tomcat初始化失败的问题
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参考技术A 项目中的pom出现 <scope>provided</scope>时，出现tomcat初始化失败问题。某一个类在IDEA调试时候不到
这个很诡异，因为看IDEA界面，这个jar事实上已经被加载了，但就是运行调试时候报错找不到。
最后发现原来此项目设置了部分jar用provided注释掉，这表示 provided表明该包只在编译和测试的时候用。
如果想要调试，还不希望修改pom文件，则需要在IntelliJ IDEA中做相关设置：
"Configuration" ---> “Use classpath of module”
需要勾选 Include dependencies with “Provided” scope。这样调试时候可以用到，又不用修改pom文件
Tomcat - 上下文初始化失败
【中文标题】Tomcat - 上下文初始化失败【英文标题】：Tomcat - Context initialization failed 【发布时间】：2015-09-09 16:09:04 【问题描述】：我正在使用 Spring STS 和 Spring Roo。我正在使用this 教程对数据库进行逆向工程。但是当我尝试在服务器（Pivotal tc 服务器，这是一个 tomcat 服务器）上运行时，我收到以下错误。
2015-06-23 11:37:48,509 [localhost-startStop-1] ERROR org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader - Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException: Configuration problem: Failed to read candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/C:/Users/subhransu.mishra/Desktop/sts-bundle/pivotal-tc-server-developer-3.1.0.RELEASE/tomcat-8.0.20.B.RELEASE/lib/tcServer3.jar!/com/springsource/tcserver/oracle/OracleDataSourceWrapper.class]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [oracle/jdbc/pool/OracleDataSourceFactory.class] cannot be opened because it does not exist
Offending resource: file [C:\Users\subhransu.mishra\Desktop\sts-bundle\pivotal-tc-server-developer-3.1.0.RELEASE\base-instance\wtpwebapps\GOPHERGUI\WEB-INF\classes\META-INF\spring\applicationContext-jpa.xml]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Failed to read candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/C:/Users/subhransu.mishra/Desktop/sts-bundle/pivotal-tc-server-developer-3.1.0.RELEASE/tomcat-8.0.20.B.RELEASE/lib/tcServer3.jar!/com/springsource/tcserver/oracle/OracleDataSourceWrapper.class]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [oracle/jdbc/pool/OracleDataSourceFactory.class] cannot be opened because it does not exist
org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:451)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Failed to read candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/C:/Users/subhransu.mishra/Desktop/sts-bundle/pivotal-tc-server-developer-3.1.0.RELEASE/tomcat-8.0.20.B.RELEASE/lib/tcServer3.jar!/com/springsource/tcserver/oracle/OracleDataSourceWrapper.class]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [oracle/jdbc/pool/OracleDataSourceFactory.class] cannot be opened because it does not exist
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.findCandidateComponents(ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.java:290)
at org.springframework.data.repository.config.RepositoryConfigurationSourceSupport.getCandidates(RepositoryConfigurationSourceSupport.java:68)
at org.springframework.data.repository.config.RepositoryConfigurationExtensionSupport.getRepositoryConfigurations(RepositoryConfigurationExtensionSupport.java:53)
at org.springframework.data.repository.config.RepositoryBeanDefinitionParser.parse(RepositoryBeanDefinitionParser.java:69)
... 34 more
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [oracle/jdbc/pool/OracleDataSourceFactory.class] cannot be opened because it does not exist
POM文件：（更新：添加ojdbc，更新mysql驱动到5.1.35）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com</groupId>
<artifactId>GOPHERWEB</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.1.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>GOPHERWEB</name>
<properties>
<aspectj.version>1.8.1</aspectj.version>
<java.version>7</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<roo.version>1.3.1.RC1</roo.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>
<spring.version>3.2.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>codelds</id>
<url>https://code.lds.org/nexus/content/groups/main-repo</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>spring-maven-release</id>
<name>Spring Maven Release Repository</name>
<url>http://maven.springframework.org/release</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>spring-maven-milestone</id>
<name>Spring Maven Milestone Repository</name>
<url>http://maven.springframework.org/milestone</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>spring-roo-repository</id>
<name>Spring Roo Repository</name>
<url>http://spring-roo-repository.springsource.org/release</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>spring-maven-release</id>
<name>Spring Maven Release Repository</name>
<url>http://maven.springframework.org/release</url>
</pluginRepository>
<pluginRepository>
<id>spring-maven-milestone</id>
<name>Spring Maven Milestone Repository</name>
<url>http://maven.springframework.org/milestone</url>
</pluginRepository>
<pluginRepository>
<id>spring-roo-repository</id>
<name>Spring Roo Repository</name>
<url>http://spring-roo-repository.springsource.org/release</url>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
<dependencies>
<!-- General dependencies for standard applications -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>$slf4j.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
<artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
<version>11.2.0.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>$slf4j.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>$slf4j.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>$aspectj.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>$aspectj.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.flexjson</groupId>
<artifactId>flexjson</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ROO dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.roo</groupId>
<artifactId>org.springframework.roo.annotations</artifactId>
<version>$roo.version</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.35</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.Final</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>dom4j</groupId>
<artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>3.2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>4.3.2.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0.GA</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>
<artifactId>jta</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-pool</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>
<version>1.5.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>xml-apis</groupId>
<artifactId>xml-apis</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-js-resources</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-digester</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-digester</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl-impl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
<version>1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tiles</groupId>
<artifactId>tiles-jsp</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<!-- <configuration> <webXml>target/web.xml</webXml> </configuration> -->
<configuration>
<webResources>
<resource>
<excludes>
<exclude>dbre.xml</exclude>
</excludes>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
</resource>
</webResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>$java.version</source>
<target>$java.version</target>
<encoding>$project.build.sourceEncoding</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectj-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
<dependencies>
<!-- NB: You must use Maven 2.0.9 or above or these are ignored (see MNG-2972) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>$aspectj.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjtools</artifactId>
<version>$aspectj.version</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>process-sources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
<goal>test-compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<outxml>true</outxml>
<aspectLibraries>
<aspectLibrary>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
</aspectLibrary>
</aspectLibraries>
<source>$java.version</source>
<target>$java.version</target>
<!--
Aspects in src/main/java and src/main/aspects are added as default in the
compile goal.
Aspects in src/test/java and src/test/aspects are added as default in the
test-compile goal.
Aspects in src/main/java are added in the test-compile goal
if weaveWithAspectsInMainSourceFolder is set to true
-->
<weaveWithAspectsInMainSourceFolder>false</weaveWithAspectsInMainSourceFolder>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
<configuration>
<encoding>$project.build.sourceEncoding</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.12</version>
<configuration>
<printSummary>false</printSummary>
<redirectTestOutputToFile>true</redirectTestOutputToFile>
<excludes>
<exclude>**/*_Roo_*</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<configuration>
<descriptorRefs>
<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
</plugin>
<!-- IDE -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
<!-- Note 2.8 does not work with AspectJ aspect path -->
<configuration>
<downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
<downloadJavadocs>false</downloadJavadocs>
<wtpversion>2.0</wtpversion>
<additionalBuildcommands>
<buildCommand>
<name>org.eclipse.ajdt.core.ajbuilder</name>
<arguments>
<aspectPath>org.springframework.aspects</aspectPath>
</arguments>
</buildCommand>
<buildCommand>
<name>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springbuilder</name>
</buildCommand>
</additionalBuildcommands>
<additionalProjectnatures>
<projectnature>org.eclipse.ajdt.ui.ajnature</projectnature>
<projectnature>com.springsource.sts.roo.core.nature</projectnature>
<projectnature>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature</projectnature>
</additionalProjectnatures>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-idea-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
<dependenciesAsLibraries>true</dependenciesAsLibraries>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>8.1.4.v20120524</version>
<configuration>
<webAppConfig>
<contextPath>/$project.name</contextPath>
</webAppConfig>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Persistence.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="2.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
<persistence-unit name="persistenceUnit" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
<provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
<properties>
<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect"/>
<!-- value="create" to build a new database on each run; value="update" to modify an existing database; value="create-drop" means the same as "create" but also drops tables when Hibernate closes; value="validate" makes no changes to the database -->
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="none"/>
<property name="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy" value="org.hibernate.cfg.DefaultNamingStrategy"/>
<property name="hibernate.connection.charSet" value="UTF-8"/>
<!-- Uncomment the following two properties for JBoss only -->
<!-- property name="hibernate.validator.apply_to_ddl" value="false" /-->
<!-- property name="hibernate.validator.autoregister_listeners" value="false" /-->
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
更新
添加 ojdbc maven 依赖项后出现新错误。现在它显示mysql错误。但是有mysql依赖。
2015-06-30 13:15:11,216 [localhost-startStop-1] ERROR org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader - Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException: Configuration problem: Failed to read candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/C:/Users/subhransu.mishra/Downloads/sts-bundle/pivotal-tc-server-developer-3.1.0.RELEASE/base-instance/wtpwebapps/GOPHERWEB/WEB-INF/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.35.jar!/com/mysql/fabric/hibernate/FabricMultiTenantConnectionProvider.class]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [org/hibernate/service/jdbc/connections/spi/MultiTenantConnectionProvider.class] cannot be opened because it does not exist
Offending resource: file [C:\Users\subhransu.mishra\Downloads\sts-bundle\pivotal-tc-server-developer-3.1.0.RELEASE\base-instance\wtpwebapps\GOPHERWEB\WEB-INF\classes\META-INF\spring\applicationContext-jpa.xml]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Failed to read candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/C:/Users/subhransu.mishra/Downloads/sts-bundle/pivotal-tc-server-developer-3.1.0.RELEASE/base-instance/wtpwebapps/GOPHERWEB/WEB-INF/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.35.jar!/com/mysql/fabric/hibernate/FabricMultiTenantConnectionProvider.class]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [org/hibernate/service/jdbc/connections/spi/MultiTenantConnectionProvider.class] cannot be opened because it does not exist
【问题讨论】：
该错误抱怨缺少 oracle 类，该类是 Oracle JDBC 驱动程序的一部分。我在你的 pom 中看不到对 oracle JDBC 驱动程序的任何依赖。 但是我指定了mysql，persistence setup --provider HIBERNATE --database MYSQL 。并且还提供了mysql驱动的位置。我还应该添加oracle依赖吗？
显然扫描了一个类tcServer，依赖于这个类。
谢谢，很有帮助。但是现在又出现了新的错误，和mysql有关？请检查更新部分。
这似乎是版本不匹配：错误消息表明预期为 5.1.35，但在 pom 中指定了 5.1.18
【参考方案1】：
您收到 FileNotFoundException 因为它不在您的类路径中。请检查类路径中的 jar（特别是 jar 包中的此类）并尝试切换到最新版本的 mysql-connector.jar。这可能是 mysql-connector 和 hibernate jar 之间的兼容性问题。
【讨论】：
您好，已更新 mysql 连接器，但未在此处更新 pom 文件。对此感到抱歉。【参考方案2】：这个问题已经在“5.1.30”版本的mysql jar中解决了。查看链接： http://forums.mysql.com/read.php?39,612977,612977
需要在 pom.xml 中升级 mysql-coonector jar 版本。
请注意，这应该是对“Taoufik Mohdit”的支持评论，但我没有足够的声誉。
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：mysql-connector jar 中的类com.mysql.fabric.hibernate.FabricMultiTenantConnectionProvider 使用org.hibernate.service.jdbc.connections.spi.MultiTenantConnectionProvider 接口来自 hibernate-core jar，它不在版本 4.3.6.Final 中的正确包下（它在那里但在不同的包下：org.hibernate.engine .jdbc.connections.spi）。 hibernate-core 版本 4.3.9.Final 在正确的包 (org.hibernate.service.jdbc.connections.spi) 中有这个类。
总而言之，如果您将 hibernate-core 升级到 4.3.9.Final，这应该有望解决问题。
【讨论】：
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