java AES加密解密

Posted 2020-08-27 我为卒

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近些年DES使用越来越少，原因就在于其使用56位密钥，比较容易被破解，近些年来逐渐被AES替代，AES已经变成目前对称加密中最流行算法之一；AES可以使用128、192、和256位密钥，并且用128位分组加密和解密数据。本文就简单介绍如何通过JAVA实现AES加密。

因为在做接口 webservice的时候接受穿过的数据是xml 加密为二进制 byte[] 下面直接看代码 :

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.security.InvalidKeyException;

import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

import java.security.SecureRandom;

import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;

import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;

import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;

import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

public class AESUtil1 {

* 算法/模式/填充 16字节加密后数据长度不满16字节加密后长度

* AES/CBC/NoPadding 16 不支持

* AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding 32 16

* AES/CBC/ISO10126Padding 32 16

* AES/CFB/NoPadding 16 原始数据长度

* AES/CFB/PKCS5Padding 32 16

* AES/CFB/ISO10126Padding 32 16

* AES/ECB/NoPadding 16 不支持

* AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding 32 16

* AES/ECB/ISO10126Padding 32 16

* AES/OFB/NoPadding 16 原始数据长度

* AES/OFB/PKCS5Padding 32 16

* AES/OFB/ISO10126Padding 32 16

* AES/PCBC/NoPadding 16 不支持

* AES/PCBC/PKCS5Padding 32 16

* AES/PCBC/ISO10126Padding 32 16

* 注：

* 1、JCE中AES支持五中模式：CBC，CFB，ECB，OFB，PCBC；支持三种填充：NoPadding，PKCS5Padding，ISO10126Padding。不带模式和填充来获取AES算法的时候，其默认使用ECB/PKCS5Padding。

* 2、Java支持的密钥长度：keysize must be equal to 128, 192 or 256

* 3、Java默认限制使用大于128的密钥加密（解密不受限制），报错信息：java.security.InvalidKeyException: Illegal key size or default parameters

* 4、下载并安装JCE Policy文件即可突破128密钥长度的限制：覆盖jre\lib\security目录下local_policy.jar、US_export_policy.jar文件即可

* 5、除ECB外，需提供初始向量（IV），如：Cipher.init(opmode, key, new IvParameterSpec(iv)), 且IV length: must be 16 bytes long

public static SecretKeySpec bulidKey(String password) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {

KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); //AES 加密默认的是这种 ECB/PKCS5Padding

SecureRandom secureRandom = SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG"); //SHA1PRANG 就是一种算法的名称这里使用据说有补位的作用可以适应不同机器所以要用就用着这一种

secureRandom.setSeed(password.getBytes()); // 根据种子password.getBytes() 获取随机值可以单用 SecureRandom 继承 Random

kgen.init(128, secureRandom);

SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey(); //下面就是生成加密的key了

byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();

SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");

return key;

}

/**

* 加密

* @param content

* 需要加密的内容

* @param password

* 加密密码

* @return

public static byte[] encrypt(String content, String password) {

try {

SecretKeySpec key = bulidKey(password);

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");// 创建密码器

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化

byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("gbk"); //这里是应编码了可以不写gbk 就是用的默认编码这样的话下面的解密gbk 也要去掉

byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent);

return result; // 加密

} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (BadPaddingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return null;

}

// 进行加密并返回16进制的内容

public static String encrypt2Str(String content, String password) {

return parseByte2HexStr(encrypt(content,password)); // 加密

}

/**

* 解密

* @param content

* 待解密内容

* @param password

* 解密密钥

* @return

public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] content, String password) {

try {

SecretKeySpec key = bulidKey(password);

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");// 创建密码器

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化

byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(content);

return result; // 解密

} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (BadPaddingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return null;

}

public static String decryptString(byte[]content,String password) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

return new String(decrypt(content,password),"gbk");

}

//将加密后的16进制转化为二进制再解密并编码为字符串

public static String decryptStr(String content, String password) {

byte[] decryptFrom = parseHexStr2Byte(content);

byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(decryptFrom, password);

String result = "--";

try {

result = new String(decryptResult,"gbk");

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return result;

}

/**

* 将二进制转换成16进制

* @param buf

* @return

public static String parseByte2HexStr(byte buf[]) {

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {

String hex = Integer.toHexString(buf[i] & 0xFF);

if (hex.length() == 1) {

hex = ‘0‘ + hex;

}

sb.append(hex.toUpperCase());

}

return sb.toString();

}

/**

* 将16进制转换为二进制

* @param hexStr

* @return

public static byte[] parseHexStr2Byte(String hexStr) {

if (hexStr.length() < 1)

return null;

byte[] result = new byte[hexStr.length() / 2];

for (int i = 0; i < hexStr.length() / 2; i++) {

int high = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i * 2, i * 2 + 1), 16);

int low = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i * 2 + 1, i * 2 + 2),

16);

result[i] = (byte) (high * 16 + low);

}

return result;

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

String content = "山东省济南市槐荫区中大办事处裕华里";

String password = "bc29c2f94e0e0355c346892a45bc2b42";

// 加密971436EC53EED78C0A942FCA7900E1E7F13527CB29268B9B52DA3A6C7F804C1825AF87A0B8F550DE09055D42BED07EB7:长度:96

System.out.println("加密前：" + content);

byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password);

String encryptResultStr = parseByte2HexStr(encryptResult);

System.out.println("加密后：" + encryptResultStr+":长度:"+encryptResultStr.length());

// 解密

String decryptResult = decryptStr(encryptResultStr, password);

System.out.println("解密后：" + decryptResult);

//--------------------------------------

String aa=decryptString(encryptResult,password);

System.out.println("===直接接受过来的二进制数据解密:"+aa);

}

//第二种和第一种类似 加密方式由EBC 改成 CBC  增加了向量  每太明白可能就是增加复杂度吧  

//这个是写借口的时候 我用java 别人用的是别的语言 AES加密对应不上 别人提供的 如果没有汉字就对上了 ,有了汉字加密后的16进制也是不一样的 
//想到的办法是用  URLEncorder.encode("汉字")  进行转码  或者这里面提供的把汉字转换为二进制




import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;

import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

public class AESUtil2 {

    /*
     * 算法/模式/填充 16字节加密后数据长度 不满16字节加密后长度
     * AES/CBC/NoPadding 16 不支持
     * AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding 32 16
     * AES/CBC/ISO10126Padding 32 16
     * AES/CFB/NoPadding 16 原始数据长度
     * AES/CFB/PKCS5Padding 32 16
     * AES/CFB/ISO10126Padding 32 16
     * AES/ECB/NoPadding 16 不支持
     * AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding 32 16
     * AES/ECB/ISO10126Padding 32 16
     * AES/OFB/NoPadding 16 原始数据长度
     * AES/OFB/PKCS5Padding 32 16
     * AES/OFB/ISO10126Padding 32 16
     * AES/PCBC/NoPadding 16 不支持
     * AES/PCBC/PKCS5Padding 32 16
     * AES/PCBC/ISO10126Padding 32 16
     *
     * 注：
     * 1、JCE中AES支持五中模式：CBC，CFB，ECB，OFB，PCBC；支持三种填充：NoPadding，PKCS5Padding，ISO10126Padding。 不带模式和填充来获取AES算法的时候，其默认使用ECB/PKCS5Padding。
     * 2、Java支持的密钥长度：keysize must be equal to 128, 192 or 256
     * 3、Java默认限制使用大于128的密钥加密（解密不受限制），报错信息：java.security.InvalidKeyException: Illegal key size or default parameters
     * 4、下载并安装JCE Policy文件即可突破128密钥长度的限制：覆盖jre\lib\security目录下local_policy.jar、US_export_policy.jar文件即可
     * 5、除ECB外，需提供初始向量（IV），如：Cipher.init(opmode, key, new IvParameterSpec(iv)), 且IV length: must be 16 bytes long
     */
    private static String ALGORITHM = "AES";
    private static int keySize = 128;
    private static final String TRANSFORMATION = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding";

    public static SecretKeySpec bulidKey(String password) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        SecureRandom secureRandom = SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG"); 
        secureRandom.setSeed(password.getBytes());
        kgen.init(keySize, secureRandom);
        SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey();
        byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();
        SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");
        return key;
    }

    /**
     * 加密
     *
     * @param content
     *            需要加密的内容
     * @param password
     *            加密密码
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] encrypt(String content, String password) {
        try {
            SecretKeySpec key = bulidKey(password);
            String iv = "jssjbyfkzzxsyjcs";//初始化向量参数，AES 为16bytes. DES 为8bytes.
            IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv.getBytes());     //增加了向量 这就是上面一个不用的地方
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION);// 创建密码器
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, ivSpec);// 初始化
            byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("gbk");
            byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent);
            return result; // 加密
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 加密
     *
     * @param content
     *            需要加密的内容
     * @param password
     *            加密密码
     * @return
     */
    public static String encrypt2Str(String content, String password) {
            return parseByte2HexStr(encrypt(content,password)); // 加密
    }

    /**
     * 解密
     *
     * @param content
     *            待解密内容
     * @param password
     *            解密密钥
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] content, String password) {
        try {
            SecretKeySpec key = bulidKey(password);
            String iv = "jssjbyfkzzxsyjcs";//初始化向量参数，AES 为16bytes. DES 为8bytes.
            IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv.getBytes());
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION);// 创建密码器
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, ivSpec);// 初始化
            byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(content);
            return result; // 解密
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 解密
     *
     * @param content
     *            待解密内容
     * @param password
     *            解密密钥
     * @return
     */
    public static String decryptStr(String content, String password) {
        byte[] decryptFrom = parseHexStr2Byte(content);
        byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(decryptFrom, password);
        String result = "--";
        try {
            result = new String(decryptResult,"gbk");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 将二进制转换成16进制
     *
     * @param buf
     * @return
     */
    public static String parseByte2HexStr(byte buf[]) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
            String hex = Integer.toHexString(buf[i] & 0xFF);
            if (hex.length() == 1) {
                hex = ‘0‘ + hex;
            }
            sb.append(hex.toUpperCase());
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 将16进制转换为二进制
     *
     * @param hexStr
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] parseHexStr2Byte(String hexStr) {
        if (hexStr.length() < 1)
            return null;
        byte[] result = new byte[hexStr.length() / 2];
        for (int i = 0; i < hexStr.length() / 2; i++) {
            int high = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i * 2, i * 2 + 1), 16);
            int low = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i * 2 + 1, i * 2 + 2),
                    16);
            result[i] = (byte) (high * 16 + low);
        }
        return result;
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String content = "山东省济南市槐荫区中大办事处裕华里";
        String password = "bc29c2f94e0e0355c346892a45bc2b42";
        // 加密971436EC53EED78C0A942FCA7900E1E7F13527CB29268B9B52DA3A6C7F804C1825AF87A0B8F550DE09055D42BED07EB7:长度:96
        System.out.println("加密前：" + content);
        byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password);
        String encryptResultStr = parseByte2HexStr(encryptResult);
        System.out.println("加密后：" + encryptResultStr+":长度:"+encryptResultStr.length());
        // 解密
        String decryptResult = decryptStr(encryptResultStr, password);
        System.out.println("解密后：" + decryptResult);
    }
}

//第三种   就是key的生成不同了  不是用  SecureRandom secureRandom = SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG"); 她生成的


import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

public class AESTest {

    public static void main(String args[]){
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("file.encoding"));
        String content = "123456781234567812345678";
        String password = "12345678";

        System.out.println("加密前" + content);
        byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password,16);
        System.out.println("加密后的16进制" + parseByte2HexStr(encryptResult));

        byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(encryptResult,password,16);
        System.out.println("解密后" + new String(decryptResult));


    }

  //加密
    public static byte[] encrypt(String content, String password, int keySize) {
            try {                             
                SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(ZeroPadding(password.getBytes(), keySize), "AES");
                Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
                byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes();
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
                byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent);
                return result;
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
    }

 //解密
    public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] content, String password, int keySize) {
            try {
                SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(ZeroPadding(password.getBytes(), keySize), "AES");
                Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
                cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
                byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(content);
                return result;
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
    }



    //16进制转化为二进制
    public static String parseByte2HexStr(byte buf[]) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
                String hex = Integer.toHexString(buf[i] & 0xFF);
                if (hex.length() == 1) {
                        hex = ‘0‘ + hex;
                }
                sb.append(hex.toUpperCase());
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

   //二进制转化为16进制
    public static byte[] parseHexStr2Byte(String hexStr) {
        if (hexStr.length() < 1)
                return null;
        byte[] result = new byte[hexStr.length()/2];
        for (int i = 0;i< hexStr.length()/2; i++) {
                int high = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i*2, i*2+1), 16);
                int low = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i*2+1, i*2+2), 16);
                result[i] = (byte) (high * 16 + low);
        }
        return result;
    }


    //最上方key生成需要的东西 这里是种子一定补全到128位   在下面个例子 password密码就不能随便写 就是因为没有这个
    public static byte[] ZeroPadding(byte[] in,Integer blockSize){
        Integer copyLen = in.length;
        if (copyLen > blockSize) {
            copyLen = blockSize;
        }
        byte[] out = new byte[blockSize];
        System.arraycopy(in, 0, out, 0, copyLen);
        return out;
    }

}

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;

import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

public class AESTest {

    /**
     * 加密
     *
     * @param content
     *            需要加密的内容
     * @param password
     *            加密密码
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] encrypt(String content, String password) {
        try {
            KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
            kgen.init(128, new SecureRandom(password.getBytes()));
            SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey();
            byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();
            SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");// 创建密码器
            byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("utf-8");
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化
            byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent);
            return result; // 加密
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 解密
     *
     * @param content
     *            待解密内容
     * @param password
     *            解密密钥
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] content, String password) {
        try {
            KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
            kgen.init(128, new SecureRandom(password.getBytes()));
            SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey();
            byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();
            SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");// 创建密码器
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化
            byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(content);
            return result; // 加密
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) {

        String content = "te大st";
        String password = "12345678";
        // 加密
        System.out.println("加密前：" + content);
        byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password);
        // 解密
        byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(encryptResult, password);
        System.out.println("解密后：" + new String(decryptResult));

    }

}

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