Java中的可变范围和可见性
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我正在度假和度假。假期文件将作为我的蓝图,驱动程序将是创建假期实例的程序的交互部分。我把所有东西都完美地运行了,但是当我在度假驱动程序类的第47行的print语句中添加一个值时,我就打破了程序。
我需要调用我认为在第42行声明的numSales的值。当我在输出的开头和中间的第47行输入numSales时,如下所示我得到一条红线,Eclipse告诉我“numSales不能被解析为变量“。我需要做什么才能在度假驱动程序的第47行的print语句中主动输出numSales的值?
这是度假班:
package cbrownmod4;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
public class Vacation {
// money formatting
NumberFormat money = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
// instance variables
private String vacationName;
private int numSold;
private Double priceEach;
// empty constructor
public Vacation() {
}
// partial constructor
public Vacation(String n, int s, double e) {
vacationName = n;
numSold = s;
priceEach = e = 0;
}
// updatSales method
public int updateSales() {
int updateSales = 0;
updateSales = updateSales + numSold;
return updateSales;
}
// totalValue method
public double totalValue() {
double totalValue = 0;
totalValue = totalValue + (numSold * priceEach);
return totalValue;
}
// toString method
public String toString() {
return vacationName + " has been sold " + numSold + " times for " + money.format(priceEach) +
" each for a total value of " + money.format(numSold*priceEach);
}
// getters and setters
public String getVacationName() {
return vacationName;
}
public void setVacationName(String vacationName) {
this.vacationName = vacationName;
}
public int getNumSold() {
return numSold;
}
public void setNumSold(int numSold) {
this.numSold = numSold;
}
public Double getPriceEach() {
return priceEach;
}
public void setPriceEach(Double priceEach) {
this.priceEach = priceEach;
}
}
这是假期司机:
package cbrownmod4;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class VacationDriver {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
NumberFormat money = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
// ask for the number of vacations and read it into numVacations
System.out.println("How many vacations are there?:");
int numVacations = input.nextInt();
// ask for the number of sales people and read it into numPeople
System.out.println("How many sales people are there?: ");
int numPeople = input.nextInt();
// beginning of loop for number of vacations
for(int i = 0; i < numVacations; i++) {
//ask for the name and price and read these into variables
System.out.println("What is the name of vacation #" + Integer.toString(i+1) + "?:");
String name = input.next();
System.out.println("How much does " + name + " cost?: ");
Double price = input.nextDouble();
// create a Vacation instance using the data obtained above
Vacation vacay = new Vacation (name, i, price);
// loop through the sales people
for(int j = 0; j < numPeople; j++) {
// ask for the sales for the current vacation and read it in
System.out.println("What are the sales for the current vacation by person #" + Integer.toString(j+1) + "?:");
int numSales = input.nextInt(); // line 42
// call updateSales with this number
numSales = vacay.updateSales();
} //end of inner loop
//where line 47 begins
//print out this vacation info
System.out.println(numSales + " trips to " + name + " were sold for " + money.format(price) + " for a total of " + money.format(numSales * price));
} //end of outer for loop
} //end of main
}
由于要求提供代码部分代码片段不起作用,这有点证明了我的问题:
//print out this vacation info
System.out.println(numSales + " trips to " + name + " were
sold for " + money.format(price) + " for a total of " +
money.format(numSales * price));
注意:如果您取出休假驱动程序片段中的numSales,程序正确执行但没有正确的输出,因为它缺少必要的输出变量
简明扼要的问题是 - 为什么当我使用它时,numSales不起作用,就像在短片段中所示。我的问题再一次是Eclipse说“numSales无法解析为变量”。
答案
问题是你在for {}块中声明了numSales
。
您需要在for块之前声明它:
int numSales = 0; // set initial value in case numPeople is 0 and the loop never runs
// loop through the sales people
for(int j = 0; j < numPeople; j++) {
// ask for the sales for the current vacation and read it in
System.out.println("What are the sales for the current vacation by person #" + Integer.toString(j+1) + "?:");
numSales = input.nextInt(); // line 42; this value is never used? it is overwritten below
// overwrite the never-used value from line 42??
numSales = vacay.updateSales();
} //end of inner loop
// now numSales is still visible, because it was declared on this same 'level' and not in an inner block
System.out.println("numSales: " + numSales);
第42行中设置的值从未使用过,并且在第45行中被覆盖,因此您也可以调用input.nextInt();
而不将值设置为numSales
。
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