C# XML序列化和反序列化(XmlSerializer)

Posted 2023-01-30 dotNET跨平台

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概述

XML序列化和反序列化是C#的常用技术，实现的方式有很多种，序列化即将对象转化为便于传输的数据格式，常见的方法有：二进制，字节数组，json字符串，xml字符串等。今天主要通过XmlSerializer类的Serialize和Deserialize方法实现.

标注

如果使用XmlSerializer类实现序列化，不需要用[Serializable]属性标记对象的类型。如果用DataContractSerializer序列化对象，则需要标注[Serializable]或[DataContract]。

需要序列化的类型前标注 [XmlRoot("Name")]，表示根节点；

[XmlType(TypeName = "Name")] 节点

[XmlElement("Name")] 元素

[XmlAttribute("Name")] 属性

[XmlArray] 声明集合

详见：微软官网：https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/standard/serialization/attributes-that-control-xml-serialization

Mark：

1. 私有属性不会被序列化；

2. 标注为[XmlIgnore]的共有属性也不会被序列化；

3. 枚举类型的属性序列化之前需要赋值

实例

using Caliburn.Micro.Hello.Helper;
using Caliburn.Micro.Hello.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;


namespace Caliburn.Micro.Hello.ViewModels

    public class XmlSerializerViewModel : Screen, IViewModel
    
        private StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        public string DisplayInfo  get; set; 
        public XmlSerializerViewModel()
        
            DisplayName = "XmlSerializer";


            xmlFile();
            SerializeToXml();
            DeserializeXml();
            DisplayInfo = stringBuilder.ToString();
        


        public void xmlFile()
        
            XmlFile xmlFile = new XmlFile();
            xmlFile.CreateXmlFile("ReviewParams", "maxValue", "30");
        


        public void SerializeToXml()
        
            //测试序列化
            var xml = "";
            StudentList de = new StudentList();


            var person1 = new Student();
            person1.Name = "郭德纲";
            person1.Age = 58;
            person1.Sex = "男";


            var person2 = new Student();
            person2.Name = "洪金宝";
            person2.Age = 72;
            person2.Sex = "男";


            de.data = new List<Student>();
            de.data.Add(person1);
            de.data.Add(person2);


            xml = XmlHelper.serialize(de);
            stringBuilder.AppendLine(xml);


            //XmlHelper.SerializeToXml(de);
            XmlHelper.SerializeToXml(new DocumentDic());
        


        public void DeserializeXml()
        
            var content = File.ReadAllText(Environment.CurrentDirectory + @"\\myxml.xml");
            DocumentDic dee = XmlHelper.deserialize(content, typeof(DocumentDic)) as DocumentDic;
            if (dee != null)
            
                foreach (var item in dee.dataDic.Values)
                
                    stringBuilder.AppendLine(item.Name);

运行结果：

这里要注意的是 xtw.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;//可实现换行显示；Dictionary本身不支持序列化，所以需要重写为可序列化的SerializableDictionary；

SerializeToXml：

public static void SerializeToXml(object o)
        
            var type = o.GetType();
            if (o == null)
            
                return;
            


            //序列化对象
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(type);
            using (XmlTextWriter xtw = new XmlTextWriter("myxml.xml", Encoding.UTF8)) //用XmlTextWriter 创建一个XML文件
            
                xtw.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;//可实现换行显示
                serializer.Serialize(xtw, o);
            ;

反序化xml为对象：

/// <summary>
        /// 反序化xml为对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="xml"></param>
        /// <param name="type"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static object deserialize(string xml, Type type)
        
            try
            
                using (StringReader sr = new StringReader(xml))
                
                    XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(type);
                    return serializer.Deserialize(sr);
                
            
            catch (Exception e)
            
                return null;

数据模型：

//对象定义
    [XmlRoot("RecipeData")]
    //[DataContract(Name = "RecipeData", Namespace = "DataContracts")]
    [Serializable]
    public class DocumentDic
    
        public DocumentDic()
        
            dataDic = new SerializableDictionary<string, Student>();
            var person = new Student();
            person.Name = "韦小宝";
            person.Age = 65;
            person.Sex = "男";


            dataDic.Add("明星", person);
        
        [XmlElement("DataTable")] //DataTable平行出现，不出现data
        //[XmlIgnore]
        //[DataMember(Name = "dataDic")]
        public SerializableDictionary<string, Student> dataDic  get; set; 
    


    //对象定义
    [XmlRoot("StudentList")]
    public class StudentList
    
        //[XmlArray("Students"), XmlArrayItem("Student")] 
        [XmlElement("Students")]
        public List<Student> data  get; set; 
    


    [XmlRoot("Student")]
    public class Student
    
        [XmlElement("Name")]
        public string Name  get; set; 


        [XmlElement("Age")]
        public int Age  get; set; 


        [XmlElement("Sex")]
        public string Sex  get; set;

此外还可以用DataContractSerializer，