retrofit 2 支持rxjava2了吗
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参考技术A ,一、 简介 Retrofit是Square公司开发的一款针对android网络请求的框架,Retrofit2底层基于OkHttp实现的,OkHttp现在已经得到Google官方认可,大量的app都采用OkHttp做网络请求,其源码详见OkHttp Github。 本文全部是在Retrofit2.0+版本基础上论... 参考技术B retrofit使用RxJava2的Adapter适配器已经出来了。compile 'com.jakewharton.retrofit:retrofit2-rxjava2-adapter:1.0.0'
或者
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:latest.version' 参考技术C 貌似还没有支持
retrofit2+rxjava+mockserver使用和理解
特点概要
Square的retrofit作为目前android比较火的网络框架,具有以下特点:
1、rest api 风格
2、网络核心使用优秀开源框架okttp,其本身致力于组装request和便捷转换response。
3、代码简洁,拓展性高,开发包只有90k左右
4、支持RxJava、Guava、Java8等适配器。
简单使用
案例是一个简单的登陆请求案例。使用name和pwd参数登陆接口,返回获取response并直接转换成User对象,User有两个成员变量name,age。
使用步骤分解为:
1、创建retrofit
private void initRetrofit(){
retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("http://192.168.56.1:12306/")
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build();
}
2、定义接口
public interface ApiServicce {
@FormUrlEncoded
@POST("/user/login/")
Call<User> login(@Field("name")String name, @Field("pwd")String pwd);
}
3、创建Call代理对象
ApiServicce apiService = retrofit.create(ApiServicce.class);
Call<User> userCall = apiService.login("name","retrofit");
4、发起请求并获取回调内容
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<User> call, Response<User> response) {
User user = response.body();
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<User> call, Throwable t) {
System.err.println(call.toString());
}
});
以上四个步骤就完成了一个完成的数据请求和回复的解析。高度解耦的特点只能用简洁优雅来形容。那么他怎么做到的呢我们稍后分析。这里涉及到一个的接口是使用mockserver来模拟完成的,有关于mockserver的工作可以从github mockserver了解。这里我使用的是简易的moco,只需要是简单使用其jar包和定义一个配置便可以轻松的完成一次模拟过程。详情可以参考这里。
服务启动命令:
java -jar moco-runner-0.11.0-standalone.jar http -p 12306 -c foo.json
foo.json内容:
[
{
"request" :
{
"uri" :"/user/login/",
"method" :"post"
},
"response" :
{
"json" :
{
"name" : "jerry",
"age" :"24"
}
}
},
{
"request":
{
"uri" : "/"
},
"response" :
{
"text" : "hello"
}
}
]
可以看出调用
http://192.168.56.1:12306/返回hello的文本内容,调用http://192.168.56.1:12306/user/login 返回上述的json串再经由retrofit转换成对应的java对象。ok,大体了解了使用方法,开始剖析他的工作原理。
原理剖析
可以看出其工作流程主要分为下面四步
- 1、首先build request参数
- 2、因为不能在主线程请求HTTP,所以你得有个Executer或者线程
- 3、enqueue后,通过线程去run你的请求
- 4、得到服务器数据后,callback回调给你的上层。
-
下面对其源码进行分析:
结合我们使用过程 retrofit buildretrofit build
public Retrofit build() { if (baseUrl == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required."); } okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory; if (callFactory == null) { callFactory = new OkHttpClient(); } Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor; if (callbackExecutor == null) { callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor(); } // Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter. List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.adapterFactories); adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)); // Make a defensive copy of the converters. List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.converterFactories); return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories, callbackExecutor, validateEagerly); }
实例CallFactory,CallFactory决定调用的网络模块使用的是哪个,这里默认使用的是OkHttpClient。成员callbackExecutor为执行回调的任务或线程。成员adapterFactories存放CallAdapter的一个列表,并且add一个默认的AdapterFactory,AdapterFactory中get方法用来获取到指定的CallAdapter。先来看下默认的AdapterFactory是什么,位置ExecutorCallAdapterFactory类。
CallAdapter
@Override public CallAdapter<Call<?>> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) { return null; } final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType); return new CallAdapter<Call<?>>() { @Override public Type responseType() { return responseType; } @Override public <R> Call<R> adapt(Call<R> call) { return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, call); } }; }
return new ExecutorCallbackCall,那么看下这个ExecutorCallbackCall是什么
static final class ExecutorCallbackCall<T> implements Call<T> { final Executor callbackExecutor; final Call<T> delegate; ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call<T> delegate) { this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor; this.delegate = delegate; } @Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) { if (callback == null) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null"); delegate.enqueue(new Callback<T>() { @Override public void onResponse(Call<T> call, final Response<T> response) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (delegate.isCanceled()) { // Emulate OkHttp's behavior of throwing/delivering an IOException on cancellation. callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled")); } else { callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response); } } }); } @Override public void onFailure(Call<T> call, final Throwable t) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t); } }); } }); } @Override public boolean isExecuted() { return delegate.isExecuted(); } @Override public Response<T> execute() throws IOException { return delegate.execute(); } @Override public void cancel() { delegate.cancel(); } @Override public boolean isCanceled() { return delegate.isCanceled(); } @SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntCallSuperClone") // Performing deep clone. @Override public Call<T> clone() { return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, delegate.clone()); } @Override public Request request() { return delegate.request(); } }
ok,很简单。只是一个Call的代理类,不了解Call对象的可以去研究下okhttp。delegate.enqueue回复之后使用callbackExecutor将回复处理放回到一个子线程交由callback处理。做好这些准备工作之后。需要看下他是如果做到create代理对象的解耦和连接整个的工作流程。
retrofit create
retrofit.create(申明的接口class)
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) { Utils.validateServiceInterface(service); if (validateEagerly) { eagerlyValidateMethods(service); } return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service }, new InvocationHandler() { private final Platform platform = Platform.get(); @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object... args) throws Throwable { // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation. if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) { return method.invoke(this, args); } if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) { return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args); } ServiceMethod serviceMethod = loadServiceMethod(method); OkHttpCall okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args); return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall); } }); }
可以看出这里使用了一个动态代理来代理service类,观察其InvocationHandler代理改变的部分,其Object的方法都自动被原样的执行,当调用service里面的请求方法的时候会被Proxy拦截,loadServiceMethod方法讲原方法包装成ServiceMethod,ServiceMethod类主要工作是解析注解、传参,将他们分装成request,然后再根据具体的返回值,将之前配置的工场Factory生成具体的CallAdapter和ResponseConvert。 OkHttpCall okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args)。显式的实例了一个OkhttpCall对象,OkHttpCall封装了Call(okhttp中的对象),说明retrofit是使用了okttp最为网络的核心模块。最后一步serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall),callAdater是用来做什么的呢,其本质是将call转成一个T型的策略。下面先对CallAdapter如何工作的进行剖析,并且如何整合Rxjava来使用的。
结合Rxjava
如果我们想使用Rxjava 那么接口方法定义得是这样的
@FormUrlEncoded @POST Observable<User> rxLogin(@Field("name")String name, @Field("pwd")String pwd);
那么如何才能转换成我们想要的Observable类型呢,前面我们说过CallAdapter旨在转换Call成为我们想要的T类型。那么需要在CallAdapter上做文章了。重点看下RxJavaCallAdapterFactory类
public final class RxJavaCallAdapterFactory implements CallAdapter.Factory
CallAdapter.Factory是Retrofit这个库中的接口,用来给我们自定义去解析我们自己想要的类型用的。
get方法获取CallAdapter的方法
@Override public CallAdapter<?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { Class<?> rawType = Utils.getRawType(returnType); boolean isSingle = "rx.Single".equals(rawType.getCanonicalName()); if (rawType != Observable.class && !isSingle) { return null; } if (!(returnType instanceof ParameterizedType)) { String name = isSingle ? "Single" : "Observable"; throw new IllegalStateException(name + " return type must be parameterized" + " as " + name + "<Foo> or " + name + "<? extends Foo>"); } CallAdapter<Observable<?>> callAdapter = getCallAdapter(returnType); if (isSingle) { // Add Single-converter wrapper from a separate class. This defers classloading such that // regular Observable operation can be leveraged without relying on this unstable RxJava API. return SingleHelper.makeSingle(callAdapter); } return callAdapter; }
如果不是Observable的类型,则不去处理.Observable类型则调用callAdapter()方法获取对应的CallAdapter。callAdapter()方法中return SimpleCallAdapter的实例,那么观察SimpleCallAdapter的实现
static final class SimpleCallAdapter implements CallAdapter<Observable<?>> { private final Type responseType; private final Scheduler scheduler; SimpleCallAdapter(Type responseType, Scheduler scheduler) { this.responseType = responseType; this.scheduler = scheduler; } @Override public Type responseType() { return responseType; } @Override public <R> Observable<R> adapt(Call<R> call) { Observable<R> observable = Observable.create(new CallOnSubscribe<>(call)) // .lift(OperatorMapResponseToBodyOrError.<R>instance()); if (scheduler != null) { return observable.subscribeOn(scheduler); } return observable; } }
好了,最终我们看到了adapter返回类型就是Observeble了。再回顾下retrofit create的过程中我们代理proxy return的结果是serviceMethod.callAdapter.apater(call)那么我们取得的是不是就一个Observerble对象了!!!那么create拿到的代理对象就是一个observable对象。就可以轻松的使用Rxjava了!!!如果不了解rxjava的可以了解下github rxjava
Request and Response
retrofit的重点是是组装request和回复response类型的转换。serviceMethod类是用来根据注解组装请求参数的。serviceMethod的build方法
public ServiceMethod build() { callAdapter = createCallAdapter(); responseType = callAdapter.responseType(); if (responseType == Response.class || responseType == okhttp3.Response.class) { throw methodError("'" + Utils.getRawType(responseType).getName() + "' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?"); } responseConverter = createResponseConverter(); for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) { parseMethodAnnotation(annotation); } if (httpMethod == null) { throw methodError("HTTP method annotation is required (e.g., @GET, @POST, etc.)."); } if (!hasBody) { if (isMultipart) { throw methodError( "Multipart can only be specified on HTTP methods with request body (e.g., @POST)."); } if (isFormEncoded) { throw methodError("FormUrlEncoded can only be specified on HTTP methods with " + "request body (e.g., @POST)."); } } int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length; parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount]; for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) { Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p]; if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) { throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", parameterType); } Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p]; if (parameterAnnotations == null) { throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found."); } parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations); } if (relativeUrl == null && !gotUrl) { throw methodError("Missing either @%s URL or @Url parameter.", httpMethod); } if (!isFormEncoded && !isMultipart && !hasBody && gotBody) { throw methodError("Non-body HTTP method cannot contain @Body."); } if (isFormEncoded && !gotField) { throw methodError("Form-encoded method must contain at least one @Field."); } if (isMultipart && !gotPart) { throw methodError("Multipart method must contain at least one @Part."); } return new ServiceMethod<>(this); }
createCallAdapter创建对应的callAdapter,即从CallAdapterFactory中取出需要的适配器,responseConverter创建对应的回复处理类,从List
@Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) { if (callback == null) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null"); okhttp3.Call call; Throwable failure; synchronized (this) { if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed."); executed = true; call = rawCall; failure = creationFailure; if (call == null && failure == null) { try { call = rawCall = createRawCall(); } catch (Throwable t) { failure = creationFailure = t; } } } if (failure != null) { callback.onFailure(this, failure); return; } if (canceled) { call.cancel(); } call.enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() { @Override public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException { Response<T> response; try { response = parseResponse(rawResponse); } catch (Throwable e) { callFailure(e); return; } callSuccess(response); } @Override public void onFailure(okhttp3.Call call, IOException e) { try { callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e); } catch (Throwable t) { t.printStackTrace(); } } private void callFailure(Throwable e) { try { callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e); } catch (Throwable t) { t.printStackTrace(); } } private void callSuccess(Response<T> response) { try { callback.onResponse(OkHttpCall.this, response); } catch (Throwable t) { t.printStackTrace(); } } }); }
使用okttp的call对象拿到回复之后调用parseResponse获得到指定的response对象。最终是调用serviceMethod中的toResponse进行转换成对应的T类型。
/** Builds a method return value from an HTTP response body. */ T toResponse(ResponseBody body) throws IOException { return responseConverter.convert(body); }
所以这里就是使用了我们指定的responseConverter进行转换。如GsonConverterFactory。转换的方式根据不同Converter来定,不做详述。由此可见,通过ServiceMethod的协调完成了request的组装和response回复的转换。
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