MATLAB绘制中国地图超全教程

Posted 2022-03-02 slandarer

依旧需要用到Mapping Toolbox不会安装的可以看我上一篇

虽然我们只读取shp文件，但需要保证文件夹里还有shx文件及dbf文件

各省边界线绘图

provinces=shaperead('bou2_4l.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);

% 绘图
worldmap('China');
geoshow(provinces)

省份填色图

provinces=shaperead('bou2_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);

% 绘图
worldmap('China');
faceColors=makesymbolspec('Polygon','INDEX',[1 numel(provinces)],'FaceColor',polcmap(numel(provinces)));
geoshow(provinces,'DisplayType','polygon','SymbolSpec',faceColors)

改个颜色：

provinces=shaperead('bou2_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);

% 插值定义颜色
C=[222,238,209;126,190,174;144,213,220;
    33,118,155;30,69,128;20,49,127]./255;
C1(:,1)=interp1(0:5,C(:,1),linspace(0,5,numel(provinces)),'linear')';
C1(:,2)=interp1(0:5,C(:,2),linspace(0,5,numel(provinces)),'linear')';
C1(:,3)=interp1(0:5,C(:,3),linspace(0,5,numel(provinces)),'linear')';

% 绘图
worldmap('China');
faceColors=makesymbolspec('Polygon','INDEX',[1 numel(provinces)],'FaceColor',C1);
geoshow(provinces,'DisplayType','polygon','SymbolSpec',faceColors)

标注省份名称

provinces=shaperead('bou2_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);

% 插值定义颜色
C=[222,238,209;126,190,174;144,213,220;
    33,118,155;30,69,128;20,49,127]./255;
C1(:,1)=interp1(0:5,C(:,1),linspace(0,5,numel(provinces)),'linear')';
C1(:,2)=interp1(0:5,C(:,2),linspace(0,5,numel(provinces)),'linear')';
C1(:,3)=interp1(0:5,C(:,3),linspace(0,5,numel(provinces)),'linear')';

% 绘图
worldmap('China');
faceColors=makesymbolspec('Polygon','INDEX',[1 numel(provinces)],'FaceColor',C1);
geoshow(provinces,'DisplayType','polygon','SymbolSpec',faceColors)

% 读取首都和省级行政中心位置信息并标记
pnames=shaperead('res1_4m.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
for i=1:numel(pnames)
    textm(pnames(i).Lat,pnames(i).Lon,pnames(i).NAME, ...
   'HorizontalAlignment','center','FontSize',5,'color','k')
end

单独绘制某个省份：

worldmap([42,55],[120,137]);

% 从中国省份数据文件中获取黑龙江省
P=shaperead('bou2_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true,...
  'Selector',@(name) strcmp(name,'黑龙江省'),'NAME');
patchm(P.Lat,P.Lon, [0.5 0.7 0.5])

中国公路交通图

borders=shaperead('bou1_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
roads=shaperead('roa_4m.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
worldmap('China');

geoshow(borders,'FaceColor',[239,238,234]./255)
geoshow(roads,'Color',[250,227,158]./255,'LineWidth',1.5)

中国铁路交通图

borders=shaperead('bou1_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
rails=shaperead('rai_4m.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
worldmap('China');

geoshow(borders,'FaceColor',[239,238,234]./255)
geoshow(rails,'Color',[.2,.2,.2],'LineWidth',1,'LineStyle','-.')

中国河流图

borders=shaperead('bou1_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
riversp=shaperead('hyd1_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
riversl=shaperead('hyd1_4l.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
worldmap('China');

geoshow(borders,'FaceColor',[239,238,234]./255)
geoshow(riversp,'FaceColor',[127,141,181]./255,'EdgeColor',[127,141,181]./255)
geoshow(riversl,'Color',[127,141,181]./255,'LineWidth',1)

组合美化图

美化图一

ax=worldmap('China');
setm(ax,'FFaceColor',[153,179,204]./255)

% 绘制附近大陆
antarctica = shaperead('landareas.shp', 'UseGeoCoords', true,...
  'Selector',@(name) strcmp(name,'Africa and Eurasia'), 'Name');
patchm(antarctica.Lat, antarctica.Lon, [0.5 0.7 0.5])

% 绘制中国国界
bordersl=shaperead('bou1_4l.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
geoshow(bordersl,'Color',[.3,.3,.3],'LineWidth',1)
bordersp=shaperead('bou1_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
patchm([bordersp.Lat],[bordersp.Lon],[239,238,234]./255);

% 绘制河流
riversp=shaperead('hyd1_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
riversl=shaperead('hyd1_4l.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
geoshow(riversp,'FaceColor',[127,141,181]./255,'EdgeColor',[127,141,181]./255)
geoshow(riversl,'Color',[127,141,181]./255,'LineWidth',1)

% 绘制公路
roads=shaperead('roa_4m.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
geoshow(roads,'Color',[250,227,158]./255,'LineWidth',1.5)

tightmap

美化图二

ax=worldmap('china');
setm(ax,'mapprojection','mercator');

% 绘制国界
bordersl=shaperead('bou1_4l.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
geoshow(bordersl,'Color',[.3,.3,.3],'LineWidth',1)
% 绘制省份
colorList=[197,228,212;255,254,216;251,197,221;199,205,231]./255;
colorList=repmat(colorList,[250,1]);
provinces=shaperead('bou2_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
colorList=colorList(1:numel(provinces),:);
faceColors=makesymbolspec('Polygon','INDEX',[1 numel(provinces)],'FaceColor',colorList);
geoshow(provinces,'DisplayType','polygon','SymbolSpec',faceColors)

% 首都
pnames=shaperead('res1_4m.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
geoshow(pnames(1).Lat,pnames(1).Lon,'DisplayType','point','Marker','p',...
    'MarkerEdgeColor',[.8,0,0],'MarkerFaceColor',[.8,0,0])

% 指北针
northarrow('latitude',50,'longitude',80,'scaleratio',.08,'FaceColor',[.4,.4,.4])

% 比例尺
scaleruler on
setm(handlem('scaleruler1'), ...
    'XLoc',-3.2e6,'YLoc',1.8e6, ...
    'MajorTick',0:500:2000,...
    'MinorTick',0:40:200,'FontSize',7)
scaleruler('units','nm')
setm(handlem('scaleruler2'), ...
    'XLoc',-3.15e6, ...
    'YLoc',1.7e6, ...
    'TickDir','down', ...
    'MajorTick',0:250:1000,...
    'MinorTick',0:40:200,...
    'MajorTickLength',km2nm(25),...
    'MinorTickLength',km2nm(12.5),'FontSize',7)

% 小地图
h2=axes('pos',[0.67 0.15 0.13 0.2]);
worldmap([1 22],[106 122])
setm(h2,'FFaceColor',[197,213,236]./255,'FEdgeColor',[.3,.3,.3],'FLineWidth',1.5)
insert1=shaperead('bou2_4l.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
geoshow(insert1,'Color',[.2,.2,.2],'LineWidth',1)
insert2=shaperead('bou2_4p.shp','UseGeoCoords',true);
geoshow(insert2,'FaceColor','w')
mlabel off 
plabel off
gridm off

代码和数据：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/12wP-N86fpfq4WOgQQOrahQ
提取码：slan