三十动名词短语 2
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[ 动名词短语做宾语 ]
特定的及物动词才能跟动名词短语做宾语,注意时态问题
suggest 建议 | finish 完成 | avoid 避免 |
stop 停止 | can't help 忍不住 | mind 介意 |
enjoy 享受,喜欢 | admit 承认 | require 需求 / 需要 |
postpone 推迟 | delay 推迟 | consider 考虑 |
deny 否认 | advise 建议 | excuse 原谅 |
practise 练习 | escape 避免 | miss 避免 / 错付 |
pardon 原谅 | imagine 想象 | risk 冒...风险 |
put off 推迟 | leave off 停止 | appreciate 感激 |
keep 保持,继续 | despise 鄙视 | like 喜欢 |
quit = stop 停止 |
主语 + 特定及物动词 + 宾语(动名词短语)
can't help 过去式 couldn't help
[例1]:I enjoy listening to music. 我喜欢听音乐
[例2]:Did you finish reading the book? 你读完这本书了吗?
[例3]:I couldn't help laughing. 我忍不住笑了 couldn't help 忍不住
[例4]:I practise running every morning. 我每天早上练习跑步
[ 动名词短语做介词的宾语 ]
动名词 或 动名词短语 可以放在 介词 后面做 介词宾语,介词宾语分三种
① 英语中有一些介词可以跟一个 动名词 或 动名词短语 构成一个介词短语
常用的 能跟动名词 构成介词短语的介词
about after before without by of instead of for
[ about ] 关于
about 跟 动名词短语 构成的介词短语,主要做 表语 和 后置定语
about learning English 关于学英语
about having a party 关于举行一个聚会
这种介词短语,不能直接用来修饰表示人的名词
lesson,book,news,plan,film,novel,story,meeting,letter
[例1]:The lesson is about learning English. 这节课是关于学英语的 (做表语)
[例2]:The plan is about having a party. 这个计划是关于举行聚会的 (做表语)
[例3]:The book about learning English is very good.
关于学英语的这本书很好 (做后置定语)
[例4]:The plan about having a party is important.
关于举行一个聚会的这个计划很重要 (做后置定语)
[ after ] ...之后
after 跟动名词或动名词短语构成介词短语,主要做时间状语,可以放在开头,也可以放在句尾,可以用在 一般现在时态,一般过去时态,和一般将来时态
[例1]:After getting up every day,I turn on my computer
[例2]:After meeting Nick,she couldn't sleep and eat.
遇见尼克之后,她睡不着觉吃不下饭
[例2]:After finishing our lessons,you will improve your English.
完成我们的课程之后,你就能提高你的英语了
[ before ] ...之前
主要做时间状语,可以放在开头,也可以放在句尾,可以用在 一般现在时态,一般过去时态,和一般将来时态
[例1]:Before sleeping every night,she washes her feet. 她睡觉前洗脚
[例2]:Before meeting Pandora,he was single. 遇到潘多拉之前,他是单身的
[例3]:Before teaching English,I was an assistant in a small company.
教英语之前,我是一个小公司的助理
[ without ] 没有做...就...
主要做状语,一般用在 主谓宾 句型,可以放在开头,也可以放在句尾
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + without + 动名词 / 动名词短语
without + 动名词 / 动名词短语,主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
[例1]:She went to work without having breakfast. 她没吃早餐就去上班了
[例2]:He went to the washroom without having tissue. 他没带纸就上洗手间了
[例3]:She left my home without saying goodbye. 她没告别就离开了我家
[ by ] 通过...动作
主要做 状语,方式状语,一般出现在 主谓宾 句型
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + by 动名词 / 动名词短语
[例1]:I learn English by watching TV. 我通过看电视学英语
[例2]:She earns money by selling flowers. 她通过卖花赚钱
[ of ] ...的
做后置定语,不能修饰表示人的名词
the + 特定的名词 + of + 动名词短语
[例1]:My way of teaching English is different. 我教英语的方法是不同的
[例2]:The way of making money is effective. 这个赚钱的方法是有效的
[例3]:It can reduce the risk of infecting the disease. 它能降低感染这种疾病的风险
[ instead of ] 没有...而...
强调,没有做一件事情,而是做了另外一件事情
主谓宾 + instead of + 动名词短语
instead of + 动名词短语,主谓宾
[例1]:I chose to be a teacher instead of being a worker.
我没有当工人而是选择了做老师
[例2]:Instead of telling me the truth,he told me another thing.
他没有告诉我真相,而是跟我讲了另外一件事情
[ for ]
for 跟动名词,动名词短语构成介词短语,做原因状语
[例1]:He was arrested for killing a girl.
他因谋杀一名女子而被捕 (用在被动句里做原因状语)
[例2]:Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我 (用在固定结构,做原因状语)
② 英语有一些动词短语,短语动词或复合动词,这些动词短语含有介词,而且属于及物动词,这个时候,也可以跟名词短语做宾语,
主语 + 特定的及物动词 + 动名词短语 (宾语)
[例1]:I will give up teaching English.
我将放弃教英语,teaching English 可以理解为 及物动词 give up 的宾语
注意:含有介词的动词短语有很多,但是也只有特定的动词短语才能跟动名词短语做宾语
1. [ give up ]
[例1]:I will give up teaching English.
[例2]:The man gave up smoking ten years ago. 这个男人十年前戒烟了
2. [ think of ] think of 跟 consider 是同义词
[例1]:I think of buying a farm. 我考虑买一个农场
[例2]:She will think of joining us. 她将会考虑加入我们
3. [ dream of ] 梦见
[例1]:She dream of meeting a handsome man. 她梦见遇到一个帅哥
[例2]:I dreamed of fiying in the sky. 我梦见在天上飞
4. [ hear of ] 听说
5. [ look forward to ] 期待,盼望
[例1]:We look forward to having a long holiday. 我们期待有一个长假
[例2]:She looks forward to getting a gitf. 她盼望收到一份礼物
6. [ depend on ] 依靠,根据
7. [ complain about ] 抱怨
[例1]:I complain about earning less money. 我抱怨赚钱少
[例2]:She complains about marrying a poor man. 她抱怨嫁了一个穷人
8. [ insist on ] 坚持
强调,坚持做某事的观点
[例1]:I insist on learning grammar first. 我坚持主张先学语法
[例2]:She insisted on buying a house in Brijing. 她坚持要在北京买一套房
9. [ feel like ] 想
常用在否定句中
[例1]:I don't feel like teaching English now. 我不想现在教英语
[例2]:She doesn't feel like eating meat now. 她不想现在吃肉
10. [ succeed in ] 成功做某事
[例1]:She succeeded in passing the exam. 她成功通过了考试
[例2]:We will succeed in making a lot of money in the future.
我们以后将会成功赚到很多钱
11. [ stop sb / sth from doing sth ] 阻止某人做某事或阻止某物发生什么动作
12. [ keep sb / sth from doing sth ] 阻止某人做某事或阻止某物发生什么动作
[例1]:We must stop him from making the same mistake.
我们必须阻止他犯同样的错误
[例2]:We should stop students from swimming in the river.
我们应该阻止学生在河里游泳
13. [ prevent sb / sth from doing sth ] 防止某人做某事或阻止某物发生什么动作
[例1]:We should prevent the children from getting the disease.
我们应该防止这些孩子得这种病
14. [ get used to / be used to ] 习惯于...
[例1]:I have got used to reading the news form my cellphone.
我已经习惯在手机上看新闻了
[例2]:He is used to sleeping late (staying up late). 他习惯晚睡
15. [ set about ] 开始 跟start 同义词
③ 英文中一种固定结构 be + 形容词 + 介词 的固定结构,可以跟 动名词或动名词短语做介词宾语
1. [ be good at ] 擅长于...
介词 at 后面可以跟 名词 或 动名词
[例1]:I am good at maths. 我擅长数学 (at + 名词)
[例2]:I am good at talking about plans. 我擅长谈论计划
[例3]:She is good at singing English songs. 她擅长唱歌
[例4]:She is good at swimming. 她擅长游泳
[例5]:I am good at playing chess. 我擅长下棋
2. [ be interested in ] 对...感兴趣
介词 in 后面可以跟 名词 或 动名词
[例1]:She is interested in singing songs. 她对唱歌感兴趣
[例2]:Everyone is interested in making a lot of money. 每个人都对赚很多钱感兴趣
[例3]:Nick is interested in making a bamboo raft. 尼克对做一个竹筏感兴趣
3. [ be proud of ] 对...感到自豪
介词 of 后面可以跟名词,人称代词宾格,动名词短语
[例1]:I am proud of you. 我为你感到自豪
[例2]:I am proud of my daughter. 我为我女儿感到自豪
[例3]:I am proud of winning the game. 赢得这场比赛我很自豪
[例3]:I am proud of being your teacher.
I hope,someday,You wil be proud of being my students.
4. [ be afraid of ] 害怕...
介词 of 后面可以跟 名词,人称代词宾格,动名词短语
[例1]:Girls are afraid of mice. 女孩子怕老鼠
[例2]:Some students are afraid of me. 有些学生怕我
[例3]:Girls are afraid of meeting wrong guys. 女孩怕遇到错误的人
5. [ be fond of ] 喜欢...
跟及物动词 like 意思一样,of 后面可以跟 名词,人称代词宾格,动名词短语
[例1]:She is fond of me. 她喜欢我
[例2]:She is fond of beautiful clothes. 她喜欢漂亮衣服
[例3]:The children are fond of listening to the story. 这些孩子喜欢听这个故事
固定结构
spend ... in (花...做...)
be busy in (忙于)
have trouble / difficulty in ... (做...有困难)
这三个固定结构里面的介词 in 需要省掉
主语 + spend + 表示时间的名词 + (in 省略) + 动名词短语
[例1]:I spent a lot of time reading novels. 我花了很多时间看小说
[例2]:I spent one hour every day making videos. 我每天花一小时制作视频
主语 + be + busy + (in 省略) + 动名词短语
[例1]:I am busy preparing the exam. 我忙于准备考试
[例2]:She is busy making money. 她忙于赚钱
[例3]:She is busy answering questions. 她忙着回答问题
主语 + have + trouble / difficulty + (in 省略) + 动名词短语
[例1]:I have trouble understanding her accent. 我听不懂她的口音
[例2]:I have difficulty understanding her accent. 我听不懂她的口音
[例3]:She has trouble driving a car. 她不会开车
[ 动名词短语做定语 ]
动名词短语 和 动词不定式短语 做宾语的区别
like doing sth 表示习惯性,兴趣,爱好
like to do sth 一是想做某事,只是具体的某一次的动作,
喜欢跟助动词 would 缩写成 'd like would like = want
hate doing sth 讨厌做某事,一直讨厌
hate to do sth 不愿,不愿做某事,只是具体的某次动作
begin 和 start 后面跟 动名词短语 或 动词不定式短语 做宾语 区别不大
[例1]:I begin to teach English at 7:30.
[例1]:I begin teaching English at 7:30.
[例2]:She starts to do housework at 3:00.
[例2]:She starts doing housework at 3:00.
remember + doing sth 记得曾经做过某事(强调该动作已经发生)
[例1]:I remember posting your letter. 我记得把你的信寄出去了
remember + to do sth 记住要去做某事(强调该动作未发生)
[例1]:Please remember to post my letter. 请记得寄我的信
forget + doing sth 忘记曾经做过某事(强调该动作已经发生)
[例1]:I forgot writing the letter. 我忘了写过这封信了
forget + to do sth 忘记去做某事(强调该动作未发生)
[例1]:I forgot to write the letter. 我忘记写信了
regret + doing sth 对已经做过的事懊悔
[例1]:I regret not having accepted your advice. 我后悔没有接受你的意见
regret + to do sth 对要做或正在做的事情抱歉
[例1]:I regret to say that all my effoets were in vain.
stop + doing sth 停止做某事
[例1]:Stop taking. 不要说话
stop + to do sth 停下来去做另一件事
[例1]:Stop to drink some tea. 停下来喝点茶
try + doing sth 试一试(做某事)
[例1]:He tried speaking Chinese to us. 他试着跟我们说中文
try + to do sth 设法做某事
[例1]:Please try to do berrer next time. 下次想方设法做好点
mean + doing sth 意味着,意思是
[例1]:That means setting out at once. 那就意味着借很多钱
mean + to do sth 打算做某事
[例1]:He really meant to come. 他真的打算来
go on + doing sth 继续不停做某事,重复做相同的事情
[例1]:Go on reading lesson one. 继续读第一课
go on + to do sth 昨晚一件事,接着做另一件事
[例1]:Go on to learn lesson two. 继续学第二课
need 和 want,只能跟 及物动词 + ing
[例1]:His computer needs / wants repairing. 他的电脑需要被修理(被动)
[例2]:He needs to repair his computer. 他需要修理他的电脑(主动)
动名词 或 动名词短语 的否定格式
在 动名词 或 动名词短语 前面 + not,否定的是动名词的动作
[例1]:I remember not giving him the book. 我记得没有给他这本书
[例2]:He considered not telling his mother the truth. 他考虑不告诉他妈妈真相
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