数据库练习
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数据库练习
大家好,我是小笙,我们学习完基础mysql,我们接下来需要进行一些练习,巩固一下基础!
雇员系统表
# 部门表
CREATE TABLE dept(
deptno MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
dname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT "", -- 部门名
loc VARCHAR(13) NOT NULL DEFAULT ""
);
INSERT INTO dept VALUES(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK'), (20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS'), (30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO'), (40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');
# 创建表EMP雇员
CREATE TABLE emp
(empno MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, -- 编号
ename VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT "", -- 名字
job VARCHAR(9) NOT NULL DEFAULT "", -- 工作
mgr MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED , -- 上级编号
hiredate DATE NOT NULL, -- 入职时间
sal DECIMAL(7,2) NOT NULL, -- 薪水
comm DECIMAL(7,2) , -- 红利
deptno MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 -- 部门编号
);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, '1990-12-17', 800.00,NULL , 20),
(7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '1991-2-20', 1600.00, 300.00, 30),
(7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '1991-2-22', 1250.00, 500.00, 30),
(7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, '1991-4-2', 2975.00,NULL,20),
(7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '1991-9-28',1250.00,1400.00,30),
(7698, 'BLAKE','MANAGER', 7839,'1991-5-1', 2850.00,NULL,30),
(7782, 'CLARK','MANAGER', 7839, '1991-6-9',2450.00,NULL,10),
(7788, 'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566, '1997-4-19',3000.00,NULL,20),
(7839, 'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'1991-11-17',5000.00,NULL,10),
(7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN',7698, '1991-9-8', 1500.00, NULL,30),
(7900, 'JAMES','CLERK',7698, '1991-12-3',950.00,NULL,30),
(7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST',7566,'1991-12-3',3000.00, NULL,20),
(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'1992-1-23', 1300.00, NULL,10);
# 工资级别表
CREATE TABLE salgrade
(
grade MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, -- 工资级别
losal DECIMAL(17,2) NOT NULL, -- 该级别的最低工资
hisal DECIMAL(17,2) NOT NULL -- 该级别的最高工资
);
INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (1,700,1200);
INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (2,1201,1400);
INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (3,1401,2000);
INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (4,2001,3000);
INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (5,3001,9999);
雇员表的结构
相关练习
1.显示所有部门名称
SELECT dname FROM dept;
2.显示所有雇员名及其全年收入13月(工资+补助),并指定列别名"年收入”
SELECT ename,(sal+IF(comm IS NULL,0,comm))*13 AS '年收入' FROM emp;
SELECT ename,(sal+IFNULL(comm,0))*13 AS '年收入' FROM emp;
3.显示工资超过2850的雇员姓名和工资
SELECT ename,sal FROM emp
WHERE sal > 2850;
4.显示工资不在1500到2850之间的所有雇员名及工资
SELECT ename,sal FROM emp
WHERE sal < 1500 OR sal > 2850;
5.显示编号为7566的雇员姓名及所在部门编号
SELECT ename,deptno FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7566;
6.显示部门10和30中工资超过1500的雇员名及工资
SELECT ename,sal FROM emp
WHERE sal > 1500 AND (deptno = 10 OR deptno = 30);
7.显示无管理者的雇员名及岗位
SELECT ename,job FROM emp
WHERE mgr is NULL;
8.显示在1991年2月1日到1991年5月1日之间雇用的雇员名,岗位及雇佣日期,并以雇佣日期进行排序
SELECT ename,job,hiredate FROM emp
WHERE hiredate BETWEEN '1991-02-01' AND '1991-05-01'
ORDER BY hiredate ASC;
9.显示获得补助的所有雇员名,工资及补助,并以工资降序排序
SELECT ename,sal,comm FROM emp
WHERE comm IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY sal DESC;
10.选择部门30中的所有员工
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE deptno = 30;
11.列出所有办事员(CLERK)的姓名,编号和部门编号
SELECT ename,empno,deptno FROM emp
WHERE job = 'CLERK';
12.找出红利高于薪资的员工
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE IFNULL(comm,0) > sal;
13.找出红利高于薪资60%的员工
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE IFNULL(comm,0) > sal*0.6;
14.找出部门10中所有经理(MANAGER)和部门20中所有办事员(CLERK)的详细资料
SELECT *from emp
WHERE (deptno = 10 AND job = 'MANAGER') OR (deptno = 20 AND job = 'CLERK');
15.找出部门10中所有经理(MANAGER),部门20中所有办事员(CLERK,还有既不是经理又不是办事员,但其薪金大于或等于2000的所有员工的详细资料.
SELECT *from emp
WHERE (deptno = 10 AND job = 'MANAGER') OR (deptno = 20 AND job = 'CLERK')
OR job NOT IN('MANAGER','CLERK') AND sal >= 2000;
16.找出收取红利的员工的不同工作
SELECT DISTINCT job FROM emp
WHERE comm IS NOT NULL;
17.找出不收取红利或收取的红利低于100的员工
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE comm IS NULL OR IFNULL(comm,0) < 100;
18.找出各月倒数第3天受雇的所有员工(last_day(日期),可以返回该日期月份的最后一天)
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE LAST_DAY(hiredate) - 2 = hiredate;
19.找出早于12年前受雇的员工
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE DATE_ADD(hiredate,INTERVAL 12 YEAR) < NOW();
20.以首字母小写的方式显示所有员工的姓名
SELECT CONCAT(LCASE(LEFT(ename,1)),SUBSTRING(ename,2,LENGTH(ename)-1)) FROM emp;
21.显示正好为5个字符的员工的姓名.
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE LENGTH(ename) = 5;
22.显示不带有"R"的员工的姓名
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE ename NOT LIKE '%R%';
23.显示所有员工姓名的前三个字符
SELECT LEFT(ename,3)FROM emp;
24.显示所有员工的姓名,用a替换所有"A"
SELECT REPLACE(ename,'A','a') FROM emp;
25.显示满10年服务年限的员工的姓名和受雇日期
SELECT ename,hiredate FROM emp
WHERE DATE_ADD(hiredate,INTERVAL 10 YEAR) <= NOW();
26.显示员工的详细资料,按姓名排序
SELECT *FROM emp
ORDER BY ename ASC;
27.显示员工的姓名和受雇日期,根据其服务年限,将最老的员工排在最前面
SELECT ename,hiredate FROM emp
ORDER BY hiredate ASC;
28.显示所有员工的姓名、工作和薪金按工作降序排序,若工作相同则按薪金排序
SELECT ename,job,sal FROM emp
ORDER BY job DESC,sal ASC;
29.显示所有员工的姓名、加入公司的年份和月份按受雇日期所在月排序,若月份相同则将最早年份的员工排在最前面
SELECT ename,YEAR(hiredate) AS '年',MONTH(hiredate) AS '月' FROM emp
ORDER BY MONTH(hiredate) ASC,hiredate ASC;
30.显示在一个月为30天的情况所有员工的日薪金,忽略余数
SELECT ename,FLOOR(sal/30) AS '日薪金' FROM emp;
31.找出在(任何年份的)2月受聘的所有员工
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE MONTH(hiredate) = 2;
32.以年月日的方式显示所有员工的服务年限(大概)
SELECT ename,FLOOR(DATEDIFF(NOW(),hiredate)/365) AS '年',
FLOOR(DATEDIFF(NOW(),hiredate)%365/30) AS '月',
FLOOR(DATEDIFF(NOW(),hiredate)%365%30) AS '日'FROM emp;
33.列出至少有一个员工的所有部门
SELECT COUNT(*) AS '员工数' FROM emp
GROUP BY deptno
HAVING 员工数 > 1;
34.列出薪金比“SMITH”多的所有员工
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE sal > (SELECT sal FROM emp WHERE ename = 'SMITH');
35.列出受雇日期晚于其直接上级的所有员工
# 自连接
SELECT *FROM emp worker,emp boss
WHERE worker.mgr = boss.empno AND worker.hiredate > boss.hiredate;
36.列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息,同时列出那些没有员工的部门
# 外连接
SELECT dname,emp.* FROM dept
LEFT JOIN emp ON dept.deptno = emp.deptno
37.列出所有“CLERK”(办事员)的姓名及其部门名称
SELECT ename,dname FROM emp,dept
WHERE emp.deptno = dept.deptno AND job = "CLERK"
38.列出各个部门最低薪金大于1500的各种工作
SELECT *FROM emp
GROUP BY job
HAVING MIN(sal) > 1500
39.列出在部门“SALES”(销售部)工作的员工的姓名
SELECT ename FROM emp,dept
WHERE emp.deptno = dept.deptno AND dname = "SALES"
40.列出薪金高于公司平均薪金的所有员工
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE sal > (SELECT AVG(sal) AS avg_sal FROM emp)
41.列出与“SCOTT”从事相同工作的所有员工
SELECT *FROM emp
WHERE job = (SELECT job FROM emp WHERE ename = "SCOTT")
42.列出薪金高于在部门30工作的所有员工的薪金的员工姓名和薪金
SELECT ename,sal FROM emp
WHERE sal > (SELECT MAX(sal) FROM emp WHERE deptno = 30)
43.列出在每个部门工作的员工数量、平均工资
SELECT deptno,COUNT(*) AS "员工数量",AVG(sal+IFNULL(comm,0)) AS "平均工资" FROM emp
GROUP BY deptno
44.列出所有部门的详细信息和部门人数
SELECT dept.*,sum FROM dept,(SELECT deptno,COUNT(*) AS sum FROM emp GROUP BY deptno) temp
WHERE temp.deptno = dept.deptno
45.列出各种工作的最低工资
SELECT job,MIN(sal) AS min_sal FROM emp
GROUP BY job
46.列出MANAGER(经理)的最低薪金
SELECT job,MIN(sal) AS min_sal FROM emp
WHERE job = "MANAGER"
47.列出所有员工的年工资,按年薪从低到高排序
SELECT ename,(sal+IFNULL(comm,0))*12 AS sum_sal FROM emp
ORDER BY sum_sal
综合题目
48.设学校环境如下:一个系有若干个专业,每个专业一年只招一个班,每个班有若干个学生。
现要建立关于系、学生、班级的数据库,关系模式为:
班CLASS (班号classid,专业名subject,系名deptname,入学年份enrolltime,人数num)
学生STUDENT (学号studentid,姓名name,年龄age,班号classid)
系DEPARTMENT (系号departmentid,系名deptname)
试用SQL语言完成以下功能:
(1)建表,在定义中要求声明:
- 每个表的主外键
- deptname是唯一约束
- 学生姓名不能为空
(2)插入如下数据
DEPARTMENT (001,数学;002,计算机:003,化学;004,中文:005,经济)
CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT(
departmentid INT PRIMARY KEY, -- 系号
deptname VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE -- 系名
)
START TRANSACTION
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT VALUES (001,"数学"),
(002,"计算机"),
(003,"化学"),
(004,"中文"),
(005,"经济");
CLASS(
101,软件,计算机,1995,20;
102,微电子,计算机,1996,30:
111,无机化学,化学,1995,29;
112,高分子化学,化学,1996,25;
121,统计数学,数学,1995,20;
131,现代语言,中文,1996,30;
141,国际贸易,经济,1997,30;
142,国际金融,经济,1996,14;)
CREATE TABLE CLASS(
classid INT PRIMARY KEY, -- 班号
`subject` VARCHAR(32), -- 专业名
deptname VARCHAR(32), -- 系名
enrolltime YEAR, -- 入学年份
num INT, -- 人数
FOREIGN KEY(deptname) REFERENCES `DEPARTMENT`(deptname)
)
INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES(101,"软件","计算机","1995",20),
(102,"微电子","计算机","1996",30),
(111,"无机化学","化学","1995",29),
(112,"高分子化学","化学","1996",25),
(121,"统计数学","数学",<以上是关于数据库练习的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章