axios和promise

Posted 2021-02-06 TTLu

什么是axios

axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js

Features:

• Make XMLHttpRequests from the browser
• Make http requests from node.js
• Supports the Promise API
• Intercept request and response
• Transform request and response data
• Cancel requests
• Automatic transforms for JSON data
• Client side support for protecting against XSRF

使用方式有两种

第一种，直接 const axios = require(‘axioa’)后调用api

//Two ways to Send a POST request

axios.post(‘/user‘, {
    firstName: ‘Fred‘,
    lastName: ‘Flintstone‘
  })
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  });

axios({
  method: ‘post‘,
  url: ‘/user/12345‘,
  data: {
    firstName: ‘Fred‘,
    lastName: ‘Flintstone‘
  }
});

 

api:

axios.request(config)

axios.get(url[, config])

axios.delete(url[, config])

axios.head(url[, config])

axios.options(url[, config])

axios.post(url[, data[, config]])

axios.put(url[, data[, config]])

axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])

axios.all(iterable)

axios.spread(callback)

后两个方法用于处理concurrent requests

第二种使用实例化了的对象

axios.create([config])

const instance = axios.create({
  baseURL: ‘https://some-domain.com/api/‘,
  timeout: 1000,
  headers: {‘X-Custom-Header‘: ‘foobar‘}
});

Instance methods:

request(config)

get(url[, config])

delete(url[, config])

head(url[, config])

options(url[, config])

post(url[, data[, config]])

put(url[, data[, config]])

patch(url[, data[, config]])

getUri([config])

个人觉得这种特别适用于有很多的service api调用的时候，这样可以统一配置请求的url，如baseURL;

instance({
    url: ‘/info/devices/‘,
    method: ‘get‘
  });

Request Config

 好大一篇，好些我都没有用到，也不能明确知道它是干 什么用，有待慢慢的展开学习。

{
  url: ‘/user‘,
  method: ‘get‘, // default
  // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
  // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
  // to methods of that instance.
  baseURL: ‘https://some-domain.com/api/‘,

  // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
  // This is only applicable for request methods ‘PUT‘, ‘POST‘, and ‘PATCH‘
  // The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
  // FormData or Stream
  // You may modify the headers object.
  transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data

    return data;
  }],

  // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
  // it is passed to then/catch
  transformResponse: [function (data) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data

    return data;
  }],

  // `headers` are custom headers to be sent
  headers: {‘X-Requested-With‘: ‘XMLHttpRequest‘},

  // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
  // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
  // what is a URLSearchParams object
  // var paramsString = "q=URLUtils.searchParams&topic=api";
  // var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(paramsString);
  params: {
    ID: 12345
  },

  // `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params`
  // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/)
  paramsSerializer: function (params) {
    return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: ‘brackets‘})
  },

  // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
  // Only applicable for request methods ‘PUT‘, ‘POST‘, and ‘PATCH‘
  // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
  // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
  // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
  // - Node only: Stream, Buffer
  data: {
    firstName: ‘Fred‘
  },
  timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)

  // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
  // should be made using credentials
  withCredentials: false, // default

  // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
  // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md).
  adapter: function (config) {
    /* ... */
  },

  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  auth: {
    username: ‘janedoe‘,
    password: ‘s00pers3cret‘
  },

  // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
  // options are ‘arraybuffer‘, ‘blob‘, ‘document‘, ‘json‘, ‘text‘, ‘stream‘
  responseType: ‘json‘, // default

  // `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses
  // Note: Ignored for `responseType` of ‘stream‘ or client-side requests
  responseEncoding: ‘utf8‘, // default

  // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
  xsrfCookieName: ‘XSRF-TOKEN‘, // default

  // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
  xsrfHeaderName: ‘X-XSRF-TOKEN‘, // default

  // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
  onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
    // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
  },

  // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
  onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
    // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
  },

  // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed
  maxContentLength: 2000,

  // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
  // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
  // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
  // rejected.
  validateStatus: function (status) {
    return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
  },

  // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
  // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
  maxRedirects: 5, // default

  // `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js.
  // e.g. ‘/var/run/docker.sock‘ to send requests to the docker daemon.
  // Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified.
  // If both are specified, `socketPath` is used.
  socketPath: null, // default

  // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
  // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like
  // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default.
  httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
  httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),

  // ‘proxy‘ defines the hostname and port of the proxy server.
  // You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and
  // `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables
  // for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment
  // variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied.
  // Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables.
  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and
  // supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  proxy: {
    host: ‘127.0.0.1‘,
    port: 9000,
    auth: {
      username: ‘mikeymike‘,
      password: ‘rapunz3l‘
    }
  },

  // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
  // (see Cancellation section below for details)
  cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
  })
}

可以通过defaults属性来取得request config里各项的值，还可以重新赋值

更改全局的axios的defaults

axios.defaults.baseURL = ‘https://api.example.com‘;
axios.defaults.headers.common[‘Authorization‘] = AUTH_TOKEN;
axios.defaults.headers.post[‘Content-Type‘] = ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded‘;

更改某个实例的defaults

instance.defaults.headers.common[‘Authorization‘] = AUTH_TOKEN;

Response Schema

{
  data: {},
  status: 200,
  statusText: ‘OK‘,

  // `headers` the headers that the server responded with
  // All header names are lower cased
  headers: {},

  // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
  config: {},

  // `request` is the request that generated this response
  // It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
  // and an XMLHttpRequest instance the browser
  request: {}
}

  当出错时，会进行catch进行错误处理

axios.get(‘/user/12345‘)
  .catch(function (error) {
    if (error.response) {
      // The request was made and the server responded with a status code
      // that falls out of the range of 2xx
      console.log(error.response.data);
      console.log(error.response.status);
      console.log(error.response.headers);
    } else if (error.request) {
      // The request was made but no response was received
      // `error.request` is an instance of XMLHttpRequest in the browser and an instance of
      // http.ClientRequest in node.js
      console.log(error.request);
    } else {
      // Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error
      console.log(‘Error‘, error.message);
    }
    console.log(error.config);
  });

配置response.status是多少时，触发reject

axios.get(‘/user/12345‘, {
  validateStatus: function (status) {
    return status < 500; // Reject only if the status code is greater than or equal to 500
  }
})

Interceptors

 重头戏在最后了

You can intercept requests or responses before they are handled by then or catch.

还是两种途径，全局加、单例加

只展示单例加interceptors的代码吧，可以在这里统一的出处理一些事件，只让前端观注view

const service = axios.create({
  baseURL: ‘http://somedomain.com/api/‘, 
  timeout: 300000 
})

// request interceptors
service.interceptors.request.use(config => {
  //发送请求前，头部加上token值
  if (store.getters.token && config.url !== ‘/login‘) {
    config.headers.common[‘Authorization‘] = [‘Bearer‘, getToken()].join(‘ ‘);
  } else {
    config.headers.common[‘Authorization‘] = ‘‘;
  }
  return config
}, error => {
  Promise.reject(error)
})

// respone interceptor
service.interceptors.response.use(
  response => response,
  error => {
    let msg= ‘‘;
    if (error.response && error.response.status) {
      const status = error.response.status;
      switch (status) {
        case 401:
          router.replace({
            path: ‘/‘
          });
          break;
        default:
          break;
      }
    }
    if (!error.response) { 
        msg = ‘访问超时‘;
    } 
    console.log(msg );
    return Promise.reject(msg);
     
  })

什么是promise

在调用一个不能立即返回结果的方法或耗时很长的方法时，promise可以帮助在方法有返回值返回时，用resolve和reject来处理返回结果。

new Promise( function(resolve, reject) {...} /* executor */  );

 它有三个状态: pending ,fulfilled, rejected。

resolve对应执行then的参数function.

reject对应执行catch的参数function.

它可以用来配合axios, setTimeout一起使用。

var pro = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  axios.get({
    url:‘http://website.com/api/data‘
  }).then(response => {
    resolve(response.data);
  }).catch(error => {
    reject(error);
  })
});
pro.then(data=>{
  console.log(data);
}).catch(error=>{
  console.log(error);
});

promise还有两个方法,Promise.all / Promise.race

Promise.all(iterable)这个方法返回一个新的promise对象，该promise对象在iterable参数对象里所有的promise对象都成功的时候才会触发成功，一旦有任何一个iterable里面的promise对象失败则立即触发该promise对象的失败。这个新的promise对象在触发成功状态以后，会把一个包含iterable里所有promise返回值的数组作为成功回调的返回值，顺序跟iterable的顺序保持一致；如果这个新的promise对象触发了失败状态，它会把iterable里第一个触发失败的promise对象的错误信息作为它的失败错误信息。Promise.all方法常被用于处理多个promise对象的状态集合

Promise.race(iterable)当iterable参数里的任意一个子promise被成功或失败后，父promise马上也会用子promise的成功返回值或失败详情作为参数调用父promise绑定的相应句柄，并返回该promise对象。

通常而言，如果你不知道一个值是否是Promise对象，使用Promise.resolve(value) 来返回一个Promise对象,这样就能将该value以Promise对象形式使用。