Android 静默安装(自动安装)和静默卸载的实现方法

Posted 2023-02-09 wulianghuan

1 简单介绍

目前很多应用市场，做了静默安装的功能，静默安装就是无声无息的在后台安装apk，没有任何界面提示。智能安装就是有安装界面，但全部是自动的，不需要用户去点击。

首先强调两点：静默安装必须要root权限 智能安装必须要用户手动开启无障碍服务。

2 原理

静默安装、卸载的原理就是利用pm install命令来安装apk，pm uninstall 来卸载apk. 智能安装是利用android系统提供的无障碍服务AccessibilityService，来模拟用户点击，从而自动安装.

3 pm命令介绍

(1) pm install

pm install 命令的用法及参数解释如下:

pm install [-l][-r] [-t] [-i INSTALLER_PACKAGE_NAME] [-s] [-f] PATH

 

Options:

  -l: install the package with FORWARD_LOCK.

  -r: reinstall an exisiting app, keeping itsdata.

  -t: allow test .apks to be installed.

  -i: specify the installer package name.

  -s: install package on sdcard.

  -f: install package on internal flash.

(2) pm uninstall

pm uninstall 命令的用法及参数解释如下:

pm uninstall[-k] PACKAGE

 

Options:

  -k: keep the data and cache directoriesaround.

上面英语很简单，不解释了.

4 静默安装

为了方便演示，我把爱奇艺的安装包重命名为test.apk后放在了sdcard上。你可以自己去爱奇艺官网去下载，也可以自己找一个apk放到sdcard上，但是要知道apk的包名，后面卸载的时候要用到。

先上代码：

//静默安装

    private void installSlient()

        String cmd = "pm install -r/mnt/sdcard/test.apk";

        Process process = null;

        DataOutputStream os = null;

        BufferedReader successResult = null;

        BufferedReader errorResult = null;

        StringBuilder successMsg = null;

        StringBuilder errorMsg = null;

        try

            //静默安装需要root权限

            process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");

            os = newDataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());

            os.write(cmd.getBytes());

            os.writeBytes("\\n");

            os.writeBytes("exit\\n");

            os.flush();

            //执行命令

            process.waitFor();

            //获取返回结果

            successMsg = new StringBuilder();

            errorMsg = new StringBuilder();

            successResult = newBufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));

            errorResult = newBufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));

            String s;

            while ((s =successResult.readLine()) != null)

                successMsg.append(s);

           

            while ((s = errorResult.readLine())!= null)

                errorMsg.append(s);

           

        catch (Exception e)

            e.printStackTrace();

        finally

            try

                if (os != null)

                    os.close();

                

                if (process != null)

                    process.destroy();

               

                if (successResult != null)

                    successResult.close();

               

                if (errorResult != null)

                    errorResult.close();

               

            catch (Exception e)

                e.printStackTrace();

           

       

        //显示结果

        tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() +"\\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString());

   

这段代码就是在程序中执行pm命令，和在adb下执行 pm install -r /mnt/sdcard/test.apk 效果是一样的, 关键的代码是 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(“su”) ，这段代码会要求获取root权限，所以你的手机必须root，不想root的话，直接用模拟器也可以。

通过 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(“su”) 获取到 process 对象后就可以写入命令了，每写入一条命令就要换行，写入‘\\n’ 即可，最后写入exit后离开命令执行的环境.

5 静默卸载

静默卸载和静默安装是一样的，只是命令不同，静默卸载需要用到包名，同样，静默卸载也需要root权限

看代码：

//爱奇艺apk的包名

private staticfinal String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.qiyi.video";

//静默卸载

    private void uninstallSlient()

        String cmd = "pm uninstall "+ PACKAGE_NAME;

        Process process = null;

        DataOutputStream os = null;

        BufferedReader successResult = null;

        BufferedReader errorResult = null;

        StringBuilder successMsg = null;

        StringBuilder errorMsg = null;

        try

            //卸载也需要root权限

            process =Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");

            os = newDataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());

            os.write(cmd.getBytes());

            os.writeBytes("\\n");

            os.writeBytes("exit\\n");

            os.flush();

            //执行命令

            process.waitFor();

            //获取返回结果

            successMsg = new StringBuilder();

            errorMsg = new StringBuilder();

            successResult = newBufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));

            errorResult = newBufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));

            String s;

            while ((s =successResult.readLine()) != null)

                successMsg.append(s);

           

            while ((s = errorResult.readLine())!= null)

                errorMsg.append(s);

           

        catch (Exception e)

            e.printStackTrace();

        finally

            try

                if (os != null)

                    os.close();

               

                if (process != null)

                    process.destroy();

               

                if (successResult != null)

                    successResult.close();

               

                if (errorResult != null)

                    errorResult.close();

               

            catch (Exception e)

                e.printStackTrace();

           

       

        //显示结果

        tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() +"\\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString());

   

和静默安装一样的代码就不解释了。还有，如果你不知道一个apk的包名，那么请反编译后去看AndroidManifest.xml文件，如果这个文件打开全是乱码，说明是被混淆过的，那么直接安装它，然后到/data/data下面去找它的包，当然，手机得root才能进/data/data目录。

6 智能安装

智能安装就稍微麻烦点了，原理是用到了android提供的AccessibilityService服务，这个服务可以获取屏幕上的节点，一个节点也就是一个view，我们写的xml文件中每个标签就是一个节点，然后可以模拟用户的操作，对这些节点进行点击、滑动等操作。我们就是利用这个原理，来自动点击安装按钮的，当然使用这个服务必须用户手动开启无障碍服务。下面我们来看具体的实现方法。

(1) 创建AccessibilityService配置文件

在res目录下创建xml目录，然后在xml目录下创建一个accessibility_service_config.xml文件，内容如下

res/xml/accessibility_service_config.xml:

accessibilityEventTypes:指定我们在监听窗口中可以模拟哪些事件，typeAllMask表示所有的事件都能模拟.

accessibilityFeedbackType:指定无障碍服务的反馈方式.

canRetrieveWindowContent:指定是否允许我们的程序读取窗口中的节点和内容，当然是true.

description: 当用户手动配置服务时，会显示给用户看.

packageNames: 指定我们要监听哪个应用程序下的窗口活动，这里写com.android.packageinstaller表示监听Android系统的安装界面。

其余参数照写即可。

res/strings.xml:

 

    SlientInstallTest

    智能安装app功能演示

(2) 创建AccessibilityService服务

public classMyAccessibilityService extends AccessibilityService

 

    private static final String TAG ="[TAG]";

    private Map handleMap = newHashMap<>();

 

    @Override

    public voidonAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event)

        AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo =event.getSource();

        if (nodeInfo != null)

            int eventType =event.getEventType();

            if (eventType ==AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED || eventType ==AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED)

                if(handleMap.get(event.getWindowId()) == null)

                    boolean handled =iterateNodesAndHandle(nodeInfo);

                    if (handled)

                       handleMap.put(event.getWindowId(), true);

                   

               

           

 

       

   

 

    @Override

    public void onInterrupt()

 

   

 

    //遍历节点，模拟点击安装按钮

    private booleaniterateNodesAndHandle(AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo)

        if (nodeInfo != null)

            int childCount =nodeInfo.getChildCount();

            if("android.widget.Button".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName()))

                String nodeCotent =nodeInfo.getText().toString();

                Log.d(TAG, "content is:" + nodeCotent);

                if ("安装".equals(nodeCotent) || "完成".equals(nodeCotent) || "确定".equals(nodeCotent))

                   nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK);

                    return true;

               

           

            //遇到ScrollView的时候模拟滑动一下

            else if("android.widget.ScrollView".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName()))

               nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD);

            

            for (int i = 0; i < childCount;i++)

                AccessibilityNodeInfochildNodeInfo = nodeInfo.getChild(i);

                if(iterateNodesAndHandle(childNodeInfo))

                    return true;

               

            

       

        return false;

   

当进入apk安装界面就会回调onAccessibilityEvent()这个方法，我们只关心TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED和TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED两个事件，为了防止重复处理事件，用一个map来过滤事件，后面递归遍历节点，找到’安装’ ‘完成’ ‘确定’ 的按钮，就点击，由于安装界面需要滚动一下才能出现安装按钮，所以遇到ScrollView的时候就滚动一下.

(3) 在AndroidManifest中配置服务

 

 

   

       

           

               

 

               

           

       

 

       

           

               

           

           

       

   

重点是后面的service标签:

android:label：这个就是用户看到的无障碍服务的名称

android:permission:需要用到BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE这个权限.

action:android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService 有了这个action，用户才能在设置里面看到我们的服务，否则用户无法开启我们写的服务，也就不能进到我们写的MyAccessibilityService里面了.所以，注意不要写错了，如果你发现无障碍服务里面没有我们写的服务，请检查这里.

(4) 调用智能安装代码

前面准备工作完毕后，现在要用了,调用智能安装的代码如下：

 //智能安装

    private void smartInstall()

        Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(newFile("/mnt/sdcard/test.apk"));

        Intent localIntent = newIntent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);

        localIntent.setDataAndType(uri,"application/vnd.android.package-archive");

        startActivity(localIntent);

   

(5) 手动配置智能安装服务

代码运行之后，还要用户选择开启智能安装服务，让用户自己去找是不明智的，因此，我们要主动跳到配置界面，代码如下：

//跳转到开启智能安装服务的界面

Intent intent =new Intent(Settings.ACTION_ACCESSIBILITY_SETTINGS);

startActivity(intent);

配置如下图:

 

看到了吗，上面显示的就是Service里面的label的值，如果你没有上面的选项，请检查AndroidManifest里面Service的配置.

点击’智能安装App’,开启服务，如下图：

 

其中的提示文字就是我们在res/xml/accessibility_service_config.xml文件中配置的description属性

7 只能我们写的app可以自动安装

这样写完代码可以运行，点击按钮自动安装sdcard上的test.apk.但是你会发现，所有apk都会自动安装，这就不符合我们的要求了，我们要求只能通过我们写的app来自动安装，其他apk还是要用户手动去点。怎么解决这个问题呢？

思路是：在MainActivity中创建一个public static boolean flag,在MyAccessibilityService的onAccessibilityEvent()中加一个flag判断，然后调用智能安装前flag设为true,创建apk安装事件的广播接收器，当apk安装完成后，设置falg为false，这样其他apk就不能自动安装了，就解决了这个问题

下面上完整代码.

8 完整代码

app/MainActivity.java:

public classMainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener

 

    private static final String TAG ="[TAG][MainActivity]";

    private static final String PACKAGE_NAME ="com.qiyi.video";

    private String apkPath ="/mnt/sdcard/test.apk";

    public static boolean flag = false;//控制只能自己的app才能执行智能安装

    private TextView tvTest;

    private MyInstallReceiver receiver;

 

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState)

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        tvTest = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv_test);

       findViewById(R.id.btn_install).setOnClickListener(this);

       findViewById(R.id.btn_uninstall).setOnClickListener(this);

        findViewById(R.id.btn_set).setOnClickListener(this);

       findViewById(R.id.btn_smart_install).setOnClickListener(this);

        //注册apk安装监听

        receiver = new MyInstallReceiver();

        IntentFilter filter = newIntentFilter();

       filter.addAction("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED");

       filter.addAction("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED");

       filter.addDataScheme("package");

        this.registerReceiver(receiver,filter);

   

 

 

    @Override

    public void onClick(View v)

        switch (v.getId())

            //静默安装

            case R.id.btn_install:

                installSlient();

                break;

            //静默卸载

            case R.id.btn_uninstall:

                uninstallSlient();

                break;

            //设置无障碍服务

            case R.id.btn_set:

                //跳转到开启无障碍服务的界面

                Intent intent = newIntent(Settings.ACTION_ACCESSIBILITY_SETTINGS);

                startActivity(intent);

                break;

            //智能安装

            case R.id.btn_smart_install:

                //控制只能自己的app才能智能安装

                flag = true;

                smartInstall();

                break;

       

   

 

    //静默安装

    private void installSlient()

        String cmd = "pm install -r/mnt/sdcard/test.apk";

        Process process = null;

        DataOutputStream os = null;

        BufferedReader successResult = null;

        BufferedReader errorResult = null;

        StringBuilder successMsg = null;

        StringBuilder errorMsg = null;

        try

            //静默安装需要root权限

            process =Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");

            os = newDataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());

            os.write(cmd.getBytes());

            os.writeBytes("\\n");

            os.writeBytes("exit\\n");

            os.flush();

            //执行命令

            process.waitFor();

            //获取返回结果

            successMsg = new StringBuilder();

            errorMsg = new StringBuilder();

            successResult = newBufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));

            errorResult = newBufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));

            String s;

            while ((s = successResult.readLine())!= null)

                successMsg.append(s);

           

            while ((s = errorResult.readLine())!= null)

                errorMsg.append(s);

           

        catch (Exception e)

            e.printStackTrace();

        finally

            try

                if (os != null)

                    os.close();

               

                if (process != null)

                    process.destroy();

               

                if (successResult != null)

                    successResult.close();

               

                if (errorResult != null)

                    errorResult.close();

               

            catch (Exception e)

                e.printStackTrace();

           

       

        //显示结果

        tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() +"\\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString());

   

 

    //静默卸载

    private void uninstallSlient()

        String cmd = "pm uninstall "+ PACKAGE_NAME;

        Process process = null;

        DataOutputStream os = null;

        BufferedReader successResult = null;

        BufferedReader errorResult = null;

        StringBuilder successMsg = null;

        StringBuilder errorMsg = null;

        try

            //卸载也需要root权限

            process =Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");

            os = newDataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());

            os.write(cmd.getBytes());

            os.writeBytes("\\n");

            os.writeBytes("exit\\n");

            os.flush();

            //执行命令

            process.waitFor();

            //获取返回结果

            successMsg = new StringBuilder();

            errorMsg = new StringBuilder();

            successResult = newBufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));

            errorResult = newBufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));

            String s;

            while ((s =successResult.readLine()) != null)

                successMsg.append(s);

           

            while ((s = errorResult.readLine())!= null)

                errorMsg.append(s);

           

        catch (Exception e)

            e.printStackTrace();

        finally

            try

                if (os != null)

                    os.close();

               

                if (process != null)

                    process.destroy();

               

                if (successResult != null)

                    successResult.close();

               

                if (errorResult != null)

                    errorResult.close();

               

            catch (Exception e)

                e.printStackTrace();

           

       

        //显示结果

        tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() +"\\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString());

   

 

    //智能安装

    private void smartInstall()

        Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(newFile(apkPath));

        Intent localIntent = newIntent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);

        localIntent.setDataAndType(uri,"application/vnd.android.package-archive");

        startActivity(localIntent);

   

 

    //监听apk安装

    private class MyInstallReceiver extendsBroadcastReceiver

 

        @Override

        public void onReceive(Context context,Intent intent)

            if(intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED"))     // install

                String packageName =intent.getDataString();

                Log.i(TAG, "安装了 :" + packageName);

                //安装完毕，设置flag，从而使得其余的apk不能自动安装

                flag = false;

           

            if(intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED"))   // uninstall

                String packageName =intent.getDataString();

                Log.i(TAG, "卸载了 :" + packageName);

           

       

   

 

    @Override

    protected void onDestroy()

        super.onDestroy();

        if (receiver != null)

            unregisterReceiver(receiver);

       

   

界面上就三个按钮

res/layout/activity_main.xml:

 

 

 

   

 

服务配置文件

res/xml/accessibility_service_config.xml

智能安装服务

app/MyAccessibilityService.java:

public classMyAccessibilityService extends AccessibilityService

 

    private static final String TAG ="[TAG]";

    private Map handleMap = newHashMap<>();

 

    @Override

    public voidonAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event)

        AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo =event.getSource();

        if (nodeInfo != null &&MainActivity.flag)

            int eventType = event.getEventType();

            if (eventType ==AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED || eventType ==AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED)

                if(handleMap.get(event.getWindowId()) == null)

                    boolean handled =iterateNodesAndHandle(nodeInfo);

                    if (handled)

                       handleMap.put(event.getWindowId(), true);

                   

               

           

 

       

   

 

    @Override

    public void onInterrupt()

 

   

 

    //遍历节点，模拟点击安装按钮

    private booleaniterateNodesAndHandle(AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo)

        if (nodeInfo != null)

            int childCount =nodeInfo.getChildCount();

            if ("android.widget.Button".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName()))

                String nodeCotent =nodeInfo.getText().toString();

                Log.d(TAG, "content is:" + nodeCotent);

                if ("安装".equals(nodeCotent) || "完成".equals(nodeCotent) || "确定".equals(nodeCotent))

                   nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK);

                    return true;

               

           

            //遇到ScrollView的时候模拟滑动一下

            else if("android.widget.ScrollView".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName()))

               nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD);

           

            for (int i = 0; i < childCount;i++)

                AccessibilityNodeInfochildNodeInfo = nodeInfo.getChild(i);

                if(iterateNodesAndHandle(childNodeInfo))

                    return true;

               

           

       

        return false;

   

 

注意：请把自己要安装的apk放到sdcard上，并且修改代码中的apk路径和包名

9 运行效果

 

 

10 总结

Android智能安装的原理就是利用了类似钩子的服务，这个服务还可以用于微信抢红包的开发，怎么样，是不是比ios好玩儿的多呢.