python 连接各类主流数据库简单示例
Posted sanxiaochengyu
tags:
篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了python 连接各类主流数据库简单示例相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
本篇博文主要介绍Python连接各种数据库的方法及简单使用
包括关系数据库：sqlite,mysql,mssql
非关系数据库：MongoDB,Redis
代码写的比较清楚，直接上代码
1.连接sqlite
# coding=utf-8
# http://www.runoob.com/sqlite/sqlite-python.html
import sqlite3
import traceback
try:
# 如果表不存在,就创建
with sqlite3.connect('test.db') as conn:
print("Opened database successfully")
# 删除表
conn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY")
# 创建表
sql = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
(ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);
"""
conn.execute(sql)
print("create table successfully")
# 添加数据
conn.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ? )",
[('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\\
# VALUES ( 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 )")
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\\
# VALUES ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 )")
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\\
# VALUES ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 )")
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\\
# VALUES ( 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 )")
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\\
# VALUES ( 'David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00 )");
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\\
# VALUES ( 'Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00 )")
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\\
# VALUES ( 'James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00 )")
# 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
conn.commit()
print("insert successfully")
# 查询表
sql = """
select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
"""
result = conn.execute(sql)
for row in result:
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
print("%-10s %.2f" % ("salary", row[4]))
# or
# print(':10s :.2f'.format("salary", row[4]))
except sqlite3.Error as e:
print("sqlite3 Error:", e)
traceback.print_exc()
2.连接mysql
2.1使用mysqldb库中的_mysql
#! /usr/bin/env python2.7
# coding=utf-8
# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30
# mysqldb 只支持python2.7
# http://mysql-python.sourceforge.net/
import MySQLdb
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
# 获取一个数据库连接
with closing(MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306,charset='utf8')) as conn:
print("connect database successfully")
with closing(conn.cursor()) as cur:
# 删除表
cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY")
# 创建表
sql = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
(ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL auto_increment,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);
"""
cur.execute(sql)
print("create table successfully")
# 添加数据
# 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
[('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
# 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
conn.commit()
print("insert successfully")
# 查询表
sql = """
select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
"""
cur.execute(sql)
for row in cur.fetchall():
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except MySQLdb.Error as e:
print("Mysql Error:", e)
traceback.print_exc() # 打印错误栈信息
2.2 使用MySQLdb
#! /usr/bin/env python2.7
# coding=utf-8
# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30
# mysqldb 只支持python2.7
# http://mysql-python.sourceforge.net/
import MySQLdb
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
# 获取一个数据库连接
with closing(MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306,charset='utf8')) as conn:
print("connect database successfully")
with closing(conn.cursor()) as cur:
# 删除表
cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY")
# 创建表
sql = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
(ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL auto_increment,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);
"""
cur.execute(sql)
print("create table successfully")
# 添加数据
# 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
[('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
# 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
conn.commit()
print("insert successfully")
# 查询表
sql = """
select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
"""
cur.execute(sql)
for row in cur.fetchall():
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except MySQLdb.Error as e:
print("Mysql Error:", e)
traceback.print_exc() # 打印错误栈信息
2.3使用pymysql
2.1和2.2节使用MySQLdb，不支持Python3.x
pymysql对Python2.x和Python3.x的支持都比较好
# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30
# coding=utf-8
# https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL/
import pymysql
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
# 获取一个数据库连接,with关键字 表示退出时,conn自动关闭
# with 嵌套上一层的with 要使用closing()
with closing(pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306,
charset='utf8')) as conn:
print("connect database successfully")
# 获取游标,with关键字 表示退出时,cur自动关闭
with conn.cursor() as cur:
# 删除表
cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY")
# 创建表
sql = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
(ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL auto_increment,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);
"""
cur.execute(sql)
print("create table successfully")
# 添加数据
# 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
[('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
# 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
conn.commit()
print("insert successfully")
# 查询表
sql = """
select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
"""
cur.execute(sql)
for row in cur.fetchall():
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except pymysql.Error as e:
print("Mysql Error:", e)
traceback.print_exc()
3.连接mssql
# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30
# http://www.pymssql.org/en/latest/
import pymssql
from contextlib import closing
try:
# 先要保证数据库中有test数据库
# 获取一个数据库连接,with关键字 表示退出时,conn自动关闭
# with 嵌套上一层的with 要使用closing()
with closing(pymssql.connect(host='192.168.100.114', user='sa', password='sa12345', database='test', port=1433,
charset='utf8')) as conn:
print("connect database successfully")
# 获取游标,with关键字 表示退出时,cur自动关闭
with conn.cursor() as cur:
# 删除表
cur.execute(
'''if exists (select 1 from sys.objects where name='COMPANY' and type='U') drop table COMPANY''')
# 创建表
sql = """
CREATE TABLE COMPANY
(ID INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL ,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);
"""
cur.execute(sql)
print("create table successfully")
# 添加数据
# 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
[('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond', 65000.00),
('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
# 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
conn.commit()
print("insert successfully")
# 查询表
sql = """
select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
"""
cur.execute(sql)
for row in cur.fetchall():
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except pymssql.Error as e:
print("mssql Error:", e)
# traceback.print_exc()
4.连接MongoDB
# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30
# https://docs.mongodb.com/ecosystem/drivers/python/
# https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pymongo/
import pymongo
from pymongo.mongo_client import MongoClient
import pymongo.errors
import traceback
try:
# 连接到 mongodb 服务
mongoClient = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
# 连接到数据库
mongoDatabase = mongoClient.test
print("connect database successfully")
# 获取集合
mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.COMPANY
# 移除所有数据
mongoCollection.remove()
# 添加数据
mongoCollection.insert_many(["Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00",
"Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00",
"Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00",
"Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00",
"Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00",
"Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00",
"Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00", ])
#获取集合中的值
for row in mongoCollection.find():
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row['_id'])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary']))
print('\\n\\n\\n')
# 使id自增
mongoCollection.remove()
# 创建计数表
mongoDatabase.counters.save("_id": "people_id", "sequence_value": 0)
# 创建存储过程
mongoDatabase.system_js.getSequenceValue = '''function getSequenceValue(sequenceName)
var sequenceDocument = db.counters.findAndModify(
query: _id: sequenceName,
update: $inc:sequence_value: 1,
new:true
);
return sequenceDocument.sequence_value;
'''
mongoCollection.insert_many(
["_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32",
"Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00",
"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25",
"Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00",
"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23",
"Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00",
"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25",
"Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00",
"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "David", "Age": "27",
"Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00",
"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22",
"Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00",
"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "James", "Age": "24",
"Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00", ])
for row in mongoCollection.find():
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", int(row['_id']))) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary']))
except pymongo.errors.PyMongoError as e:
print("mongo Error:", e)
traceback.print_exc()
5.连接Redis
5.1使用redis
# coding=utf-8
# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/31
# https://pypi.python.org/pypi/redis/2.10.5
# http://redis-py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#
import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0, password="12345")
print("connect", r.ping())
# 看信息
info = r.info()
# or 查看部分信息
# info = r.info("Server")
# 输出信息
items = info.items()
for i, (key, value) in enumerate(items):
print("item %s----%s:%s" % (i, key, value))
# 删除键和对应的值
r.delete("company")
# 可以一次性push一条或多条数据
r.rpush("company", "id": 1, "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00",
"id": 2, "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00",
"id": 3, "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00")
r.rpush("company", "id": 4, "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00")
r.rpush("company", "id": 5, "Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00")
r.rpush("company", "id": 6, "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00")
r.rpush("company", "id": 7, "Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00")
# eval用来将dict格式的字符串转换成dict
for row in map(lambda x: eval(x), r.lrange("company", 0, r.llen("company"))):
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row['id'])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary']))
# 关闭当前连接
# r.shutdown() #这个是关闭redis服务端
5.2使用pyredis
# Created by xiaosanyu at 16/5/30
# http://pyredis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
import pyredis
r = pyredis.Client(host='localhost', port=6379, database=0, password="12345")
print("connect", r.ping().decode("utf-8"))
# 看信息
# info = r.execute("info").decode()
# or 查看部分信息
info = r.execute("info", "Server").decode()
# 输出信息
print(info)
# 删除键和对应的值
r.delete("company")
# 可以一次性push一条或多条数据
r.rpush("company", '''"id": 1, "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"''',
'''"id": 2, "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"''',
'''"id": 3, "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"''')
r.rpush("company", '''"id": 4, "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"''')
r.rpush("company", '''"id": 5, "Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"''')
r.rpush("company", '''"id": 6, "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"''')
r.rpush("company", '''"id": 7, "Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"''')
# eval用来将dict格式的字符串转换成dict
for row in map(lambda x: eval(x), r.lrange("company", 0, r.llen("company"))):
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row['id'])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address']))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary']))
# 关闭当前连接
r.close()
欢迎交流沟通~
以上是关于python 连接各类主流数据库简单示例的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
仿Django框架-基于wsgiref模块和jinja2模块写一个简单的框架 主流框架简介 动静态网页 Python虚拟环境