Tomcat 8.5 运行war包出现“一个或多个筛选器启动失败”问题排除

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Tomcat 8.5 运行war包出现“一个或多个筛选器启动失败”问题排除

本文系本人开发和学习过程中遇到的问题记录，如有错误，还请不吝赐教。

问题说明

前些时间新的Java后端项目（基于Spring Boot）采用war包打包，使用Tomcat 8.5进行发布。在引入了多个过滤器之后，发布时出现了问题，始终报错“一个或多个筛选器启动失败”。

项目采用的Spring Boot 2.4.5版本，使用Maven 3.6.3进行依赖管理。

相关的依赖配置如下：

<dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <exclusions><!-- 去掉默认配置 -->
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 其他不相关依赖已经省略 -->
</dependencies>

问题排除

网上有很多关于 Tomcat 发布war项目时报错“一个或多个筛选器启动失败”的文章，基本都是由于在打war包的过程中没有将相关的依赖引入，或者引入不全导致。

经过仔细核对，本项目的打包过程不存在任何问题，也不存在依赖没有引入的问题。

后来在查看源码的过程中发现Spring Boot 2.4.5内嵌的Tomcat版本为9.0，过滤器接口源码如下。

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package javax.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * A filter is an object that performs filtering tasks on either the request to
 * a resource (a servlet or static content), or on the response from a resource,
 * or both. <br>
 * <br>
 * Filters perform filtering in the <code>doFilter</code> method. Every Filter
 * has access to a FilterConfig object from which it can obtain its
 * initialization parameters, a reference to the ServletContext which it can
 * use, for example, to load resources needed for filtering tasks.
 * <p>
 * Filters are configured in the deployment descriptor of a web application
 * <p>
 * Examples that have been identified for this design are<br>
 * 1) Authentication Filters <br>
 * 2) Logging and Auditing Filters <br>
 * 3) Image conversion Filters <br>
 * 4) Data compression Filters <br>
 * 5) Encryption Filters <br>
 * 6) Tokenizing Filters <br>
 * 7) Filters that trigger resource access events <br>
 * 8) XSL/T filters <br>
 * 9) Mime-type chain Filter <br>
 *
 * @since Servlet 2.3
 */
public interface Filter 

    /**
     * Called by the web container to indicate to a filter that it is being
     * placed into service. The servlet container calls the init method exactly
     * once after instantiating the filter. The init method must complete
     * successfully before the filter is asked to do any filtering work.
     * <p>
     * The web container cannot place the filter into service if the init method
     * either:
     * <ul>
     * <li>Throws a ServletException</li>
     * <li>Does not return within a time period defined by the web
     *     container</li>
     * </ul>
     * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
     *
     * @param filterConfig The configuration information associated with the
     *                     filter instance being initialised
     *
     * @throws ServletException if the initialisation fails
     */
    public default void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException 

    /**
     * The <code>doFilter</code> method of the Filter is called by the container
     * each time a request/response pair is passed through the chain due to a
     * client request for a resource at the end of the chain. The FilterChain
     * passed in to this method allows the Filter to pass on the request and
     * response to the next entity in the chain.
     * <p>
     * A typical implementation of this method would follow the following
     * pattern:- <br>
     * 1. Examine the request<br>
     * 2. Optionally wrap the request object with a custom implementation to
     * filter content or headers for input filtering <br>
     * 3. Optionally wrap the response object with a custom implementation to
     * filter content or headers for output filtering <br>
     * 4. a) <strong>Either</strong> invoke the next entity in the chain using
     * the FilterChain object (<code>chain.doFilter()</code>), <br>
     * 4. b) <strong>or</strong> not pass on the request/response pair to the
     * next entity in the filter chain to block the request processing<br>
     * 5. Directly set headers on the response after invocation of the next
     * entity in the filter chain.
     *
     * @param request  The request to process
     * @param response The response associated with the request
     * @param chain    Provides access to the next filter in the chain for this
     *                 filter to pass the request and response to for further
     *                 processing
     *
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs during this filter's
     *                     processing of the request
     * @throws ServletException if the processing fails for any other reason
     */
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
            FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException;

    /**
     * Called by the web container to indicate to a filter that it is being
     * taken out of service. This method is only called once all threads within
     * the filter's doFilter method have exited or after a timeout period has
     * passed. After the web container calls this method, it will not call the
     * doFilter method again on this instance of the filter. <br>
     * <br>
     *
     * This method gives the filter an opportunity to clean up any resources
     * that are being held (for example, memory, file handles, threads) and make
     * sure that any persistent state is synchronized with the filter's current
     * state in memory.
     *
     * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
     */
    public default void destroy()

可以发现过滤器接口中init()和destroy()方法都是默认方法，在实现过滤器接口时无需一定实现上述两个方法。因此我的其中的一个过滤器如下。

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 跨域过滤器
 * @author SUN Katus
 * @version 1.0, 2021-05-21
 */
@Order(1)
@Slf4j
@WebFilter(
        filterName = "corsFilter",
        urlPatterns = "/*"
)
public class CORSFilter implements Filter 

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException 
        HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
        httpResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        httpResponse.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,PUT,POST,DELETE,OPTIONS");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type,Authorization,X-Requested-With,token");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "*");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
        if (httpRequest.getMethod().equals(RequestMethod.OPTIONS.name())) 
            httpResponse.setStatus(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
            return;
        
        chain.doFilter(httpRequest, httpResponse);

后来我又去查看了Tomcat 8.5过滤器接口的源码如下。

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package javax.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * A filter is an object that performs filtering tasks on either the request to
 * a resource (a servlet or static content), or on the response from a resource,
 * or both. <br>
 * <br>
 * Filters perform filtering in the <code>doFilter</code> method. Every Filter
 * has access to a FilterConfig object from which it can obtain its
 * initialization parameters, a reference to the ServletContext which it can
 * use, for example, to load resources needed for filtering tasks.
 * <p>
 * Filters are configured in the deployment descriptor of a web application
 * <p>
 * Examples that have been identified for this design are<br>
 * 1) Authentication Filters <br>
 * 2) Logging and Auditing Filters <br>
 * 3) Image conversion Filters <br>
 * 4) Data compression Filters <br>
 * 5) Encryption Filters <br>
 * 6) Tokenizing Filters <br>
 * 7) Filters that trigger resource access events <br>
 * 8) XSL/T filters <br>
 * 9) Mime-type chain Filter <br>
 *
 * @since Servlet 2.3
 */
public interface Filter 

    /**
     * Called by the web container to indicate to a filter that it is being
     * placed into service. The servlet container calls the init method exactly
     * once after instantiating the filter. The init method must complete
     * successfully before the filter is asked to do any filtering work.
     * <p>
     * The web container cannot place the filter into service if the init method
     * either:
     * <ul>
     * <li>Throws a ServletException</li>
     * <li>Does not return within a time period defined by the web
     *     container</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param filterConfig The configuration information associated with the
     *                     filter instance being initialised
     *
     * @throws ServletException if the initialisation fails
     */
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException;

    /**
     * The <code>doFilter</code> method of the Filter is called by the container
     * each time a request/response pair is passed through the chain due to a
     * client request for a resource at the end of the chain. The FilterChain
     * passed in to this method allows the Filter to pass on the request and
     * response to the next entity in the chain.
     * <p>
     * A typical implementation of this method would follow the following
     * pattern:- <br>
     * 1. Examine the request<br>
     * 2. Optionally wrap the request object with a custom implementation to
     * filter content or headers for input filtering <br>
     * 3. Optionally wrap the response object with a custom implementation to
     * filter content or headers for output filtering <br>
     * 4. a) <strong>Either</strong> invoke the next entity in the chain using
     * the FilterChain object (<code>chain.doFilter()</code>), <br>
     * 4. b) <strong>or</strong> not pass on the request/response pair to the
     * next entity in the filter chain to block the request processing<br>
     * 5. Directly set headers on the response after invocation of the next
     * entity in the filter chain.
     *
     * @param request  The request to process
     * @param response The response associated with the request
     * @param chain    Provides access to the next filter in the chain for this
     *                 filter to pass the request and response to for further
     *                 processing
     *
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs during this filter's
     *                     processing of the request
     * @throws ServletException if the processing fails for any other reason
     */
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
            FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException;

    /**
     * Called by the web container to indicate to a filter that it is being
     * taken out of service. This method is only called once all threads within
     * the filter's doFilter method have exited or after a timeout period has
     * passed. After the web container calls this method, it will not call the
     * doFilter method again on this instance of the filter. <br>
     * <br>
     *
     * This method gives the filter an opportunity to clean up any resources
     * that are being held (for example, memory, file handles, threads) and make
     * sure that any persistent state is synchronized with the filter's current
     * state in memory.
     */
    public void destroy();

可以明显发现过滤器接口中init()和destroy()方法声明都是普通的，没有默认实现，这也就说明了相应的过滤器需要显式实现过滤器接口中的全部方法。

经过修改的过滤器如下。

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 跨域过滤器
 * @author SUN Katus
 * @version 1.0, 2021-05-21
 */
@Order(1)
@Slf4j
@WebFilter(
        filterName = "corsFilter",
        urlPatterns = "/*"
)
public class CORSFilter implements Filter 

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) 

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException 
        HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
        httpResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        httpResponse.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,PUT,POST,DELETE,OPTIONS");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type,Authorization,X-Requested-With,token");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "*");
        httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
        if (httpRequest.getMethod().equals(RequestMethod.OPTIONS.name())) 
            httpResponse.setStatus(HttpStatus.SC_OK);
            return;
        
        chain.doFilter(httpRequest, httpResponse);
    

    @Override
    public void destroy()

修改之后打包部署，完美运行，问题解决。

问题反思

归根到底是开发时使用的依赖和生产环境中不统一导致的，以后应当尽可能减少这种不规范的开发习惯。

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