置kubectl执行权限

kubectl 能不能操作集群是看 /root/.kube 下有没有config文件，而config就是我们之前生成的admin.conf，具有操作权限的

# 只在master1生成，因为生产集群，我们只能让一台机器具有操作集群的权限，这样好控制

mkdir -p /root/.kube ;
cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config

#验证
kubectl get nodes

# 应该在网络里面开放负载均衡器的6443端口;默认应该不要配置的
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get nodes
No resources found
#说明已经可以连接apiserver并获取资源

3、创建集群引导权限文件

# master准备这个文件 
vi  /etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.secret.yaml



apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: bootstrap-token-l6fy8c
  namespace: kube-system
type: bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token
stringData:
  description: "The default bootstrap token generated by 'kubelet '."
  token-id: l6fy8c
  token-secret: d683399b7a553977
  usage-bootstrap-authentication: "true"
  usage-bootstrap-signing: "true"
  auth-extra-groups:  system:bootstrappers:default-node-token,system:bootstrappers:worker,system:bootstrappers:ingress
 
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubelet-bootstrap
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:node-bootstrapper
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Group
  name: system:bootstrappers:default-node-token
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: node-autoapprove-bootstrap
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Group
  name: system:bootstrappers:default-node-token
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Group
  name: system:nodes
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kube-apiserver

# 应用此文件资源内容
kubectl create -f /etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.secret.yaml

九、引导Node节点启动

所有节点的kubelet需要我们引导启动

1、发送核心证书到节点

master1节点把核心证书发送到其他节点

cd /etc/kubernetes/  #查看所有信息

#执行复制所有令牌操作

for NODE in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-node1 k8s-node2; do
     ssh $NODE mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
     for FILE in ca.pem etcd.pem etcd-key.pem; do
       scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/$FILE $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/
     done
     for FILE in pki/ca.pem pki/ca-key.pem pki/front-proxy-ca.pem bootstrap-kubelet.conf; do
       scp /etc/kubernetes/$FILE $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/$FILE
 done
 done

2、所有节点配置kubelet

# 所有节点创建相关目录
mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /etc/kubernetes/manifests/

## 所有node节点必须有 kubelet kube-proxy
for NODE in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-node3 k8s-node1 k8s-node2; do
     scp -r /etc/kubernetes/* root@$NODE:/etc/kubernetes/
 done

2.1、创建kubelet.service

#所有节点，配置kubelet服务

vi  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet

Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 所有节点配置kubelet service配置文件
vi /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf

[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/pause:3.4.1"
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node='' "
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS

2.2、创建kubelet-conf.yml文件

#所有节点，配置kubelet-conf文件
vi /etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.y以上是关于云原生 | Kubernetes篇自建高可用k8s集群搭建的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章 
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